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\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/strong>
   \u80e1\u4f1f\u300a\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\uff08\u300a\u590d\u65e6\u5b66\u62a5(\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248)\u300b 1999 \u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff09\u3002
  \u8427\u529f\u79e6\u300a\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u201c\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u201d\u8bba\u300b\uff08\u300a\u6d59\u6c5f\u5b66\u520a\u300b2004\u5e7402\u671f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/strong><\/a> \u80e1\u4f1f\u300a\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\uff08\u300a\u590d\u65e6\u5b66\u62a5(\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248)\u300b 1999 \u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8427\u529f\u79e6\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c1998\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u80e1\u4f1f\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u4e0a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u201c\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9053\u8def\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\u72481999\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u590d\u65e6\u5b66\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/strong><\/a> \u8427\u529f\u79e6\u300a\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u201c\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u201d\u8bba\u300b\uff08\u300a\u6d59\u6c5f\u5b66\u520a\u300b2004\u5e7402\u671f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/strong><\/a> \u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u300a\u5168\u9762\u5efa\u8bbe\u5c0f\u5eb7\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e8b\u4e1a\u65b0\u5c40\u9762\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff082002\u5e7411\u67088\u65e5\uff0chttp:\/\/cpc.people.com.cn\/GB\/64162\/64168\/64569\/65444\/4429125.html\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/strong><\/a> \u4e25\u683c\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff1b\u515a\u653f\u5b98\u50da\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5927\u8001\u677f\u53ec\u96c6\u7684\u90e8\u5c5e\u3001\u804c\u5de5\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u53ec\u5f00\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u638c\u6743\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u7684\u88c5\u9970\uff1b\u4f46\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8bae\u4e8b\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u5173\u300270\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u96c6\u56e2\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8bf4\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e00\u518d\u8bf4\u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u96c6\u56e2\u6700\u53cd\u5bf9\u51fa\u73b0\u8bae\u4f1a\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4eba\u5927\uff0c\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u63a8\u884c\u4e00\u9879\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u66f4\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u865a\u7f6e\u5404\u7ea7\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u5927\u201d\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u4e0e\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u201d\u539f\u5219\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/strong><\/a> \u80e1\u4f1f\u300a\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\u3002\u80e1\u4f1f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5dee\u989d\u9009\u4e3e\u5e94\u7387\u5148\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u65f6\u5dee\u989d\u6bd4\u4f8b\u63d0\u9ad85%\u81f310%\uff0c\u201c\u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u719f\u65f6\u201d\u628a\u5dee\u989d\u9009\u4e3e\u6269\u5927\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u4e0e\u5e38\u59d4\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9010\u6b65\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u7701\u5e02\u4e0e\u57fa\u5c42\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u8427\u529f\u79e6\u300a\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u201c\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u201d\u8bba\u300b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/strong><\/a> \u53c2\u89c1\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u300a\u5168\u9762\u5efa\u8bbe\u5c0f\u5eb7\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e8b\u4e1a\u65b0\u5c40\u9762\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff1b\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u300a\u9ad8\u4e3e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f1f\u5927\u65d7\u5e1c \u4e3a\u593a\u53d6\u5168\u9762\u5efa\u8bbe\u5c0f\u5eb7\u793e\u4f1a\u65b0\u80dc\u5229\u800c\u594b\u6597\u2501\u2501\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/strong><\/a> \u9f13\u5439\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\uff0c\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u89c2\u6709\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5b98\u65b9\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5b8c\u5584\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6797\u5c1a\u7acb\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u6797\u5c1a\u7acb\u300a\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u53ca\u5176\u8fb9\u754c\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u4e8e\u300a\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u62a5\u300b2002\u5e741\u67087\u65e5\uff09\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u591a\u515a\u6c11\u4e3b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u515a\u591a\u6d3e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u957f\u8fdc\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u5927\u7684\u80e1\u4f1f\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u80e1\u4f1f\u300a\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\uff09\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\uff0c\u5c06\u53d1\u5c55\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u800c\u542f\u52a8\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/strong><\/a> \u81ea\u6c11\u515a\u867d\u7136\u957f\u671f\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u4f46\u65e5\u672c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u515a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u7684\u3002\u4ece1952\u5e74\u81f31993\u5e74\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u515a\u3001\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b49\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u5e2d\u4f4d\u603b\u6570\u90fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e8640%\u3002\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u515a\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4e0d\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u591a\u6570\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u57281994\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u662f\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5c0f\u515a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u6c11\u515a\u4e0d\u65ad\u7206\u51fa\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u4e11\u95fb\uff0c90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u53cd\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u65b0\u515a\u7b49\u653f\u515a\u30021993\u5e74\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u7684\u5e2d\u4f4d\u603b\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8d85\u8fc7\u81ea\u6c11\u515a\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\uff08\u53c2\u89c1Alan Ware\uff0cPolitical Parties and Party Systems(Oxford University Press,1996),pp.240-241, pp.396-397\u3002\uff09\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u65e5\u672c\u6b63\u5728\u5411\u4e24\u515a\u5236\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/strong><\/a> Cheng Li\uff0cIntra-Party Democracy in China: Should We Take It Seriously?\uff08http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/papers\/2009\/fall_china_democracy_li.aspx\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e03\u9c81\u91d1\u65af\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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