{"id":160,"date":"2022-11-03T19:11:01","date_gmt":"2022-11-03T11:11:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ifcdt.450001.net\/?p=160"},"modified":"2022-11-03T19:11:02","modified_gmt":"2022-11-03T11:11:02","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e5%85%ad%e8%8a%82-%e4%b8%a4%e7%a7%8d%e6%b5%81%e8%a1%8c%e7%9a%84%e6%b8%90%e8%bf%9b%e6%94%b9%e9%9d%a9%e4%b8%bb%e5%bc%a0%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=160","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u516d\u8282 \u4e24\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u5f20\uff08\u4e0a\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

17\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6e10\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u4e49<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5462\uff1f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u505a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u63ed\u793a\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u548c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6765\u5398\u6e05\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u8def\u548c\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4ece\u4f17\u591a\u6d89\u53ca\u6e10\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1[1]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u5f20\u9010\u6b65\u7684\u3001\u6162\u901f\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u5f20\u5148\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u89e6\u52a8\u73b0\u5236\u5ea6\u5927\u539f\u5219\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6539\u8d77\uff0c\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u3001\u4ece\u5c40\u90e8\u5230\u6574\u4f53\u788e\u7247\u5316\u5730\u63a8\u8fdb\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5047\u5b9a\u5c0f\u6539\u9769\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u6539\u9769\u3001\u5f00\u542f\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u5c0f\u6539\u9769\u7d2f\u79ef\u8d77\u6765\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u9010\u6b65\u7684\u3001\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6700\u5c0f\u3001\u6700\u5e73\u7a33\u5730\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002
\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e2\u53cd\u5bf9\u66b4\u529b\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u5bf9\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u9664\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5c3d\u5feb\u5f00\u653e\u8a00\u7981\u3001\u515a\u7981\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u8981\u4ece\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u5f00\u59cb\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u5bf9\u5c3d\u5feb\u4e3e\u884c\u5168\u56fd\u5927\u9009\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u4e3e\u884c\u5168\u56fd\u5927\u9009\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5047\u5b9a\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u62c5\u5fc3\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u53d8\u9769\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u7684\u52a8\u8361\u751a\u81f3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u3002


\u56fe\u886813.\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6001\u5ea6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u5f20<\/strong>\u9010\u6b65\u7684\u3001\u6162\u901f\u7684\u6539\u9769<\/strong>
\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ece\u4e0d\u89e6\u52a8\u73b0\u5236\u5ea6\u539f\u5219\u5f00\u59cb<\/strong>
\u5047\u5b9a\u5c0f\u6539\u9769\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u6539\u9769<\/strong>
\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6162\u901f\u3001\u5c0f\u5e45\u6539\u9769\u662f\u6700\u73b0\u5b9e\u3001\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/td>		\u53cd\u5bf9\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u53d8\u9769<\/strong>
\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5c3d\u5feb\u5f00\u653e\u8a00\u7981\u3001\u515a\u7981<\/strong>
\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u5bf9\u5c3d\u5feb\u4e3e\u884c\u5168\u56fd\u5927\u9009<\/strong>
\u5047\u5b9a\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u62c5\u5fc3\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u53d8\u9769\u4f1a<\/strong>
\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u52a8\u8361<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6982\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u6f6e\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u7ec6\u5c0f\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6162\u901f\u5730\u3001\u788e\u7247\u5316\u5730\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u6574\u4f53\u539f\u5219\u7684\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u515a\u7981\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u5927\u9009\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u7f13\u884c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e2d\u56fd\u624d\u80fd\u5e73\u7a33\u5730\u3001\u4ee5\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002
\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6210\u8bed\uff0c\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u5728\u704c\u6728\u4e1b\u5468\u8fb9\u51fb\u6253\u201d\uff08beat around the bush\uff09\u3002\u6700\u521d\u5927\u6982\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u6355\u730e\u65f6\u6572\u6253\u704c\u6728\u4e1b\u7684\u5916\u56f4\u8ba9\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u8d70\u517d\u81ea\u5df1\u8dd1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\u6545\u610f\u56de\u907f\u8981\u5bb3\u3001\u5728\u5916\u56f4\u7ed5\u5708\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e90\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6210\u8bed\u7528\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u5927\u81f4\u662f\u5408\u9002\u7684\u3002\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5f00\u653e\u8a00\u8bba\u3001\u515a\u7981\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u50cf\u5168\u56fd\u5927\u9009\u8fd9\u6837\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u5728\u8fd1\u671f\u8003\u8651\u4e4b\u5185\u7684\u3002


\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u56de\u907f\u8981\u5bb3\uff0c
\u5728\u5916\u56f4\u7ed5\u5708\u5b50\u3002


\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7f18\u8d77\u548c\u8513\u5ef6\u6709\u7740\u590d\u6742\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u7b56\u7565\u8003\u8651\u3002\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u8f83\u4f4e\u3001\u4e0d\u89e6\u52a8\u73b0\u5236\u5ea6\u6839\u672c\u539f\u5219\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f00\u542f\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u9769\u4e4b\u95e8\u3002\u5728\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8bf4\u670d\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u611f\u5230\u6709\u6025\u8feb\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c0f\u6539\u5c0f\u9769\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b98\u65b9\u6240\u5bb9\u5fcd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u8a00\u8bf4\u548c\u53d1\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u800c\u53c8\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u62db\u81f4\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u5931\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u613f\u671b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u5c3d\u5feb\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u6c11\u4e3b\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fdc\u666f\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e5f\u5c31\u5fc3\u5b89\u4e86\u3002
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7531\u6765\u548c\u52c3\u5174\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9887\u4e3a\u65e0\u5948\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u5c1a\u82e5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6240\u6df1\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7591\u7684\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u8fd8\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5386\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e3a\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u9053\u8def\u201d\u3001\u67cf\u514b\u7684\u201c\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3001\u201c\u82cf\u8054\u4e1c\u6b27\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u201d\u3001\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u751f\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\u3001\u6ce2\u666e\u7684\u201c\u96f6\u661f\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u201d\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u62ff\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\u6e10\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u51fa\u4e8e\u65e0\u5948\u7684\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u7740\u591a\u79cd\u6e0a\u6e90\u3001\u81ea\u89c9\u81ea\u613f\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002
\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u840c\u82bd\u4e8e80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6d6e\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\u548c\u53d1\u626c\u5149\u5927\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u8fdb\u516590\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u81ea90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u4f60\u603b\u662f\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u540a\u8be1\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u7126\u8651\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u548c\u7d27\u8feb\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f53\u8c08\u5230\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u6c11\u4e3b\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5374\u603b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5fd8\u4e86\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5\u201c\u5e94\u8be5\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u4fd7\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6162\u6162\u6765\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5148\u6539\u70b9\u5c0f\u7684\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u660e\u663e\u5177\u6709\u5b98\u65b9\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8fd8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u201c\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\u3002
\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6e10\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u624d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d70\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3001\u7a33\u5065\u3001\u4ee3\u4ef7\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6070\u6070\u662f\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6761\u9053\u8def\uff1f\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u867d\u7136\u6d41\u4f20\u751a\u5e7f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u5206\u6790\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7531\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u660e\u663e\u5e26\u7740\u5b98\u65b9\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u53d8\u9769\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff1b\u5206\u6790\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7acb\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u53d1\u751f\u673a\u5236\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u3001\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u9053\u8def\u7684\u66f2\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u82f1\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u5bb6\u67d0\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u6ee5\u7528\uff1b\u5206\u6790\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u963b\u788d\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u4e8e\u6539\u9769\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u6240\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002
\u6211\u5c06\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6240\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u3001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8bbe\u60f3\u65e2\u4e0e\u5feb\u901f\u8f6c\u578b\u4e5f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u901f\u3001\u6162\u901f\u8f6c\u578b\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u6beb\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u5c06\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u5176\u4e3b\u5f20\u8005\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u4f1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e73\u7a33\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u9677\u5165\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u548c\u590d\u6742\u5316\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5949\u884c\u4e00\u79cd\u8be5\u6162\u5219\u6162\u3001\u5f53\u5feb\u5219\u5feb\u3001\u4e0d\u5931\u65f6\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u9769\u3001\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u5f97\u5f53\u7684\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u987a\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u3002(\u6211\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u76db\u884c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f26\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u6162\u7684\u3001\u5c0f\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u800c\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e0d\u5206\u60c5\u7531\u5730\u65a5\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002)
\u5728\u5c55\u5f00\u5206\u6790\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5426\u5b9a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u4f1a\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u9700\u8981\u6279\u5224\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u5916\u56f4\u515c\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u56de\u907f\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5f53\u6210\u66f4\u52a0\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bae\u7a0b\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u800c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5c0f\u6539\u5c0f\u9769\uff0c\u6216\u81f3\u591a\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u9769\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8981\u6c42\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u3001\u800c\u662f\u63a8\u8fdf\u4e43\u81f3\u62d2\u65a5\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u601d\u6f6e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u521d\u8877\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u5374\u5982\u6b64\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u8fd9\u91cc\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u6e10\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5728\u5185\u5fc3\u4e5f\u662f\u76fc\u671b\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u9769\u751a\u81f3\u81ea\u4e0b\u81f3\u4e0a\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u62c5\u5fc3\u53d7\u5230\u8feb\u5bb3\u6216\u8005\u7531\u4e8e\u8a00\u8bba\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u624d\u201c\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u201d\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6e10\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u53ea\u6709\u672c\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u672c\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8206\u8bba\u6c1b\u56f4\u6709\u4e1d\u6beb\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u800c\u5c31\u5851\u9020\u516c\u5171\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6c1b\u56f4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u60f3\u6cd5\u53ea\u6709\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u5176\u8868\u8fbe\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8868\u8fbe\u3001\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5bfb\u627e\u5404\u79cd\u8bba\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9884\u8bbe\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u5927\u5e45\u53d8\u9769\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u5c0f\u5e45\u3001\u6162\u901f\u6539\u9769\u624d\u662f\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6211\u8bf4\u670d\u3001\u6539\u53d8\u5185\u5fc3\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539f\u672c\u5c06\u4fe1\u5c06\u7591\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u53d8\u5f97\u786e\u4fe1\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u201c\u7406\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u201d\u4e0a\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5185\u5fc3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u53d8\u9769\u751a\u81f3\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7ea0\u7f20\u4ed6\u3002
\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8def\u7a0b\u800c\u6765\u3002\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u9f13\u5439\u3002\u540e\u9762\u6211\u5c06\u8c08\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a8\u5d07\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u9053\u8def\u201d\u3001\u5ba3\u626c\u201c\u6539\u826f\u4f18\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u201d \u3001\u201c\u6162\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7a33\u7684\u201d\u3001\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u8d2c\u6291\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u3001\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6709\u53c2\u7167\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6ce2\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ca1\u6709\u906d\u9047\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u9042\u4e0a\u5347\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u7edf\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u6f14\u8fdb\u3002\u5728\u5a01\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u957f\u662f\u7f13\u6162\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5177\u6709\u6f14\u8fdb\u6027\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u4e2a\u6848\u6216\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5355\u9879\u7684\u5c0f\u53d8\u9769\u57f9\u517b\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u805a\u96c6\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u65e0\u5948\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u65e0\u4ece\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5a01\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u575a\u6301\u5f3a\u786c\u8def\u7ebf\u3001\u675f\u7f1a\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u811a\u6b65\u5374\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u3002
\u5e94\u8be5\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u6027\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f6c\u578b\u6218\u7565\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fa9\u62a4[2]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u6b63\u662f\u5a01\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u5728\u675f\u7f1a\u7740\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u53ef\u4ee5\u524a\u5f31\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u3001\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u9884\u5907\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u83b7\u5f97\u7834\u5c40\u540e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u624d\u80fd\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u3002
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u68c0\u89c6\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u53d8\u9769\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u62bd\u8c61\u201d\u5730\u53d9\u8bf4\u4e86\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u503e\u5411\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u3002
\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u4e91\u4ea6\u4e91\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u3001\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9,\u5374\u4e0d\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u5c55\u5f00\u6e10\u8fdb\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba8\u8bba\u201c\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\u201d\u7684\u201c\u5e8f\u201d\u7a76\u7adf\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u7684\u201c\u7a7a\u60f3\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u6539\u9769\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u3001\u6cd5\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u65e2\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5b98\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u201c\u667a\u56ca\u201d\u3002
\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4e00\u4e00\u8ba8\u8bba\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8ba8\u8bba\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\u3001\u6d41\u4f20\u6700\u5e7f\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u201d\u8bf4\u3001\u201c\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u7279\u522b\u5927\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u6240\u6d89\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u4e00\u4e00\u7ed9\u4e0e\u6bd4\u8f83\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5256\u6790\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u8ba8\u8bba\u201c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u201d\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7f13\u884c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u840c\u82bd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523080\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u5728\u79c1\u4e0b\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u5374\u6709\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u80fd\u5426\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u6cd5\u6cbb\u6765\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u4f46\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u8bf4\u7684\u6d6e\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\uff0c\u5219\u662f90\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4ece1988\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u6cbb\u8fc8\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\u7b49\u591a\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u6f14\u8bb2\u8bba\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u987e\u8083\u3001\u7ae5\u4e4b\u4f1f\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u5148\u540e\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u884c\u5217[3]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002
\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d41\u6d3e\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u540c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u4e0d\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\u800c\u7126\u8651\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e0b\u5c31\u5f00\u653e\u515a\u7981\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u76f4\u9009\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5371\u9669\u7684\u3002\u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d70\u5411\u591a\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u5168\u56fd\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u4e3e\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u66f4\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6781\u5927\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u201d[4]<\/strong><\/a>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u201c\u6b21\u201d\uff0c\u5148\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4ece\u5efa\u7acb\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5207\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e0d\u5931\u4e3a\u53ef\u884c\u3001\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002


\u73b0\u4efb\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u5927\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u7684\u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u65e9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u8bba\u3002

\u4f46\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u2018\u5b89\u5b9a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u2019\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u800c\u5b89\u5b9a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f53\u5236\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u201d [5]<\/strong><\/a>\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u67e2\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u2026\u2026\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u5065\u5168\u4e00\u79cd\u4e5f\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u8005\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u63a8\u884c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5baa\u653f\u3002\u201d [6]<\/strong><\/a>\u201c\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5,\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d,\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5148\u5389\u884c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u548c\u5baa\u653f\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u201d[7]<\/strong><\/a>
\u5728\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u8bba\u8005\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7279\u522b\u559c\u6b22\u63d0\u5230\u9999\u6e2f\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u5374\u6709\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u30021999\u5e74\uff0c\u5317\u5927\u6559\u6388\u6f58\u7ef4\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u540d\u566a\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0[8]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u672a\u6765\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u90a3\u79cd\u201c\u6709\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u7684\u653f\u4f53\u3002\u6f58\u7ef4\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5316\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u603b\u6709\u5148\u540e\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u4e8c\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u517c\u5f97\u3002\u201d \u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ed9\u4e86\u2018\u4eba\u6c11\u2019\u5145\u5206\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u2026\u2026\u5374\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u56db\u5206\u4e94\u88c2\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9677\u5165\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u2026\u2026\u5e38\u5e38\u6ca6\u843d\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5931\u5e8f\u201d\u3002[9]<\/strong><\/a>
\u6f58\u7ef4\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3a\u8fdc\u666f\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5df2\u7136\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6e10\u8fdb\u6c11\u4e3b\u5b66\u6d3e\u4e2d\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u6d41\u6d3e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u8bba\u8005\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7acb\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b64\u72ec\u5730\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u6216\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u4ed6\u6e32\u67d3\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u201c\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u65e0\u6cd5\u6cbb\u201d\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u6df7\u4e71\u5931\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u8bba\u8005\u6216\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u3002[10]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5317\u5927\u6559\u6388\u6f58\u7ef4\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6cd5\u6cbb\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002


\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u8fc7\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9650\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u3001\u8206\u8bba\u76d1\u7763\u3001\u5206\u6743\u5236\u8861\u7b49\u3002\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u8bba\u8005\u4eec\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5047\u5b9a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5a01\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u653f\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u786e\u7acb\u3002
\u4ece\u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u770b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u547c\u5401\u6700\u591a\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u9075\u5b88\u5baa\u6cd5\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5148\u5141\u8bb8\u53f8\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5207\u5165\u70b9\u3002\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u652f\u67f1\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u8bba\u8005\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u53f8\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7edf\u6cbb\u515a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u62d2\u7edd\u5f00\u653e\u515a\u7981\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u76f4\u9009\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u8fd9\u6837\u7b80\u5355\u5462\uff1f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba8\u8bba\u6cd5\u6cbb\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5148\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ed9\u4e0e\u53f8\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e00\u515a\u5236\u3001\u4e3e\u884c\u5168\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea6\u5373\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b9e\u65bd\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u53d8\u9769\u7ea0\u7f20\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u53f8\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u771f\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u6574\u4f53\u653f\u6cbb\u67b6\u6784\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5a01\u6743\u6216\u6781\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u6761\u6587\u4e0a\u5ba3\u79f0\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u6ce8\u76ee\uff0c\u8c01\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u638c\u6743\u8005\u5c0a\u91cd\u53f8\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u8c01\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u516c\u6b63\uff1f
\u56de\u987e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u4f4d\u90fd\u662f\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u3001\u4ee3\u8bae\u5236\u3001\u5206\u6743\u5236\u8861\u7b49\u5baa\u6cd5\u539f\u5219\u4e00\u5e76\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u6ede\u540e\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u65e0\u9650\u7fa1\u6155\u7684\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u5bb6\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u57281688\u5e74\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d\u5960\u5b9a\u8bae\u4f1a\u81f3\u4e0a\u5730\u4f4d3\u5e74\u540e\u53731771\u5e74\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u660e\u786e\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3001\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5148\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u800c\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u72ec\u7acb\u3002
\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5a01\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6bd4\u653e\u5bbd\u8a00\u8bba\u3001\u7ed3\u793e\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\u66f4\u52a0\u5371\u9669\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u65e6\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e0d\u518d\u60c5\u613f\u5c65\u884c\u5ba1\u5224\u3001\u9547\u538b\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u201c\u64c5\u81ea\u201d\u4fa6\u529e\u3001\u5ba1\u5224\u8d2a\u8150\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u8ffd\u7a76\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7f6a\u884c\u3002
\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u53d8\u9769\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u60f3\u72ec\u7acb\u4e5f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002\u4e3b\u5f20\u5148\u4ece\u53f8\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u5165\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u53d8\u9769\u624d\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u63d0\u524d\u5230\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u3001\u66f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u6765\u505a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7a98\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u7b49\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u8bba\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5f00\u653e\u515a\u7981\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u76f4\u9009\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u53d8\u9769\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u5371\u9669\u7684\u3002
\u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u4ee5\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u662f\u6210\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u65e0\u53ef\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5fc5\u987b\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5148\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u4e3a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e3e\u884c\u5960\u57fa\u793c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9053\u7406\u592a\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6df1\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7279\u522b\u9700\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u6f58\u7ef4\u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u6e32\u67d3\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u4e0e\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5316\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f97\u517c\u201d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u201c\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u65e0\u6cd5\u6cbb\u201d\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u6df7\u4e71\u5931\u5e8f\u3002
\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u516c\u6b63\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e86\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3001\u5baa\u653f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u8d70\u904d\u5168\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5374\u6709\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5a01\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u201c\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u65e0\u6cd5\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5931\u5e8f\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\uff08civil liberties\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u538b\u5236\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u6f58\u7ef4\u7684\u5927\u4f5c\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e1999\u5e74\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e39\u9ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u6839\u00b7\u83ab\u52d2\uff08JorgenMoller\uff09\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c1998\u5e74\uff0c\u572888\u4e2a\u65b0\u5174\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u670964\u4e2a\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c24\u4e2a\u662f\u6b20\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08illiberal democracies\uff09\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3001\u5baa\u653f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u81ea90\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6b20\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5230\u4e862005\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0886\u4e2a\uff09\u4e2d\u53ea\u67097\u4e2a\u662f\u6b20\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u57c3\u5c14\u8428\u74e6\u591a\u3001\u7259\u4e70\u52a0\u3001\u83b1\u7d22\u6258\u3001\u585e\u5185\u52a0\u5c14\u7b49[11]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8d70\u52bf\u8bc1\u5b9e\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bc1\u4f2a\u4e86\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u624d\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u969c\uff1b\u6cd5\u6cbb\u603b\u662f\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc5\u901f\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6c11\u4e3b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u6709\u7740\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\u3002
\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u8bba\u8005\u4eec\u4ee5\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u4e3a\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u53ef\u5206\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u8bad\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u5012\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u65f6\u671f\u201c\u65e0\u6c11\u4e3b\u6709\u6cd5\u6cbb\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u662f\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u79fb\u690d\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5426\u8ba4\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u662f\u4ee5\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5baa\u653f\u4e3a\u5927\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u7fa1\u6155\u6c34\u6876\u91cc\u6709\u6c34\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u627f\u8ba4\u6c34\u7ba1\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u6240\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u65f6\u671f\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u666f\u5c06\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u52a0\u5f3a\u3001\u6269\u5927\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5317\u4eac\u575a\u6301\u62d2\u7edd\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u957f\u6b64\u4ee5\u5f80\uff0c\u6709\u7406\u7531\u62c5\u5fc3\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e5f\u5c06\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u8680\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u6240\u5728\u5730\u897f\u654f\u5bfa\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4ee5\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002


\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5c06\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5f53\u4f5c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6709\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u6267\u6cd5\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6307\u6807\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u8457\u540d\u667a\u5e93\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff08Freedom House\uff09\u4e0e\u827e\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6c99\u6069\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Albert Shanker Institute\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u7f51\u7edc\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7f3a\u5c11\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u6240\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u6743\u529b\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u201d[12]<\/strong><\/a>
\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4e5f\u66fe\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u674e\u5149\u8000\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52a8\u515a\uff11\uff19\uff15\uff19\u5e74\u8d62\u5f97\u9009\u4e3e\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u77ed\u6682\u6c11\u4e3b\u88ab\u7ec8\u7ed3\uff0c\u653f\u6743\u9010\u6e10\u8715\u5316\u6210\u538b\u5236\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8f6f\u6027\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08soft authoritarianism\uff09\u3002[13]<\/strong><\/a> \u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\u4ee5\u5ba1\u5224\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u9886\u8896\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u3001\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u9001\u8fdb\u76d1\u72f1\u6216\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u503e\u5bb6\u8361\u4ea7\u800c\u8457\u540d\u3002\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f53\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u4fb5\u8680\u3001\u7834\u574f\u6b86\u5c3d\u3002
\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u8bba\u8005\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb60\u4f59\u5e74\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5236\u7684\u66f2\u6298\u8270\u96be\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u60f3\u63d0\u5230\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u91cd\u89c6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u751a\u81f3\u5949\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u53ea\u628a\u773c\u5149\u6295\u541170\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4ee5\u6765\u5927\u5f20\u65d7\u9f13\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u3002\u4e0e1979\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u6cd5\u5236\u8fd1\u4e4e\u8352\u6f20\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u8fc7\u53bb\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u663e\u8457\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u95e8\u7c7b\u9f50\u5168\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u572880\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5c31\u5df2\u521d\u6b65\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u4fbf\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u8865\u5145\u65b0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u4fee\u8ba2\u67d0\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5b98\u3001\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u548c\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u804c\u4e1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u3001\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u6c34\u5e73\u4e5f\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5236\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u56fe\u666f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5236\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u72b6\u51b5\u662f\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u3002\u5baa\u6cd5\u6240\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u7eb8\u5177\u6587\u3001\u5904\u4e8e\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u8df5\u8e0f\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u5927\u91cf\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u5305\u88c5\u51fa\u53f0\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u53cd\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u89c4\u3001\u89c4\u7ae0\u3002\u50cf\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u3001\u6267\u638c\u6743\u67c4\u7684\u4eba\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u53d8\u5f97\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u66f4\u52a0\u8150\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u76846\u500d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53[14]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002
\u56de\u987e\u8fc7\u53bb30\u4f59\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece80\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d6\u6d88\u90a3\u4e9b\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u6076\u6cd5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u673a\u5236\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5baa\u6cd5\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u5c06\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c20\u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u603b\u4f53\u653f\u6cbb\u67b6\u6784\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c70\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u5230\u5e95\u80fd\u8d70\u591a\u8fdc\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u76f4\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u6e34\u671b\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u72b6\u6001\uff1f
\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6cd5\u5236\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u653f\u4f53\u5f62\u6001\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u3001\u5206\u6743\u5236\u8861\u7684\u5171\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5374\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u3002\u5728\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5236\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u611f\u89c9\u5230\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u6700\u5927\u969c\u788d\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u611f\u53d7\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u4e13\u4e1a\u601d\u8003\u201d\u4e2d\u5374\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5fd8\u8bb0\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d28\u95ee\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7edf\u6cbb\u515a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e7b\u60f3\u7740\u5982\u679c\u515a\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u80fd\u9075\u5b88\u5baa\u6cd5\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5c31\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u5374\u5fd8\u4e86\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u673a\u5236\u3001\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e3a\u67d0\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u6216\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e2a\u6848\u7684\u7ea0\u9519\u800c\u6b22\u547c\uff0c\u5e7b\u60f3\u7740\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u6ef4\u5730\u9010\u6e10\u7d2f\u79ef\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5c31\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u5374\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u5411\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6743\u9760\u8fd1\u7684\u6cd5\u6761\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u5927\u969c\u788d\u5c31\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u515a\u56fd\u4f53\u5236\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u515a\u56fd\u4f53\u5236\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u963b\u788d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6539\u9769\u3001\u6cd5\u5236\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u3002
\u201c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u7f13\u884c\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u9762\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u3001\u6c89\u6e4e\u4e8e\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u5e76\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6240\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u7ee7\u7eed\u67d0\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5c0f\u4fee\u5c0f\u8865\u4ee5\u53ca\u51fa\u53f0\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b97\u574f\u7684\u65b0\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u6709\u5927\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5c06\u4e00\u5982\u65e2\u5f80\u5730\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5ff5\u60f3\u548c\u547c\u5401\u3002
\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u8bba\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8868\u8ff0\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u6096\u8bba\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u6e34\u671b\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u524d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u5728\u6e32\u67d3\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u5371\u9669\u7684\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u4e43\u81f3\u53cd\u5bf9\u8981\u6c42\u5c3d\u5feb\u5f00\u653e\u515a\u7981\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u3002\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u8bba\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6574\u4f53\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u5927\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f7b\u5934\u5f7b\u5c3e\u7684\u8ff7\u68a6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8c8c\u4f3c\u5f00\u660e\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6709\u6bd2\u7d20\u7684\u8a00\u8bf4\u3002

\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>
  \u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u6cbb\u8fc8\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff08\u300a\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u300b1998\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff09
  \u6f58\u7ef4\u300a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u4f53\u300b\uff08\u300a\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u300b1999\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/strong><\/a> \u4e3b\u5f20\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u771f\u662f\u6570\u4e0d\u80dc\u6570\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u641c\u7d22\u4e00\u4e0b\u5c31\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u5217\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u522b\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u4e13\u8457\uff1a\u674e\u6cfd\u539a\u3001\u5218\u518d\u590d\uff0c\u300a\u544a\u522b\u9769\u547d\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u5929\u5730\u56fe\u4e66\uff0c1996\u5e74\uff09\uff1b\u6731\u5b66\u52e4\uff0c\u300a1998\u5e74\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8a00\u8bf4\u300b\uff081998\u5e7412\u6708\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u5468\u672b\u300b\uff0c\u540e\u6536\u5165\u51761999\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6587\u96c6\u300a\u4e66\u658b\u91cc\u7684\u9769\u547d\u300b\uff09\uff1b\u5f90\u6e58\u6797\uff0c\u300a\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e10\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u300b\uff08\u300a\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u300b\uff0c2000\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u6e10\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u515a\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u300b(\u4e2d\u4fe1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\u5e74)\uff1b\u4fde\u53ef\u5e73\uff0c\u300a\u589e\u91cf\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5584\u6cbb\u300b\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u4e1c\u897f\u300b\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006\u5e74\uff09\uff1b\u4f55\u589e\u79d1\uff0c\u300a\u6e10\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u300b\uff08\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u884c\u653f\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\u300b 2004\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff09\uff1b\u5468\u5929\u52c7\u3001\u738b\u957f\u6c5f\u3001\u738b\u5b89\u5cad\uff0c\u300a\u653b\u575a\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff08\u65b0\u7586\u5efa\u8bbe\u5175\u56e2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\u5e74\uff09\uff1b\u5468\u8235\uff0c\u300a\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u524d\u9014\u7684\u4e03\u4ef6\u5de5\u5177\u300b\uff08\u5728\u4e4c\u6709\u4e4b\u4e61\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c2008\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6e10\u8fdb\u3001\u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u300b\uff08\u300a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u6743\u300b\uff0c2008\u5e747\u6708\uff09\uff1b\u8427\u529f\u79e6\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u8f6c\u578b\u300b\uff08\u65b0\u661f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u8bd5\u9519\u4e2d\u524d\u884c\u300b\uff08\u65f6\u4ee3\u5468\u62a5\u8bbf\u8c08\u5f55\uff0c2009\u5e741\u6708\uff09\uff1b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/strong><\/a> \u5728\u6211\u5199\u4f5c\u300a\u5927\u8f6c\u578b\u300b\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u4e66\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u53cc\u5468\u520a\u300b\u5f00\u59cb\u8fde\u8f7d\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\u5bf9\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e3a\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u9f13\u5439\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u6df1\u3002\u5728\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u786e\u5177\u6709\u6f14\u8fdb\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5206\u5b50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7ed9\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u5e3d\u5b50\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u5feb\u5c31\u6162\u70b9\uff0c\u80fd\u5feb\u5c31\u5feb\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7206\u53d1\u5219\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/strong><\/a> \u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u8bba\u8ff0\u6216\u6d89\u53ca\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u8bb2\u6f14\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u6cbb\u8fc8\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff08\u300a\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u300b1998\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff09\u3001\u300a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6b63\u7edf\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff082002\u5e74\u5728\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u9996\u53d1\u4e2d\u8bc4\u7f51www.china-review.com\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6709\u6b65\u9aa4\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u2014\u2014\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u300b\uff08\u300a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u300b\u7b2c23\u671f\uff0c2008\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u300a\u5236\u5ea6\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u90fd\u5e02\u62a5\u300b2008\u5e745\u67084\u65e5\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u987e\u8083\u3001\u9ebb\u5b9d\u658c\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u987e\u8083\u300a\u8bba\u6cd5\u6cbb\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff08\u300a\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u300b2000\u5e743\u6708\uff09\u3001\u9ebb\u5b9d\u658c\u300a\u8bba\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u524d\u63d0\u300b\uff08\u300a\u5409\u6797\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2001\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\uff09\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4e24\u8005\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f5f\u5fb7\u5fd7\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7\u867d\u7136\u6709\u9057\u6f0f\u3001\u4f46\u6e05\u6670\u627c\u8981\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u4f5f\u5fb7\u5fd7\u300a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u6c11\u4e3b\u2014\u2014\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u300b\uff08\u300a\u6587\u53f2\u54f2\u300b2005\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/strong><\/a> \u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u6cbb\u8fc8\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff08\u300a\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u300b1998\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff09\u3002\u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5f3a\u8c03\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/strong><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/strong><\/a> \u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u300a\u5236\u5ea6\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u90fd\u5e02\u62a5\u300b2008\u5e745\u67084\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/strong><\/a> \u987e\u8083\u300a\u8bba\u6cd5\u6cbb\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff08\u300a\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u300b\uff0c\u603b\u7b2c82\u671f,2000. 3\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/strong><\/a> \u6f58\u7ef4\u300a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u4f53\u300b\uff08\u300a\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u300b1999\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u5728\u589e\u8865\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c2001\u5e74\u53c8\u4ee5\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8ff7\u4fe1\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u4f53\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u300b\u4e3a\u6807\u9898\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u5929\u6daf\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/strong><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> \u4f8b\u5982\u4f5f\u5fb7\u5fd7\u7684\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u53d8\u91cf\u300b\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u6ce2\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6cd5\u5236\uff0c\u662f\u88ab\u201c\u9609\u5272\u201d\u4e86\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5f52\u7ed3\u5230\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b98\u65b9\u91cd\u89c6\u6c11\u4e3b\u6cd5\u5236\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u79f0\u9882\u4e0a\u3002http:\/\/www.comment-cn.net\/politics\/democracy\/2007\/0107\/article_12906.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/strong><\/a> \u53c2\u89c1J\u00f8rgen M\u00f8ller: A Critical Note on \u201dThe Rise of Illiberal Democracy\u201d<\/em> ( Australian Journal of Political Science, September 2008)\u3002Illiberal democracy(\u76f4\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u201d)\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bb0\u8005\u83f2\u745e\u5fb7\u00b7\u624e\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\uff08Fareed Zakaria\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c1997\u5e74\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8bf4\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u6ce2\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u4e2d\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u662f\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3002\uff08Fareed Zakaria, The Rise of Illiberal Democracy<\/em>\uff0cForeign Affairs\uff0cVol.76, No.6, 1997\uff09\u3002\u83ab\u52d2\u6279\u8bc4\u8bf4\uff0c\u624e\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f53\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u201d\u3002\u83ab\u52d2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u624e\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.democracyweb.org\/rule\/singapore.php<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/strong><\/a> \u53c2\u89c1Gordon P. Means, Soft Authoritarianism in Malaysia and Singapore,<\/em> in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, Democracy in East Asia<\/em> (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998) \uff0c96-110\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/strong><\/a> \u6cd5\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u9648\u5fe0\u6797\u6839\u636e1999\u5e74\u52302003\u5e74\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\u548c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u4eba\u5927\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u4e3a1\/400\uff080.25%\uff09\uff1b\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u4e3a1\/200\uff080.5%\uff09\uff1b\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u4e3a1.5\/100\u3002\uff08\u9648\u5fe0\u6797\uff0c\u897f\u5357\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u5316\u8282\u5b66\u672f\u8bb2\u5ea7\u4e8c\uff1a\u201c\u6076\u6cd5\u975e\u6cd5\u201d\uff0chttp:\/\/law.xmu.edu.cn\/v.asp?t=xsbg&id=72\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f55\u6e05\u6d9f\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u9ad8\u4e00\u500d\uff0c\u800c\u804c\u5728\u60e9\u6cbb\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u5219\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u76846\u500d\u201d\uff08\u4f55\u6e05\u6d9f\u300a\u6539\u976930\u5e74\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7578\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u679c\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u300b2008\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

17\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6e10\u8fdb\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u4e49 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5462\uff1f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u505a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u754c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-17"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=160"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":161,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160\/revisions\/161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}