{"id":190,"date":"2022-11-03T19:27:20","date_gmt":"2022-11-03T11:27:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ifcdt.450001.net\/?p=190"},"modified":"2022-11-03T19:27:21","modified_gmt":"2022-11-03T11:27:21","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%e8%8a%82-%e4%bb%8e%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e5%8c%96%e5%bc%80%e5%a7%8b%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=190","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u8282 \u4ece\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u5f00\u59cb\uff08\u4e0b\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

39\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u81ea\u7531\u72b6\u51b5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u8fd9\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5411\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u653f\u4f53\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\uff1f\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u5b83\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff08totalitarian regime\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u8bf4\u662f\u540e\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684(post-totalitarian regime)\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u662f\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684(authoritarian regime) \u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6797\u8328\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u51e0\u4e4e\u94f2\u9664\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u201c\u540e\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u5b98\u65b9\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6587\u5316\uff08second culture\uff09\u3002\u201c\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u5448\u73b0\u6709\u9650\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8d23\u4efb\u653f\u6cbb\u3002[ii]<\/strong><\/a>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u4e5f\u4ee5\u201c\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6cdb\u6307\u6240\u6709\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u3002
\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u4eca\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u4f53\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u517c\u5177\u540e\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6742\u4ea4\u653f\u4f53\uff08hybrid regime\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u5143\u5316\u3002
\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4e5f\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6742\u4ea4\u653f\u4f53\uff0c\u5bf9\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7b80\u7565\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ee5\u8d44\u5bf9\u7167\u3002\u572850\u300160\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u6ce2\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5b9e\u884c\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u6709\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u7684\u591a\u515a\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u5374\u88ab\u79cd\u79cd\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u65b9\u5f0f\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u6c11\u4e3b\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u5a01\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6742\u4ea4\u653f\u4f53\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u5217\u7ef4\u65af\u57fa\uff08Steven Levitsky \uff09\u3001\u9c81\u900a\u00b7\u7ef4\uff08 Lucan A. Way\uff09\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u201d\uff08competitive authoritarian regime\uff09[iii]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u9a6c\u62c9\u897f\u4e9a\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0886\u5e74\u524d\u515a\u5916\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\u671f\uff09\u3001\u6cf0\u56fd\uff082005\u5e74\u540e\uff09\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff08\u53f6\u5229\u94a6\u4e4b\u540e\uff09\u3001\u963f\u585e\u62dc\u7586\u3001\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3001\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\uff0804\u5e74\u6a59\u8272\u9769\u547d\u524d\uff09\u3001\u683c\u9c81\u5409\u4e9a\uff0803\u5e74\u73ab\u7470\u9769\u547d\u524d\uff09\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u80af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3001\u585e\u5185\u52a0\u5c14\u3001\u7ea6\u65e6\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u201d\u3002
\u4e0e\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u5217\u7ef4\u65af\u57fa\u3001\u9c81\u900a\u00b7\u7ef4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u62c9\u91cc\u00b7\u6234\u8499\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u6742\u4ea4\u653f\u4f53\u6309\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a\u201c\u6a21\u7cca\u653f\u4f53\u201d\uff08ambiguous regime\uff09\u3001\u201c\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9738\u6743\u6027\u9009\u4e3e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u201d\uff08hegemonic electoral authoritarian\uff09\u3002\u9664\u6742\u4ea4\u653f\u4f53\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u201d\uff08politically closed regime\uff09\u3002\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u670925\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u5728\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u4e3a\u7b2c6\u7ea7\u81f3\u7b2c7\u7ea7\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u5904\u4e8e\u7b2c7\u7ea7\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e3a15\u4e2a\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u663e\u8d6b\u7684\u4e00\u5458[iv]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002
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\u7531\u4e8e\u603b\u7b97\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6b63\u597d\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u4e9b\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u80c3\u53e3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4eec\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u8d70\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u7cbe\u795e\u6c14\u8d28\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e09\u79cd\u524d\u666f\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ece\u5b8c\u5168\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u524d\u666f\u4e0d\u660e\u3001\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u50cf\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u90a3\u6837\u89e3\u4f53\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u5bf9\u4ece\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u8fc7\u6e21\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u8282\u594f\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0a\u51e0\u8282\u505a\u4e00\u5c0f\u7ed3\u3002

\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a
Juan Linz: Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes.pp.5-7, pp.65-70; 159-165.\uff08Lynne Rienner Publishers,2000\uff09\u3002
Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way: The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism( Journal of Democracy Volume 13, Number 2 April 2002)
Larry Diamond:\u201cThinking about Hybrid Regimes\u201d( Journal of Democracy Volume 13, Number 2 April 2002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[i]<\/a>\u53c2\u89c1\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u5bb62009\u5e74\u5ea6\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff1aFreedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political and Civil Rights\u3002http:\/\/www.freedomhouse.org\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[ii]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1Juan Linz and A. Stepan\uff1aProblems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation\uff0cpp.38-43\uff1bJuan Linz: Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes.pp.5-7, pp.65-70; 159-165.\uff08Lynne Rienner Publishers,2000\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[iii]<\/a> Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way: The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism( Journal of Democracy Volume 13, Number 2 April 2002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[iv]<\/a> Larry Diamond:\u201cThinking about Hybrid Regimes\u201d( Journal of Democracy Volume 13, Number 2 April 2002)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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