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30.2 \u4e0d\u53ef\u9519\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u987a\u5e8f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u6848\u4f8b\u9610\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u5168\u56fd\u9009\u4e3e\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u7701\u7ea7\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e45\u5458\u5e7f\u5927\u3001\u6709\u5206\u88c2\u5371\u9669\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u2014\u2014\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

31\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6027<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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31.1 \u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u56de\u987e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5f15\u8fdb\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u5b89\u6392\u3001\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6210\u529f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u201c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u5904\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u3001\u6295\u7968\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u201c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eab\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u6784\u201d[xv]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002
\u7531\u4e8e\u65f6\u673a\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u628a\u63e1\u5f97\u5f53\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8f6c\u578b\u65e2\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e86\u65cf\u7fa4\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u53c8\u91cd\u5efa\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u548c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u8c01\u60f3\u89e3\u4f53\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u52a0\u5267\u65cf\u7fa4\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u8bdd\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u6700\u4f73\uff08\u9009\u4e3e\uff09\u987a\u5e8f\u201d[xvi]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u89e3\u4f53\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6539\u9769\u592a\u5feb\u3001\u592a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5047\u5b9a\u201c\u6162\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7a33\u7684\u201d\u7684\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u5176\u8f6c\u578b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u6218\u7565\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/strong>
\u80e1\u5b89\u00b7\u6797\u8328\u3001\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u83b1\u5fb7\u00b7\u65af\u6cf0\u6f58\u8457\uff0c\u5b59\u9f99\u7b49\u8bd1\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u5de9\u56fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5357\u6b27\u3001\u5357\u7f8e\u548c\u540e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b27\u6d32\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff08\u897f\u73ed\u7259\uff0c103-111\u9875\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae0\uff08\u82cf\u8054\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff0c366-417\u9875\uff09\uff1b
J. Linz and A. Stepan, Political Identities and Electoral Sequences: Spain, Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia \uff08Daedalus, Spring 1992 , pp.. 123-39\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[i]<\/a> \u572870\u5e74\u672b\u300180\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u96c6\u56e2\u5f00\u59cb\u5021\u5bfc\u201c\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u201c\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u4f53\u5236\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u201d\u3001\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u67d0\u4e9b\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\uff08\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1984\u5e74\uff09\uff1b\u8521\u7ee7\u660e\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e30\u5e74\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6210\u679c\uff1a\u4ece\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5230\u5236\u5ea6\u521b\u65b0\u300b\uff08http:\/\/is.gd\/dWQbJ<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[ii]<\/a>\u53c2\u89c1\u5468\u5929\u52c7\u7b49\u300a\u653b\u575a\u2014\u2014\u5341\u4e03\u5927\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u7b2c4\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[iii]<\/a>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u3001\u4fde\u53ef\u5e73\u3001\u5f20\u535a\u6811\u3001\u5468\u8235\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9009\u4e3e\u5e94\u8be5\u81ea\u4e0b\u81f3\u4e0a\u9010\u6b65\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u9996\u5148\u662f\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ece\u5efa\u7acb\u5b89\u5b9a\u7684\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u7acb\u5373\u5b9e\u884c\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u8896\u7684\u76f4\u9009\u548c\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u666e\u9009\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u5b9e\u8df5\u5df2\u7ecf\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u66f4\u73b0\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u8fd1\u671f\u628a\u884c\u653f\u9996\u8111\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u4e3e\u4ece\u6751\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6269\u5927\u5230\u4e61\u9547\u4e43\u81f3\u53bf\u5e02\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u4e3e\u4ece\u53bf\u6269\u5927\u5230\u7701\u3001\u76f4\u8f96\u5e02\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6001\u548c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6b63\u7edf\u5316\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u673a\u5236\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6839\u672c\u6027\u53d8\u201d\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u6cbb\u8fc8\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff09\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u62111997\u5e74\u5728\u72f1\u4e2d\u4e0a\u4e66\u4eba\u5927\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u957f\u4e54\u77f3\u4e5f\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u53cd\u5bf9\u9996\u5148\u5f00\u653e\u5168\u56fd\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0b\u81f3\u4e0a\u9010\u7ea7\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u59a5 (\u53c2\u89c1\u738b\u5929\u6210\u300a\u72f1\u4e2d\u6587\u5b58\u56db\u7bc7\u300b\uff0c\u539f\u8f7d\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u4e4b\u6625\u300b99\u5e742\u6708\u53f7\uff0chttp:\/\/is.gd\/eLNee\uff09\u3002\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u5730\u57df\u8303\u56f4\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u4ece\u5c0f\u81f3\u5927\u624d\u662f\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u3002\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90a3\u662f\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u3001\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8d28\u7591\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[iv]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1J. Linz and A. Stepan, Political Identities and Electoral Sequences: Spain, Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia \uff08Daedalus, Spring 1992 , pp.. 123-39\uff09\uff1bProblems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation\uff0cpp.87-115, pp. 366-400\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[v]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1 Stanley Payne\uff1a Catalan and Basque Nationalism<\/em>\uff08<\/em> Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1971)\uff1bManuel Romero Carril\uff1aBasque Nationalism:History,Roots and Possible Solutions<\/em>\uff08U.S. Army War College Strategy Research Project\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[VI]<\/a>\u53c2\u89c1STANLEYPAYNE\uff1aCATALANANDBASQUENATIONALISM\uff1bPAULPRESTON\uff1aTHETRIUMPHOFDEMOCRACYINSPAIN\uff08ROUTLEDGE\uff0c1987),PP.132-144\uff1b\u6797\u8fbe\u300a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u662f\u600e\u6837\u89e3\u51b3\u52a0\u6cf0\u7f57\u5c3c\u4e9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u300b\uff08\u300a\u5171\u8bc6\u7f51\u300b\uff0c2010-05-27\uff09\u3002<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

[vii]<\/a> \u6700\u521d\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u653f\u515a\u4e4b\u5217\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u5916\u662f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u82cf\u4e9a\u96f7\u65af\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u79d8\u5bc6\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u627f\u8bfa\u5c06\u627f\u8ba4\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u201c\u7ea2-\u9ec4-\u7ea2\u201d\u56fd\u65d7\u3001\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u9879\u672a\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u82cf\u4e9a\u96f7\u65af\u9876\u7740\u519b\u65b9\u7684\u538b\u529b\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3002Paul Preston \uff1aThe Triumph of Democracy in Spain<\/em>\uff0cp114\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[viii]<\/a>\u53c2\u89c1J. Linz and A. Stepan, Political Identities and Electoral Sequences: Spain, Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia\uff1bProblems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation\uff0cpp.98-101\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[ix]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[x]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1J. Linz and A. Stepan\uff1aProblems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation\uff0cpp.99-101\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xi]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1Paul Preston \uff1aThe Triumph of Democracy in Spain\uff0cpp.124-159\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xii]<\/a> J. Linz and A. Stepan, Political Identities and Electoral Sequences: Spain, Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xiii]<\/a> \u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u53d8\u7684\u5371\u9669\u4e00\u76f4\u8426\u7ed5\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u4e0a\u7a7a\u3002\u519b\u65b9\u4e0d\u5c11\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c06\u9886\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5f17\u6717\u54e5\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff08Francoist\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8f6c\u578b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u9996\u76f8\u82cf\u4e9a\u96f7\u65af\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u548c\u5df4\u65af\u514b\u5730\u533a\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6050\u6016\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c1981\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u653f\u53d8\u7ec8\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u53d8\u5c31\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002\u5047\u5982\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u9009\u62e9\u5931\u8bef\u3001\u5bfc\u81f4\u533a\u57df\u653f\u6743\u5bf9\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6743\u6784\u6210\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u653f\u53d8\u4e5f\u8bb8\u65e9\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u8d62\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xiv]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1Paul Preston \uff1aThe Triumph of Democracy in Spain\uff0cpp.124-159\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xv]<\/a> J. Linz and A. Stepan\uff1aProblems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation\uff0cp99\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xvi]<\/a> J. Linz and A. Stepan,\uff1aPolitical Identities and Electoral Sequences: Spain, Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

30\u3001\u4ece\u201c\u6539\u9769\u201d\u5230\u201c\u8f6c\u578b\u201d 30.1\u201c\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8df3\u8dc3\u201d 2009\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u6211\u5e94\u9080\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u4e00\u6279\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u505a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-17"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=176"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":177,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176\/revisions\/177"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}