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    \u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u89c1\u5230\u65cf\u7fa4\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5230\u4e861989\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9762\u5bf9\u98ce\u96e8\u6b32\u6765\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u5206\u79bb\u60c5\u7eea\u4e86\u3002[vi]<\/strong><\/a>1989\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u82cf\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5728\u4e00\u518d\u5ef6\u8fdf\u540e\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u4e13\u95e8\u8ba8\u8bba\u65cf\u7fa4\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5168\u4f1a\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u8fc7\u53bb\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u90a6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u884c\u82cf\u5171\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u5236\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5374\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6743\u3002\u82cf\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5168\u4f1a\u68c0\u8ba8\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u82cf\u5171\u6839\u636e\u5baa\u6cd5\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u9886\u5bfc\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u60df\u4e00\u5408\u6cd5\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4e88\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u90a6\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u4fbf\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5168\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u6839\u636e\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u539f\u5219\u6539\u9020\u82cf\u5171\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u516c\u62a5\u4e2d\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u8054\u90a6\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u82cf\u5171\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u662f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u201d[vii]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5168\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u7f13\u89e3\u800c\u662f\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u575a\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u90a6\u8d70\u5411\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u3001\u57c3\u8428\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3001\u62c9\u8131\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4e09\u4e2a\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u975e\u6cd5\u7eb3\u5165\u7248\u56fe\u7684\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u5171\u548c\u90a6[viii]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u5168\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8d77\u8349\u65b0\u7684\u8054\u76df\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u603b\u662f\u843d\u540e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u6001\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002
    \u201c\u8bb8\u591a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u540e\u6765\u60cb\u60dc\u9053\uff0c\u5982\u679c1989\u5e74\u80fd\u4e3a\u5404\u5171\u548c\u90a6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u3001\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u5fc3\u5b58\u611f\u6fc0\u5730\u4e88\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u90a3\u79cd\u521a\u9732\u5934\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8bf4\u80fd\u8bf4\u5f97\u51c6\u5462\uff1f\u201d    [ix]<\/strong><\/a>
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    1991\u5e748\u670819\u65e5\u653f\u53d8\u540e\u7684\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u4e0e\u53f6\u5229\u94a6

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      \n
    1. \u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u7acb\u5baa\u6d3e\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u613f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u7763\u629a\u3001\u6ee1\u6e05\u8d35\u65cf\u4e5f\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u8d44\u653f\u9662\u4ea6\u594f\u8bf7\u901f\u5f00\u56fd\u4f1a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f7d\u6ca3\u867d\u7136\u52c9\u5f3a\u540c\u610f\u5c069\u5e74\u9884\u5907\u671f\u7f29\u77ed\u4e3a6\u5e74\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7981\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bf7\u613f\u3001\u4e0b\u4ee4\u53d6\u7f14\u8bf7\u613f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u6392\u6c49\u3001\u6536\u6743\u3001\u4e00\u6b21\u6b21\u8bf7\u613f\u5374\u6362\u6765\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7acb\u5baa\u6d3e\u5bf9\u6539\u9769\u7684\u524d\u666f\u9677\u5165\u6781\u5ea6\u7684\u5931\u671b\u3001\u7591\u8651\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u540c\u60c5\u9769\u547d\u751a\u81f3\u652f\u6301\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      \u7531\u4e8e\u89c1\u8bc6\u6240\u9650\u548c\u6743\u529b\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u665a\u6e05\u5949\u884c\u7684\u662f\u201c\u5148\u5c40\u90e8\u540e\u6574\u4f53\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4ece\u5916\u56f4\u5230\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u3001\u5c06\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5230\u6700\u540e\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u6218\u7565\u3002\u54a8\u8bae\u5c40\u7684\u5148\u884c\u7b79\u529e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6218\u7565\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u54a8\u8bae\u5c40\u57281909\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u7acb\u5baa\u6d3e\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u4f9d\u9644\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u52a8\u5458\u80fd\u529b\u5927\u5927\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u800c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6148\u79a7\u3001\u5149\u7eea\u7684\u671d\u5ef7\u5374\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u66f4\u52a0\u865a\u5f31\u3002\u8f7d\u6ca3\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u624b\u8155\u4e0a\u8fdc\u900a\u4e8e\u6148\u79a7\uff0c\u89c1\u8bc6\u3001\u80f8\u895f\u4e0a\u5219\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u53ca\u5149\u7eea\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u5c06\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u7687\u65cf\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6795\u65e0\u5fe7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u5f62\u52bf\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u5728\u5411\u540e\u5012\u9000\u3002\u4ed6\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u548c\u652f\u6301\u8005\u2014\u2014\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u7acb\u5baa\u6d3e\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. \u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u9c81\u83bd\u5730\u5ba3\u5e03\u201c\u94c1\u8def\u5e72\u7ebf\u56fd\u6709\u653f\u7b56\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u5ddd\u6c49\u3001\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u5f3a\u884c\u6536\u4e3a\u201c\u56fd\u6709\u201d\uff0c\u7acb\u5baa\u6d3e\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4fdd\u8def\u8fd0\u52a8\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u60ca\u6050\u7684\u671d\u5ef7\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5ba3\u5e03\u53d6\u6d88\u7687\u65cf\u5185\u9601\u3001\u901f\u5f00\u56fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u5306\u5fd9\u8d77\u8349\u3001\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u541b\u6743\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u5341\u4e5d\u4fe1\u6761\u300b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u592a\u665a\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c14\u4e2a\u7701\u54a8\u8bae\u5c40\u5ba3\u5e03\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u8f6c\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5e38\u5e8f\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u81f3\u6b64\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u975e\u5e38\u5e8f\u7684\u4ea4\u53e0\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        \u674e\u5251\u519c\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b66\u660c\u9996\u4e49\u524d3\u5e74\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u9677\u5165\u82e6\u5883\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u9884\u5907\u7acb\u5baa\u52a8\u6447\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u201c\u76f4\u5230\u7687\u65cf\u5185\u9601\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u624d\u6709\u51e0\u5206\u89c9\u609f\u201d[xx]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u5728\u300a\u4e3a\u56fd\u4f1a\u671f\u9650\u95ee\u9898\u8b66\u544a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bf8\u516c\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6570\u5e74\u524d\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u8bf4\u904d\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u9884\u5907\u7acb\u5baa\u4e4b\u8bcf\u65e2\u9881\uff0c\u4e43\u5982\u6c64\u6c83\u96ea\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6073\u5207\u3001\u7126\u8651\u5730\u529d\u544a\u6267\u638c\u6743\u67c4\u7684\u4eba\u901f\u5f00\u56fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4f7f\u201c\u524d\u6b21\u4e00\u7ebf\u4e4b\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u590d\u6c38\u65ad\u7edd\u201d[xxi]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002
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        \u987a\u4fbf\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u201c\u5047\u5982\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u9050\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u6e05\u671d\u9884\u5907\u7acb\u5baa\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u82f1\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u5fb7\u56fd\u65e5\u672c\u90a3\u6837\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u5fb7\u56fd\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u5fb7\u56fd\u65e5\u672c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u88ab\u5f3a\u8feb\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u3002
        \u6e05\u671d\u542f\u52a8\u9884\u5907\u7acb\u5baa5\u5e74\u591a\u540e\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5f00\u59cb\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u97694\u5e74\u591a\u540e\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f00\u59cb\u6539\u9769\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6743\u529b\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8003\u8651\u548c\u89c1\u8bc6\u3001\u5fc3\u80f8\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5230\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u98ce\u96e8\u98d8\u6447\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u5bf9\u5371\u673a\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u5feb\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u6240\u629b\u5f03\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u665a\u6e05\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u6539\u9769\u6240\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6539\u9769\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u96be\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5bbd\u677e\u4e86\u3001\u538b\u8feb\u51cf\u8f7b\u4e86\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u8db3\u3001\u9886\u60c5\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u8fc7\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u59cb\u7ec8\u6ce8\u610f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e3b\u52a8\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u53d7\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u505c\u5728\u539f\u5730\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u4f1a\u6fc0\u8d77\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u539f\u56e0\u65f6\u6240\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fc7\u53bb\u65e0\u6cd5\u9003\u907f\u800c\u88ab\u8010\u5fc3\u5730\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u90aa\u6076\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u6446\u8131\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4fbf\u663e\u5f97\u518d\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e86\u3002\u5df2\u7ecf\u9769\u9664\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u5c06\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u51f8\u73b0\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u90aa\u6076\u786e\u5b9e\u5df2\u7ecf\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5374\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u663e\u4e86\u3002\u201d        [xxiv]<\/strong><\/a>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6b64\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u7acb\u5373\u3001\u5f7b\u5e95\u6446\u8131\u538b\u8feb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6000\u7591\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8bda\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6539\u9769\u7684\u524d\u666f\u53d8\u5f97\u6697\u6de1\u3001\u6e3a\u832b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u64a4\u56de\u5bf9\u6539\u9769\u8005\u7684\u652f\u6301[xxv]<\/strong><\/a>\u3002
        \u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u574f\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u6539\u9769\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u66f4\u4f4e
        \u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u4e3b\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6700\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5584\u826f\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u5374\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8d77\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e0b\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5206\u88c2\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u3001\u665a\u6e05\u5728\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u524d\u666f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u6709\u7740\u590d\u6742\u65cf\u7fa4\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u8282\u594f\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7c7b\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u662f\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\uff1a\u5728\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u9009\u62e9\u6539\u9769\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u957f\u671f\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u6216\u5012\u9000\u3002
        \u6211\u540e\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u52a8\u529b\u673a\u5236\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8c08\u5230\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u6ce2\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u8f6c\u578b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e0b\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8f6c\u578b\u4e2d\u8d77\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u662f\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u6297\u4e89\u3002\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e0b\u6539\u9769\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ca\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u6297\u4e89\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e0b\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8f6c\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e7\u52bf\u529b\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e0b\u6539\u9769\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u5360\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\u3002

        \u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/strong>
        \u6881\u542f\u8d85\u300a\u8bba\u653f\u5e9c\u963b\u6320\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e4b\u975e\u300b\uff081910\u5e74\uff09,\u5f20\u54c1\u5174\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u5168\u96c6\u300b
        Paul Preston\uff1aThe Triumph of Democracy in Spain\uff08Routledge, 1987),   pp.93-9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n\n

        [i]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1Paul Preston \uff1aThe Triumph of Democracy in Spain\uff08Routledge\uff0c1987), pp.93-9\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [ii]<\/a>\u82cf\u4e9a\u96f7\u65af\uff08Suares\uff09\u9996\u76f8\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u79d8\u5bc6\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u627f\u8bfa\u5c06\u627f\u8ba4\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u201c\u7ea2-\u9ec4-\u7ea2\u201d\u56fd\u65d7\u3001\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u9879\u672a\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [iii]<\/a> \u8f6c\u5f15\u81eaJuan Linz and Alfred Stepan: Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation\uff0cp93\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [iv]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [v]<\/a>\u53c2\u89c1\u5c0f\u6770\u514b\u00b7F\u00b7\u9a6c\u7279\u6d1b\u514b\u8457\u3001\u5434\u4e43\u534e\u7b49\u8bd1\u300a\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u4eb2\u5386\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c389-391\u9875\uff08\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1996\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5728\u82cf\u805415\u4e2a\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u90a6\u5fe0\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u53e3\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u5360\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6309\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u4e3e\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8c01\u8d62\u5f97\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff0c\u8c01\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f53\u9009\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u76f4\u9009\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u90a6\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u5728\u591a\u6570\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u90a6\u8d62\u5f97\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5f53\u9009\u3002\u57281989\u5e74\u30011990\u5e74\u521d\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u90a6\u4e00\u7ea7\u7ade\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6216\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u7b497\u4e2a\u5171\u548c\u90a6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u8981\u5728\u8fd97\u4e2a\u90a6\u7ade\u9009\u5c06\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ca\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u6743\u53d8\u9769\u6ede\u540e\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u88c2\u53d8\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u56fd\u5c06\u4e0d\u56fd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u5e94\u8be5\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u6743\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u56de\u907f\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5230\u5404\u8054\u76df\u5171\u548c\u90a6\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\u95f4\u53bb\u7ade\u9009\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u9519\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c11\u5efa\u7acb\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u91cd\u5efa\u82cf\u8054\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [vi]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u4e66297-298\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [vii]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u4e66297\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [viii]<\/a> \u7f8e\u56fd\u5f53\u65f6\u9a7b\u82cf\u8054\u5927\u4f7f\u9a6c\u7279\u6d1b\u514b\u300a\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u4eb2\u5386\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7531\u7ed3\u679c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4e5d\u6708\u4efd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5168\u4f1a\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u2018\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u2019\u51b3\u8bae\u548c8\u6708\u4efd\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u662f\u523a\u6fc0\u800c\u975e\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u6cbf\u5cb8\u4e09\u56fd\u3002\u4e09\u56fd\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u79cb\u5b63\u548c\u51ac\u5b63\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u201d\u3002\u540c\u4e0a\u4e66308\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [ix]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u4e66301\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [x]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u4e66339\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xi]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u4e66490\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xii]<\/a>\u4e0d\u5c11\u8bba\u8005\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u5730\u770b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u5730\u5c06\u201c\u957f\u671f\u4e13\u5236\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u665a\u6e05\u7684\u9884\u5907\u7acb\u5baa\u671f\u662f\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u3001\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b97\u6162\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5065\u5168\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u573a\u666f\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u4eba\u4efb\u4f55\u6559\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xiii]<\/a>\u96f7\u9890\u300a\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u662f\u88ab\u903c\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u300b\uff08\u300a\u73af\u7403\u65f6\u62a5\u300b2011-10-12 10:01\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xiv]<\/a>\u6545\u5bab\u535a\u7269\u9662\u660e\u6e05\u6321\u6848\u90e8\u7f16\u300a\u6e05\u672b\u7b79\u5907\u7acb\u5baa\u6863\u6848\u53f2\u6599\u300b\u7b2c61-67\u9875\uff08\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1979\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xv]<\/a> \u6881\u542f\u8d85\u300a\u8bba\u653f\u5e9c\u963b\u6320\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e4b\u975e\u300b\uff081910\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5f20\u54c1\u5174\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u5168\u96c6\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999\u5e74\uff09\uff0c2272\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xvi]<\/a>\u5f20\u670b\u56ed\u300a\u7acb\u5baa\u6d3e\u4e0e\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u300b\u7b2c40\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xvii]<\/a> \u300a\u54a8\u8bae\u5c40\u4ee3\u8868\u5b59\u6d2a\u4f0a\u7b49\u8bf7\u5f00\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u539f\u8f7d\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7b2c7\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f11-17\u9875\uff0c\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u5f20\u670b\u56ed\u300a\u7acb\u5baa\u6d3e\u4e0e\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u300b\u7b2c65\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xviii]<\/a> \u8fd9\u662f\u8bf7\u613f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u56fd\u4f1a\u671f\u6210\u4f1a\u201d\u81f4\u5404\u7701\u54a8\u8bae\u5c40\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u4f1a\u4fe1\u51fd\u4e2d\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u539f\u8f7d\u300a\u56fd\u98ce\u62a5\u300b\u7b2c2\u53f7\u7b2c37\u9875\u3002\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u5f20\u670b\u56ed\u300a\u7acb\u5baa\u6d3e\u4e0e\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u300b\u7b2c55\u9875\u811a\u6ce82\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xix]<\/a>\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u300a\u8bba\u653f\u5e9c\u963b\u6320\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e4b\u975e\u300b\uff081910\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5f20\u54c1\u5174\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u5168\u96c6\u300b\uff12\uff12\uff16\uff15\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xx]<\/a> \u674e\u5251\u519c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u300b255-256\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xxi]<\/a> \u300a\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u5168\u96c6\u300b2044\u9875\u3002\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u674e\u5251\u519c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u300b256\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xxii]<\/a>\u5929\u6797\u300a\u6e05\u672b\u201c\u9884\u5907\u7acb\u5baa\u201d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u300b\uff08<\/strong>http:\/\/is.gd\/o5aRhg<\/strong>\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xxiii]<\/a>\u8303\u798f\u6f6e\u300a\u5bf9\u6e05\u672b\u201c\u9884\u5907\u7acb\u5baa\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u300b\uff08\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u5468\u672b\u300b2011\u5e7402\u670824\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xxiv]<\/a>Alexis de Tocqueville,trans. by Henry Reeve: The State of Society in France Revolution of 1789: Causes which Led to that Event, p.152 (John Murray, 1888). \u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u574f\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6700\u5371\u9669\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u5b83\u5f00\u59cb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u201d\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\u7684\u8457\u4f5c80\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4ee5\u6765\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5df2\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u6539\u9769\u597d\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u592a\u5371\u9669\u3002\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u62d2\u7edd\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e13\u5236\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c38\u8fdc\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5e0c\u671b\u4e86\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4f1a\u5f00\u8f9f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u7531\u4e8e\u62d2\u7edd\u6539\u9769\u800c\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u5e94\u8be5\u5438\u53d6\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u82cf\u4e9a\u96f7\u65af\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6977\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [xxv]<\/a>     \u5f53\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6743\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7b49\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u884c\u6539\u9769\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u53d8\u9769\u8005\u51fa\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u6743\u529b\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u8003\u8651\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c06\u4e3e\u884c\u5168\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u3001\u91cd\u5efa\u653f\u6743\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3001\u884c\u8bae\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u81f3\u4e8e\u4f18\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u53ea\u5b9e\u884c\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9677\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u679d\u8282\u6027\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u665a\u6e05\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u6559\u8bad\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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