<\/p>\n
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\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u8fd8\u5f97\u514b\u670d\u53f0\u6e7e\u5728\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u6000\u7591\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5979\u4e0e\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u5979\u6240\u5728\u7684\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u9648\u6c34\u6241\u559c\u6b22\u53d1\u8868\u6fc0\u6012\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6539\u5584\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5236\u9020\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n
2011\u5e74\uff0c\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c11\u8fdb\u515a\u603b\u7edf\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u8bbf\u7f8e\uff0c\u5411\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5979\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4e8b\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u672a\u900f\u9732\u59d3\u540d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u544a\u8bc9\u82f1\u56fd\u300a\u91d1\u878d\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u5979\u8ba9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u5979\u7ef4\u6301\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e0e\u5317\u4eac\u5173\u7cfb\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u610f\u613f\u6709\u201c\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6000\u7591\u201d\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u53f0\u6d77\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u5728\u9a6c\u82f1\u4e5d\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u7eea\u5e2e\u52a9\u9a6c\u82f1\u4e5d\u57282012\u5e74\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u83b7\u80dc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u66fe\u4e3a\u5979\u8d77\u8349\u6f14\u8bb2\u7a3f\u7684\u5f20\u4e4b\u8c6a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5979\u4ece\u90a3\u6b21\u5931\u8d25\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u4e86\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u6311\u8845\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u3002\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u8d62\u5f972015\u5e74\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u5927\u9009\u524d\u518d\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u534e\u76db\u987f\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u5df2\u4e3a\u6c11\u8fdb\u515a\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u613f\u666f\uff1a\u5728\u4e0d\u6fc0\u6012\u6613\u7206\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u58f0\u5f20\u5730\u52aa\u529b\u5de9\u56fa\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u201c\u5979\u60f3\u8981push\uff08\u63a8\u52a8\uff09\u53f0\u6e7e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0cpush\u5230\u6700\u79ef\u6781\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff08\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u201d\u5f20\u4e4b\u8c6a\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b56\u7565\u5e2e\u52a9\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u7f8e\u53f0\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u603b\u7edf\u5df2\u591a\u6b21\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u4fdd\u536b\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u4efb\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\uff08\u62dc\u767b\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u767d\u5bab\u90fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u6765\u6f84\u6e05\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u4fdd\u536b\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u6709\u610f\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u6218\u7565\u6a21\u7cca\u653f\u7b56\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u3002\uff09\u989d\u5916\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u652f\u6301\u548c\u6b66\u5668\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u8bbf\u95ee\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u90fd\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u66f4\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u7f8e\u53f0\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u201c\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e2a\u76f4\u7387\u7684\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u5979\u4e8b\u5148\u5df2\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u78cb\u5546\uff0c\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fb7\u56fd\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4e9a\u6d32\u9879\u76ee\u4e3b\u4efb\u845b\u6765\u4eea(Bonnie Glaser)\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5df2\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u5728\u62c5\u4efb\u53f0\u6e7e\u5927\u9646\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\u671f\u95f4\u66fe\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u6709\u8fc7\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u5171\u4e8b\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u5979\u6700\u521d\u66fe\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5317\u4eac\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u6c11\u8fdb\u515a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u662f\u53f0\u6e7e\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5979\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u89e6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5979\u57282016\u5e74\u7684\u5c31\u804c\u6f14\u8bf4\u4e2d\u66fe\u5bfb\u6c42\u4fdd\u7559\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e24\u5cb8\u66fe\u57281992\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\u4f1a\u8c08\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6ca1\u6709\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u5979\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u624b\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u540e\u6765\u58f0\u79f0\u5728\u90a3\u6b21\u4f1a\u8c08\u4e2d\u8fbe\u6210\u201c\u4e5d\u4e8c\u5171\u8bc6\u201d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u53f0\u6e7e\u5bf9\u8be5\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u5317\u4eac\u5df2\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u90a3\u5e94\u8be5\u6210\u4e3a\u53f0\u6d77\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u5728\u5c31\u804c\u5178\u793c\u524d\u66fe\u80cc\u5730\u91cc\u4e0e\u5927\u9646\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u5979\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u5979\u627f\u8ba4\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u4f1a\u8c08\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8ba9\u6b65\u3002\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u56de\u51fb\u79f0\uff0c\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u5c31\u804c\u6f14\u8bb2\u50cf\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u4efd\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7b54\u5377\u201d\u3002\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u59a5\u534f\u6001\u5ea6\u611f\u5230\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u636e\u66fe\u4efb\u7f8e\u5728\u53f0\u534f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u8584\u745e\u5149(Raymond Burghardt)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u540d\u4e0e\u8be5\u653f\u5e9c\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u654f\u611f\u6027\u4e0d\u613f\u5177\u540d\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5386\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5979\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8c28\u614e\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5979\u4ecd\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u53cd\u51fb\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u636e\u603b\u7edf\u5e9c\u524d\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u3001\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u957f\u671f\u52a9\u624b\u6797\u9e64\u660e\u8bf4\uff0c\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u57282018\u5e74\u5e95\u5f97\u5230\u60c5\u62a5\u79f0\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u6253\u7b97\u5c31\u53f0\u6e7e\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u8868\u91cd\u8981\u8bb2\u8bdd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u719f\u6089\u6b64\u4e8b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u540d\u4eba\u58eb\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u5177\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
2019\u5e741\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u63d0\u51fa\u5c06\u5bf9\u53f0\u6e7e\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u56fd\u4e24\u5236\u201d\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u201c\u4e00\u56fd\u4e24\u5236\u201d\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u5bf9\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5373\u9999\u6e2f\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8d4b\u4e88\u9999\u6e2f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6743\u529b\u548c\u5185\u653f\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\uff0c\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u8981\u91cd\u7533\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u2018\u4e00\u56fd\u4e24\u5236\u2019\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53f0\u6e7e\u6c11\u610f\u4e5f\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u2018\u4e00\u56fd\u4e24\u5236\u2019\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u2018\u53f0\u6e7e\u5171\u8bc6\u2019\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u5979\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u4f20\u64ad\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u5979\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\u5236\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d77\u62a5\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5c06\u5176\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e86\u8fd140\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n
\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u8521\u603b\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u5979\u7684\u8baf\u606f\u4f20\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u793e\u7fa4\u89c9\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u201d\u524d\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u6797\u9e64\u660e\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5317\u4eac\u6392\u6324\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4ece\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\u662f\u5f04\u5de7\u6210\u62d9\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5728\u8d62\u5f97\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u9009\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5bf9\u53f0\u653f\u7b56\u5305\u62ec\u7ecf\u6d4e\u80c1\u8feb\u3001\u5b98\u5a92\u548c\u5b98\u5458\u53d1\u51fa\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u53f0\u6e7e\u9644\u8fd1\u589e\u6d3e\u6218\u6597\u673a\u548c\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u519b\u4e8b\u6050\u5413\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aJOHN LIU, AMY CHANG CHIEN, CHRIS HORTON, \u5b5f\u5efa\u56fd<\/p>\n
2023\u5e744\u67083\u65e5<\/p>\n
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