\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u542f\u52a8\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6e05\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5f25\u6f2b\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u7684\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d70\u5411\u591a\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u5168\u56fd\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u4e3e\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u66f4\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6781\u5927\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u201d [i]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>\u3002\u4e8e\u5efa\u5d58\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u57f9\u517b\u4f53\u5236\u5916\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6495\u88c2\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u65e2\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u201d[ii]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u738b\u529b\u96c4\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u2018\u4e71\u2019\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u542f\u52a8\u897f\u5f0f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u968f\u4e4b\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u8206\u8bba\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u4f7f\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u5168\u9762\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u201d[iii]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5468\u8235\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u9053\u8def\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u82e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d70\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8def\uff0c\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5c06\u66f4\u5927\u201d[iv]<\/strong><\/a>\uff1b\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u201c\u6e10\u8fdb\u3001\u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u53ef\u63a7\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\u3001\u5927\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\u6027\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u548c\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u3001\u975e\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\u3001\u5c0f\u4f17\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5e94\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5219\u4e0d\u59a8\u968f\u7740\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6210\u719f\u9010\u6b65\u653e\u5bbd\u9650\u5236\u201d[v]<\/strong><\/a> \u3002\u5468\u5929\u52c7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ece\u4ee5\u540e\u653f\u515a\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u6539\u9769\u770b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u58ee\u5927\u5176\u4ed6\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u515a\u6d3e\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u515a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u610f\u56fe\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u515a\u5236\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6210\u672c\u90fd\u76f8\u5f53\u9ad8\u6602\uff0c\u98ce\u9669\u4e5f\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u201d\uff1b[vi]<\/strong><\/a>\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u3001\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u90a3\u79cd\u4e00\u63fd\u5b50\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u201c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u6539\u9769\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e5f\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u628a\u63e1\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u548c\u632b\u6298\u201d[vii]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u8427\u529f\u79e6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5f88\u53cd\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u65f6\u673a\u8fd8\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6ca1\u5230\u201d[viii]<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u201c\u5feb\u901f\u5927\u5e45\u63a8\u8fdb\u2018\u591a\u5143\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u2019\u201d\uff0c\u4f1a\u201c\u4f7f\u957f\u671f\u79ef\u805a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u591a\u7c73\u8bfa\u9aa8\u724c\u4e00\u6837\u5f15\u8d77\u8fde\u9501\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u5e76\u5982\u51b3\u5824\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u541e\u566c\u6b8b\u5b58\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u9677\u5165\u4e71\u4e16\u5f0f\u7684\u516d\u9053\u8f6e\u8fe5\u201d\u3002[ix]<\/strong><\/a>\u6f58\u7ef4\u8bf4:\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ed9\u4e86\u2018\u4eba\u6c11\u2019\u5145\u5206\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u2026\u2026\u5374\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u56db\u5206\u4e94\u88c2\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9677\u5165\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u56de\u5230\u975e\u6c11\u9009\u9886\u8896\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u5236\u201d,\u201c\u5b83\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u800c\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u6bc1\u503e\u5411\u3002\u8fd9\u4ea6\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u4f17\u591a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff1a\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u4e13\u5236\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u652f\u6491\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u957f\u671f\u9762\u4e34\u5931\u5e8f\u5371\u9669\u3002\u201d [x]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fc7\u5206\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5f53\u4eca\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u7d2f\u79ef\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u77db\u76fe\u90fd\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5c0f\u6539\u5c0f\u9769\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u7f13\u89e3\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6ce2\u666e\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u67b6\u6784\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3001\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u624d\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684[xviii]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002 [i]<\/a>\u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u6cbb\u8fc8\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff08\u300a\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u300b1998\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff09\u3002\u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5f3a\u8c03\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5148\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n [ii]<\/a> \u4e8e\u5efa\u5d58\u300a\u5efa\u201c\u6a44\u6984\u578b\u201d\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u9700\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u300b\uff08\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u5148\u9a71\u5bfc\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\uff12\uff10\uff11\uff10\uff0d\uff14\uff0d\uff11\uff19\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n [iii]<\/a>\u738b\u529b\u96c4\u300a\u9012\u8fdb\u6c11\u4e3b\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u9053\u8def\u300b\u3002\u8be5\u4e662007\u5e7410\u6708\u7531\u9999\u6e2f\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u9875\u7801\u7f16\u6392\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7248\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u5176\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n [iv]<\/a>\u67f4\u5b50\u6587\u300a\u516d\u56db\u51cc\u6668\u7684\u96fe\u4e0e\u7535\u2014\u2014\u4e13\u8bbf\u516d\u56db\u300c\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u56db\u541b\u5b50\u300d\u4e4b\u4e00\u5468\u8235\u300b\uff08\u300a\u4e9a\u6d32\u5468\u520a\u300b\uff0c2009-06-14\uff09\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n [v]<\/a> \u5468\u8235\u300a\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u524d\u9014\u7684\u4e03\u4ef6\u5de5\u5177\u300b\uff082008\u5e7411\u6708\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n [vi]<\/a>\u8bb0\u8005\u5085\u5251\u950b\u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u6821\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4\u63d0\u4ea4\u653f\u6539\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff08\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u5468\u672b\u300b\uff0c2006-06-29\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n [vii]<\/a>\u8bb0\u8005\u9a6c\u56fd\u5ddd\u300a\u5468\u5929\u52c7\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u4f53\u65b9\u6848\u300b\uff08\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c2\u5bdf\u62a5\u300b2008\u5e7403\u670802\u65e5\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n [viii]<\/a>\u8427\u529f\u79e6\u300a\u6539\u9769\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u8bd5\u9519\u4e2d\u524d\u884c\u300b\uff08\u65f6\u4ee3\u5468\u520a\u8bbf\u8c08\u5f55\uff0c2009\u5e741\u6708\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n [ix]<\/a>\u8427\u529f\u79e6\u300a\u8d70\u5411\u65b0\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u4e0e\u6311\u6218\u300b\uff08http:\/\/is.gd\/fCBU2\uff0c2001\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n [x]<\/a>\u6f58\u7ef4\u300a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u4f53\u300b\uff08\u300a\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u300b1999\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\uff09\u3002\u5f15\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u4e3b\u5236\u201d\u7cfb\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u672f\u8bedautocracy, \u51c6\u786e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201c\u72ec\u88c1\u5236\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6f58\u7ef4\u8981\u523b\u610f\u907f\u8bb3\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ece\u6784\u8bcd\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bd1\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u6587\u8bfb\u8005\u83ab\u540d\u5176\u5999\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u4e3b\u5236\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba8\u8bba\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u8fde\u201c\u72ec\u88c1\u5236\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u6cd5\u90fd\u8981\u523b\u610f\u907f\u8bb3\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u5176\u8a00\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xi]<\/a>\u738b\u529b\u96c4\u300a\u9012\u8fdb\u6c11\u4e3b\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u9053\u8def\u300b\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u7248\uff09\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xii]<\/a> Lord Hugh Cecil: Conservatism, p.9 (Williams and Norgate).<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xiii]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6587\u9009\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\u201c\u65d7\u5e1c\u5ba3\u660e\u5730\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u201d\uff081986\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u90fd\u5e72\u4e0d\u6210\u201d\uff081987\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u201c\u538b\u5012\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\uff081989\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u8bb8\u4e71\u201d\uff081989\u5e74\uff09\u7b49\u8bb2\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xiv]<\/a> \u300a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6587\u9009\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377285\u9875\uff08\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xv]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1Guillermo O\u2019Donnell and Philipp. C. Schmitter\uff1aTransitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies.pp.49-53.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xvi]<\/a>\u53c2\u89c1Paul Preston \uff1aThe Triumph of Democracy in Spain\uff0cpp.91-159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xviii]<\/a> Karl Popper: Open Society and its Enemies, Vol. I\u540c\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0cp110\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xix]<\/a> Stephen Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman: The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions. pp.32-39.(Princeton University Press, 1995)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u4e8e\u5efa\u5d58\u300a\u5efa\u201c\u6a44\u6984\u578b\u201d\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u9700\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u300b\uff08\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u5148\u9a71\u5bfc\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\uff12\uff10\uff11\uff10\uff0d\uff14\uff0d\uff11\uff19\uff09
\u8427\u529f\u79e6\u300a\u8f6c\u578b\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u300b\uff08\u300a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u300b\uff08\u53cc\u6708\u520a\uff092008\/4\u6708\u53f7\uff0c\u603b\u7b2c21\u671f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n[XVII]<\/a>\u8427\u529f\u79e6\u300a\u8f6c\u578b\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u300b\uff08\u300a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u300b\uff08\u53cc\u6708\u520a\uff092008\/4\u6708\u53f7\uff0c\u603b\u7b2c21\u671f\uff09\u3002<\/h2>\n\n\n\n