{"id":4054,"date":"2024-10-13T08:35:09","date_gmt":"2024-10-13T12:35:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=4054"},"modified":"2024-10-13T08:35:09","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T12:35:09","slug":"%e5%be%90%e8%b4%b2%ef%bc%9a%e6%96%87%e9%9d%a9%e9%81%93%e6%ad%89%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%b7%a7%e8%be%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%8d%8a%e7%9c%9f%e7%9b%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=4054","title":{"rendered":"\u5f90\u8d32\uff1a\u6587\u9769\u9053\u6b49\u4e2d\u7684\u5de7\u8fa9\u548c\u534a\u771f\u76f8"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"post-title entry-title\"><\/h3>\n<div id=\"post-body-2554346366541555227\" class=\"post-body entry-content\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" width=\"956\"><a href=\"https:\/\/substack.com\/redirect\/b1b4a917-de01-455c-8ea6-161ae7ff1978?j=eyJ1IjoiMzc2OHBsIn0.cOkHvsMKohgUgb4VFaW6nvPAKSLE-MDZugMka8byLUk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"gmail-CToWUd\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1912,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8fdcd39-cd38-491d-9d55-65ec6cace9a4_956x692.heic\" alt=\"\" width=\"479\" height=\"347\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">2014\u5e741\u670812\u65e5\uff0c&#8221;\u6587\u9769&#8221;\u6807\u6746\u4eba\u7269\u5b8b\u5f6c\u5f6c\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u5927\u5973\u9644\u4e2d\uff08\u73b0&#8221;\u5317\u5e08\u5927\u9644\u5c5e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5b66&#8221;\uff09\u5411&#8221;\u6587\u9769&#8221;\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u540c\u5b66\u90d1\u91cd\u9053\u6b49\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5979\u5c31&#8221;\u6587\u9769&#8221;\u81f4\u6b49\u7684\u300a\u6211\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u548c\u611f\u8c22\u300b\u5374\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u756a\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8fa9\u89e3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6487\u6e05\u81ea\u5df2\u4e0e\u535e\u4ef2\u8018\u6821\u957f\u4e4b\u6b7b\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c&#8221;\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u64a4\u8d70\u4e00\u5468\u540e\uff0c\u6821\u56ed\u91cc\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u66b4\u529b\u81f4\u6b7b\u535e\u6821\u957f\u76848-5\u4e8b \u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u548c\u5218\u8fdb\u66fe\u4e24\u6b21\u53bb\u5927\u64cd\u573a\u548c\u540e\u9662\u963b\u6b62\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u56f4\u89c2\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u6563\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4e8b\u4e86\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u8d70\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u535e\u6821\u957f\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u9047\u96be\u662f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u3002&#8221;\u5979\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e &#8220;\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u5230&#8221;\u548c&#8221;\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u65e0\u4e8b&#8221;\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5979\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5230\u6216\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6709\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u633a\u8eab\u800c\u51fa\u52a0\u4ee5\u5236\u6b62\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u5979\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6&#8221;\u6211\u4eec\u6b20\u7f3a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u5e38\u8bc6\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u516c\u6c11\u4eab\u6709\u88ab\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4eba\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u72af\u3002\u5bf9\u4eba\u6743\u3001\u751f\u547d\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6f20\u89c6\uff0c\u917f\u6210\u4e86\u535e\u6821\u957f\u9047\u96be\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u3002&#8221;\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5de7\u8fa9\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7c89\u9970\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a&#8221;\u6587\u9769&#8221;\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u3001\u6b8b\u6740\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u6240\u8c13\u7684&#8221;\u65e0\u77e5&#8221;\uff0c\u800c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u660e\u77e5\u6545\u72af\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u660e\u77e5\u6545\u72af\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u597d\u5904\u548c\u522b\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5b8b\u5f6c\u5f6c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6253\u626e\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u5c11\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46&#8221;\u6709\u826f\u5fc3&#8221;\u7684\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u7f3a\u4e4f\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u5fcf\u6094\uff0c\u5979\u53ea\u662f\u8ba4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f&#8221;\u9519&#8221;\uff0c\u800c\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\uff08\u6216\u627f\u8ba4\uff09\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u6781\u6743\u4e4b\u6076\u4e2d\u8be5\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u90a3\u4efd&#8221;\u7f6a&#8221;\u8d23\u3002\u5728\u5b8b\u5f6c\u5f6c\u9053\u6b49\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4e5d\u5341\u4e09\u5c81\u7684\u738b\u6676\u579a\u5148\u751f\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5728\u59bb\u5b50\u535e\u4ef2\u8018\u6b7b\u56e0\u771f\u76f8\u5927\u767d\u4e8e\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u51b3\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u5e08\u5927\u5973\u9644\u4e2d\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\u9053\u6b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e94\u8be5\u5f15\u8d77\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u9053\u6b49\u672c\u8eab\u53ca\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6587\u9769\u9053\u6b49\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u7684\u6587\u9769\u9053\u6b49\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u4e00\u00a0 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u9053\u6b49<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u9053\u6b49\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5&#8221;\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77&#8221;\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u6cd5\u5b66\u8ba8\u8bba&#8221;\u9053\u6b49&#8221;\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u867d\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u9053\u6b49\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u8bf4\u6e05\u81ea\u5df1\u8fc7\u9519\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u627f\u62c5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u6709\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u6094\u610f\u3002\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u9053\u6b49\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u628a\u6094\u610f\u548c\u627f\u62c5\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d23\u4efb\u5f53\u4f5c\u9053\u6b49\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6700\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u514b\u5229\u8d39\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08John C. Kleefeld\uff09\u5f15\u7528\u5fc3\u7406\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e0c\u5c14\uff08Steven J. Scher\uff09\u548c\u8fbe\u83b1\uff08John M. Darley\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u9053\u6b49\u4f5c\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u76844R\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u9053\u6b49\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u6094\u610f\uff08remorse\uff09\u3001\u8d23\u4efb(responsibility)\u3001\u51b3\u5fc3(resolution)\u548c\u8865\u507f(reparation)\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d1d\u5f17\u52d2\u65af\uff08Janet Bavelas\uff09\u5219\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f24\u5bb3\u6027\u8fc7\u5931\u884c\u4e3a\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u6094\u610f\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u9053\u6b49\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4f24\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u6e05\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ecf\u8fc7\u548c\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u4e25\u91cd\u4f24\u5bb3\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u5931\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ece\u6587\u660e\u9053\u5fb7\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u653e\u9010\uff0c\u9053\u6b49\u662f\u4ed6\u90d1\u91cd\u8981\u6c42\u56de\u5230\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u540c\u7b49\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6765\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u5854\u7ef4\u5207\u65af\uff08Nicolas Tavuchis\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9053\u6b49\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u8c10\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u9053\u6b49\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u8868\u793a\u611f\u60c5\u6216\u5fc3\u610f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u8d77\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u4f5c\u7528\u7684&#8221;\u8a00\u8bed\u884c\u4e3a&#8221;\uff08speech act\uff09\u3002\u9053\u6b49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd&#8221;\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u8a00\u8bed\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7528\u8a00\u8bed\uff0c\u4fbf\u6ca1\u6709\u9053\u6b49&#8221;\u3002\u9053\u6b49\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8ba9\u9053\u6b49\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u826f\u5fc3\u5b89\u5b81\u6216\u7ebe\u89e3\u7f6a\u611f\uff0c\u9053\u6b49\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f&#8221;\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fc7\u9519\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e&#8221;\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u67e5\u666e\u66fc\uff08Gary Chapman\uff09\u8bf4\uff0c&#8221;\u5f53\u9053\u6b49\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5173\u7cfb\u624d\u4f1a\u5065\u5eb7&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u9053\u6b49\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u7684\u6094\u610f\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u62c5\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8a00\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u3002\u9053\u6b49\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u8ba4\u53ef\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u9053\u6b49\u8005\u662f\u5426\u6709\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u6094\u610f\u548c\u771f\u6b63\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a&#8221;\u771f&#8221;\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8a00\u8bed\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u6216\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u9053\u6b49\u8a00\u8bed\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\uff0c\u662f\u770b\u6cd5\u548c\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u786e\u5b9e\u65e0\u7591\u7684&#8221;\u4e8b\u5b9e&#8221;\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f85\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u6709\u5206\u6b67\u548c\u4e89\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u4eba\u4eec\u7528&#8221;\u771f\u8bda&#8221;\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u9053\u6b49\u7684\u6094\u610f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a&#8221;\u771f\u8bda&#8221;\uff08\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u8bf4\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3001\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001\u613f\u671b\uff09\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd&#8221;\u7f8e\u5fb7&#8221;\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c&#8221;\u771f\u8bda&#8221;\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6784\u5efa\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u89c2\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5df2\u6545\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u83b1\u7279\u91cc\u6797\uff08Lionel Trilling\uff09\u5728\u300a\u771f\u8bda\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u300b\uff08<em>Sincerity and Authenticity<\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c&#8221;\u771f\u8bda&#8221;\u4e0e&#8221;\u771f\u5b9e&#8221;\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u771f\u8bda\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5fb7\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u9053\u6b49\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u771f\u8bda\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u51cf\u8f7b\u6628\u5929\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684&#8221;\u771f\u5b9e&#8221;\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u6094\u7f6a\u662f\u5426\u771f\u8bda\u800c\u6709\u6240\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u9053\u6b49\u8005\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5728\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u4f46\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u672a\u5fc5\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u90a3\u662f\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c&#8221;\u5bb3&#8221;\u5bf9\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u548c\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u5f80\u5f80\u770b\u91cd\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u8d85\u8fc7\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f&#8221;\u6253\u4eba&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u63ea\u6597&#8221;\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6587\u9769\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8089\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u66f4\u6301\u4e45\uff0c\u5bf9\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u540e\u6765\u4eba\u751f\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u635f\u6bc1\u6781\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u4fbf\u662f\u9020\u6210\u96be\u4ee5\u5e73\u629a\u7684&#8221;\u6709\u5bb3\u60c5\u7eea&#8221;\uff08negative emotions\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u7ec8\u8eab\u4e0d\u5f97\u5e78\u798f\u3002\u5e0c\u814a\u5b66\u5bb6\u5948\u7279\uff08Daniel Nettle\uff09\u5728\u300a\u5e78\u798f\u300b\uff08<em>Happiness<\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c&#8221;\u6709\u5bb3\u60c5\u7eea\u2014\u2014\u6050\u60e7\u3001\u5fe7\u8651\u3001\u60b2\u4f24\u3001\u6124\u6012\u3001\u7f9e\u803b\u2014\u2014\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u5e78\u798f\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002&#8221;\u6587\u9769\u867d\u7136\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u906d\u53d7\u8fc7\u6587\u9769\u6467\u6b8b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5bb6\u7834\u4eba\u4ea1\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f24\u75db\u5374\u5e76\u672a\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u505a\u6076\u68a6\uff0c\u88ab\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u68a6\u9b47\u6240\u6298\u78e8\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5931\u53bb\u4eb2\u4eba\u800c\u4e45\u4e45\u60b2\u4f24\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u8feb\u5bf9\u4eb2\u4eba\u6216\u597d\u53cb\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c1\u4e0d\u5f97\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u803b\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u65f6\u65f6\u63d0\u9632\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u552f\u6050\u88ab\u4eba\u51fa\u5356\u548c\u80cc\u53db\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4f24\u5bb3\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u8bf4\u4e00\u58f0&#8221;\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77&#8221;\u800c\u5c31\u6b64\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u548c\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f24\u5bb3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u89d2\u5ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u6587\u9769\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\uff0c\u624d\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb3\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u6709\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u53d7\u5bb3\u4e0e\u52a0\u5bb3\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5dee\u522b\u662f&#8221;\u6027\u547d\/\u665a\u9910\u95ee\u9898&#8221;\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\u3002\u6027\u547d\/\u665a\u9910\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u5f53\u730e\u8c79\u8ffd\u6740\u7f9a\u7f8a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8dd1\u5f97\u66f4\u957f\u4e45\u4e00\u4e9b\uff1f\u7f9a\u7f8a\u662f\u4e3a\u9003\u547d\u800c\u5954\u8dd1\uff0c\u800c\u730e\u8c79\u5219\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u987f\u7f8e\u9910\u800c\u5954\u8dd1\u3002\u7f9a\u7f8a\u4e0d\u8dd1\u5230\u7b4b\u75b2\u529b\u5c3d\u3001\u9893\u7136\u5012\u5730\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u730e\u8c79\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8dd1\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u53d7\u5bb3\u4e0e\u52a0\u5bb3\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c01\u4f1a\u5bf9&#8221;\u5bb3&#8221;\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u3001\u66f4\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u3002\u6587\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u52a0\u5bb3\u4e8e\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6076\u884c\u770b\u4f5c\u52a0\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\uff08\u6216\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff09\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u5230\u5e95\u75db\u82e6\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u4ed6\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u9053\u6b49\u4e86\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u4e3a\u6240\u8c13\u7684&#8221;\u4e0d\u77e5\u6653\u5baa\u6cd5&#8221;\u800c\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88&#8221;\u6df1\u523b&#8221;\uff0c\u5f88\u6709&#8221;\u9ad8\u5ea6&#8221;\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u51b7\u6f20\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u8f7b\u63cf\u6de1\u5199\u3002\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u8840\u6dcb\u6dcb\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u627f\u53d7\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4f24\u6b8b\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ec8\u751f\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5931\u53bb\u4e08\u592b\u3001\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u9525\u9aa8\u4e4b\u75db\u975e\u4eb2\u5386\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u4eb2\u4eba\u5929\u4eba\u6c38\u9694\u7684\u60b2\u60c5\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u660e\u3001\u4e2d\u79cb\u3001\u9664\u5915\u3001\u65b0\u5e74\u6495\u88c2\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6c38\u8fdc\u518d\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u60c5\u7eea\u2014\u2014\u6050\u60e7\u3001\u5fe7\u8651\u3001\u6124\u6012\u3001\u7f9e\u803b\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u5c1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e73\u629a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u66f4\u4f55\u51b5\u662f\u865a\u5047\u3001\u7a7a\u6d1e\u3001\u8f7b\u63cf\u6de1\u5199\u7684\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u90a3\u7b80\u76f4\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u7f9e\u803b\u3001\u51b7\u9177\u65e0\u60c5\u5730\u8868\u73b0\u5bf9\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u771f\u5b9e\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u8511\u89c6\u548c\u8f7b\u8fb1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u4e8c\u00a0 \u975e\u9053\u6b49\u7684&#8221;\u9053\u6b49&#8221;\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\u6b49<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u9053\u6b49\u662f\u5426\u771f\u8bda\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a&#8221;\u4eba\u5fc3&#8221;\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u79cd&#8221;\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5&#8221;\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e1\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u5207\u5730\u77e5\u6653\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e1\u4eba\u5728\u5fc3\u91cc\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u60f3\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u6094\u6068\u662f\u5426\u771f\u8bda\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u8bc4\u65ad\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6094\u8fc7\u662f\u5426\u771f\u8bda\uff0c\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u8c05\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8bba\u4f7f\u5f97&#8221;\u539f\u8c05&#8221;\u6216&#8221;\u5bbd\u6055&#8221;\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u8499\u4e0a\u4e86\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6765\u900f\u89c6\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9014\u5f84\u662f\u8fd0\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6094\u8fc7\u548c\u9053\u6b49\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd&#8221;\u8a00\u8bed\u884c\u4e3a&#8221;\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u771f\u8bda\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u5b83\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u683c\u5916\u5173\u6ce8\u6094\u8fc7\u548c\u9053\u6b49\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53d7\u8fc7\u67d0\u4eba\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u8bc4\u5224\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4f60\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6094\u610f\u662f\u5426\u771f\u8bda\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4f60\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u793a\u6094\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u89c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u4e0d\u771f\u8bda\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u516c\u5f00\u8868\u793a\u6094\u610f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u8bc4\u5224\u5c31\u4e0d\u6b62\u662f\u4f60\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u8bf4\u7406\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7406\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u6094\u610f\u662f\u5426\u771f\u8bda\u4f5c\u51fa\u76f8\u5bf9\u516c\u5141\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bc6\u522b\u771f\u5047\u6094\u610f\u6216\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4e5f\u662f\u4ece\u8a00\u8bed\u6765\u770b\u9053\u6b49\u8005\u662f\u5426\u9003\u907f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u9003\u907f\u771f\u6b63\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a&#8221;\u975e\u9053\u6b49\u7684\u9053\u6b49&#8221;\uff08non-apology apology\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5047\u9053\u6b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c&#8221;\u5047\u60fa\u60fa\u9053\u6b49&#8221;\uff08tongue-in-cheek apology\uff09\u662f\u5047\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u5982&#8221;\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6211\u6bd4\u8c01\u90fd\u611f\u5230\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f60\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053&#8221;\u3002\u53c8\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c &#8220;\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u53d7\u59d4\u5c48\u4e86\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77&#8221;\u6216&#8221;\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u4f60\u53d7\u59d4\u5c48\u4e86\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77&#8221;\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u9053\u6b49\uff08\u53eb &#8220;If apology&#8221;\uff0c&#8221;\u5982\u679c\u5f0f\u9053\u6b49&#8221;\uff09\u3002\u9053\u6b49\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u5e78\u8ba9\u4f60\u6709\u4e86\u59d4\u5c48\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u9519\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c&#8221;\u59d4\u5c48&#8221;\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u592a\u654f\u611f\u3001\u591a\u5fc3\u3001\u504f\u6267\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\u6b49\u8005\u771f\u7684\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5fc5\u987b\u62c5\u8d1f\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e7d\u9ed8\u4f5c\u5bb6\u9ea6\u8003(Bruce MaCall)\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u975e\u9053\u6b49\u9053\u6b49\u300b\uff08&#8221;The Perfect Non-apology Apology\uff09\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u975e\u9053\u6b49\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u4e3a&#8221;\u6709\u827a\u672f\u6027\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u8bf4\u6cd5&#8221;\u3002&#8221;\u77db\u76fe\u8bf4\u6cd5&#8221;\uff08double talk\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u81ea\u5965\u5a01\u5c14\u7684\u300a1984\u300b\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f&#8221;\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\u6b3a\u4eba\u4e4b\u8c08&#8221;\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u975e\u9053\u6b49\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u66ff\u4e0a\u53f8\u625b\u8fc7\u7684&#8221;\u5f62\u5f0f\u9053\u6b49&#8221;\uff08formalistic apology\uff0c&#8221;\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u6c42\u6210\u5fc3\u5207\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\uff01&#8221;\uff09\u3001\u4e3a\u8eb2\u907f\u66f4\u5927\u7f6a\u8d23\u7684&#8221;\u6218\u672f\u6027\u9053\u6b49&#8221;\uff08tactical apology\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u5229\u7528\u9053\u6b49\u6765\u4f5c\u67d0\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u8868\u767d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u53cd\u9a73\u548c\u6d88\u9664\u522b\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u81ea\u5df1\u9003\u907f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684&#8221;\u975e\u9053\u6b49\u7684\u9053\u6b49&#8221;\uff0c\u53eb\u505a&#8221;\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u9053\u6b49&#8221;\uff08explanation apology\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8fa9\u767d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\u6b49\u3002\u5b8b\u5f6c\u5f6c\u8868\u793a\u9053\u6b49\u7684\u300a\u6211\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u548c\u611f\u8c22\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u8868\u767d\u3002\u5979\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u72af\u9519\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a&#8221;\u6b20\u7f3a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u5e38\u8bc6\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u8bc6&#8221;\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a8\u8bff\u4e4b\u8bcd\uff0c\u90a3\u7b49\u4e8e\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5979\u6709\u5baa\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6279\u6597\u3001\u6b8b\u5bb3\u8001\u5e08\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6587\u9769\u65f6\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u5728\u88ab\u6279\u6597\u65f6\uff0c\u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u7740\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u7167\u6837\u628a\u4ed6\u6253\u5f97\u9f3b\u9752\u773c\u80bf\uff0c\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u77e5\u72af\u9519\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u660e\u77e5\u6545\u72af\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b8b\u5f6c\u5f6c\u81ea\u6211\u8fa9\u89e3\u8bf4\u8f9e\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u4e0d\u5b9e\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bda\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u5fc3\u9053\u6b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u5728\u9053\u6b49\u4e2d\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8fc7\u9519\u4e0e\u7f6a\u8d23\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u6709\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9053\u6b49\u4e2d\u6700\u96be\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b8b\u5f6c\u5f6c\u5728\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6587\u9769\u884c\u4e3a\u9053\u6b49\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u544a\u77e5\u4e16\u4eba\u5979\u662f\u5728\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u6027\u8d28\u7684&#8221;\u9519\u8bef&#8221;\u5462\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3a\u53c2\u4e0e\u67d0\u79cd\u90aa\u6076\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u62c5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u4efd&#8221;\u7f6a\u8fc7&#8221;\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f&#8221;\u7f6a&#8221;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f&#8221;\u9519&#8221;\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5979\u4e3a\u4e4b\u627f\u62c5\u4e00\u4efd\u7f6a\u8d23\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5b8b\u5f6c\u5f6c\u5728\u5e08\u5927\u5973\u9644\u4e2d\u6253\u6b7b\u535e\u4ef2\u82b8\u6821\u957f\u76848\u00b75\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u884c\u51f6\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821\u6587\u9769\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5979\u5c31\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u8bf4\u51fa\u8c01\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u884c\u51f6\u3002\u5979\u9690\u7792\u771f\u76f8\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5979\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u7f6a\u8d23\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u627f\u62c5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7f6a\u8d23\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8bf4\u51fa\u771f\u76f8\u4e88\u4ee5\u5f25\u8865\u548c\u8868\u660e\u6094\u610f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u4fbf\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u4e09 \u534a\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\u6b49<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: large;\">\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\u7f6a\u8d23\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u89e6\u53ca\u6587\u9769&#8221;\u6781\u6743\u5e2e\u51f6&#8221;\u7684\u7f6a\u8d23\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u63a9\u76d6\u540e\u9762\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd&#8221;\u534a\u771f&#8221;\u7684\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6587\u9769\u9053\u6b49\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u8981\u8c08\u5230\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6216\u4e0d\u613f\u89e6\u53ca\u6587\u9769&#8221;\u6781\u6743\u5e2e\u51f6&#8221;\u7684\u7f6a\u8d23\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u5c31\u7b97\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u53ea\u80fd\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6094\u610f\u662f\u5426\u771f\u8bda\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5411\u771f\u5b9e\u8d23\u4efb\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; 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font-size: large;\">\u5728\u770b\u5230\u9053\u6b49\u548c\u539f\u8c05\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u8be5\u7ed9\u4e88\u539f\u8c05\u65f6\u7ed9\u4e88\u539f\u8c05\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u83ab\u83f2\uff08Jeffrie G. Murphy\uff09\u5728\u300a\u7b97\u8d26\uff1a\u539f\u8c05\u53ca\u5176\u9650\u5ea6\u300b(<em>Getting Even: Forgiveness and Its Limits<\/em>)\u4e00\u4e66\u91cc\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f53\u7684\u539f\u8c05\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e2e\u51f6\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u539f\u8c05\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u62ec\u8ba4\u771f\u8003\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u7ed9\u4e88\u539f\u8c05\u3002\u5357\u975e\u88d4\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u8457\u540d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5179\uff08David Novitz\uff09\u5728\u300a\u539f\u8c05\u4e0e\u81ea\u5c0a\u300b(&#8220;Forgiveness and Self-Respect&#8221;)\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u628a&#8221;\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u539f\u8c05&#8221;\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u5c0a\u7684\u75c5\u75c7\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8005\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u90a3\u91cc\u624d\u6709\u3002\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5728\u300a\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u91cc\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u6124\u6012\u7684\u4eba&#8221;\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u536b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684&#8221;\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a&#8221;\u5fcd\u6c14\u541e\u58f0\u3001\u606f\u4e8b\u5b81\u4eba&#8221;\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a&#8221;\u50bb\u74dc&#8221;\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u906d\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e49\u7684\u5bf9\u5f85\u800c\u4e0d\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0a\u4e25\u548c\u81ea\u5c0a\uff08<em>Lectures on Ethics<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u4f11\u8c1f\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7231\u548c\u6068\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5929\u6027\u548c\u6027\u683c\u4e2d\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u8c01\u8981\u662f\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u7684&#8221;\u5b71\u5f31\u548c\u65e0\u80fd&#8221;\uff08<em>A Treatise of Human Nature<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u539f\u8c05\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u597d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u503c\u5f97\u8d5e\u7f8e\u6216\u5728\u516c\u4e49\u4e0a\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7406\u7531\u3002\u533a\u5206\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u548c\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u539f\u8c05\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6d3e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u601d\u8003\u6587\u9769\u9053\u6b49\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5305\u542b&#8221;\u6587\u9769\u57fa\u56e0&#8221;\u7684&#8221;\u6587\u9769\u9053\u6b49&#8221;\uff09\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u662f\u5426\u8981\u7ed9\u4e88\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u539f\u8c05\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e0d\u77e5\u7684\u9053\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Oct 4, 2024<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u4e66\u8bc4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2014\u5e741\u670812\u65e5\uff0c&#8221;\u6587\u9769&#8221;\u6807\u6746\u4eba\u7269\u5b8b\u5f6c\u5f6c\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u5927\u5973\u9644\u4e2d\uff08\u73b0&#8221;\u5317\u5e08\u5927\u9644 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4055,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","category-light"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4054","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4054"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4054\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4056,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4054\/revisions\/4056"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}