{"id":4187,"date":"2024-11-01T10:57:43","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T14:57:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=4187"},"modified":"2024-11-01T10:58:36","modified_gmt":"2024-11-01T14:58:36","slug":"%e6%8c%87%e5%90%91%e5%8c%85%e5%ae%b9%e6%80%a7%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e7%9a%84%e7%8b%ad%e7%aa%84%e9%80%9a%e9%81%93-%e8%af%84%e4%bb%8b2024%e5%b9%b4%e8%af%ba%e8%b4%9d%e5%b0%94%e7%bb%8f%e6%b5%8e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=4187","title":{"rendered":"\u9648\u594e\u5fb7\/\u4efb\u8d5c\uff1a\u6307\u5411\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u72ed\u7a84\u901a\u9053 \u2013 \u8bc4\u4ecb2024\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u6210\u679c"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mobilecontainer\">\n<h6><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"font-family: 'Inter var', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 21px; letter-spacing: -0.015em;\" title=\"\u4e13\u680f\uff5c\u4e2d\u56fd\u900f\u89c6\uff1a\u6307\u5411\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u72ed\u7a84\u901a\u9053 \u2013 \u8bc4\u4ecb2024\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u6210\u679c\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rfa.org\/mandarin\/zhuanlan\/zhongguotoushi\/panel-on-2024-nobel-prize-in-economic-science-10302024111056.html\/@@images\/416ac6b1-e58b-4548-9d8c-3a36c92bd57a.jpeg\" alt=\"\u4e13\u680f\uff5c\u4e2d\u56fd\u900f\u89c6\uff1a\u6307\u5411\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u72ed\u7a84\u901a\u9053 \u2013 \u8bc4\u4ecb2024\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u6210\u679c\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\" \/><span class=\"lead_image_caption\" style=\"font-family: 'Inter var', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 21px; letter-spacing: -0.015em;\">\u5fb7\u9686\u2022\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u683c\u9c81\u6559\u6388\u51fa\u5e2d2024\u5e7410\u670814\u65e5\u5728\u96c5\u5178\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u4e1c\u5357\u6b27\u4e0e\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u5cf0\u4f1a<\/span><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"headerimg\">\n<div id=\"zoomattribute\"><a id=\"single_image\" title=\"\u5fb7\u9686\u2022\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u683c\u9c81\u6559\u6388\u51fa\u5e2d2024\u5e7410\u670814\u65e5\u5728\u96c5\u5178\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u4e1c\u5357\u6b27\u4e0e\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u5cf0\u4f1a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rfa.org\/mandarin\/zhuanlan\/zhongguotoushi\/panel-on-2024-nobel-prize-in-economic-science-10302024111056.html\/@@images\/image\/social_media\" data-fancybox=\"\" data-caption=\"\u5fb7\u9686\u2022\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u683c\u9c81\u6559\u6388\u51fa\u5e2d2024\u5e7410\u670814\u65e5\u5728\u96c5\u5178\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u4e1c\u5357\u6b27\u4e0e\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u5cf0\u4f1a\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rfa.org\/++plone++rfa-resources\/img\/icon-zoom.png\" \/>\u00a0<\/a><span class=\"copyright\">\u8def\u900f\u793e\u56fe\u7247<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"shadowbox storyaudio\">\n<div class=\"audiolinks\">\n<div class=\"story_audioes\">\n<div id=\"audiojs_wrapper0\" class=\"audiojs loading\">\n<div class=\"play-pause\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"storytext\">\n<p><strong>\u5ea7\u8c08\u4eba\uff1a\u4efb\u8cfe\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u6301\u5f00\u660e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u5916\u62a5\u520a\u7f51\u7ad9\u53d1\u8868\u591a\u7bc7\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u6709\u8bd1\u8457\u963f\u9a6c\u8482\u4e9a\u00b7\u68ee\u300a\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u770b\u5f85\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\uff08\u4e0e\u4e8e\u771f\u5408\u8bd1\uff09\uff0c\u6587\u96c6\u300a\u5c71\u884c\u4e14\u60a6\u5ca9\u5ce6\u80dc\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65e2\u8015\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u5c45\u7f8e\u56fd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5174\u8870<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>1\uff09<strong>2024\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u6982\u89c8<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u9648<\/em><\/strong>\uff1a2024\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u9881\u53d1\u7ed9MIT\u6559\u6388\u5fb7\u9686\u2022\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u683c\u9c81\uff08Daron Acemoglu\uff09,\u00a0\u4ed6\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u957f\u671f\u5408\u4f5c\u8005MIT\u6559\u6388\u8d5b\u8499\u2022\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\uff08Simon Johnson\uff09\u4e0e\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u2022\u7f57\u5bbe\u900a\uff08James Robinson\uff09\uff0c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7e41\u8363\u660c\u76db\u6216\u8d2b\u56f0\u7834\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4efb\u8d5c\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5f53\u300a\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u300b\u525b\u53d1\u8868\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u57282019\u5e74\u64b0\u5199\u8bc4\u4ecb\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u6b67\u8d8b\u4e2d\u4e00\u6761\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u300b\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e86\u8be5\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u8bf7\u60a8\u5148\u7b80\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e09\u4f4d\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u4efb<\/em><\/strong>\uff1a\u4e09\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u957f\u671f\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5927\u91cf\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba1\u91cf\u5b66\u4f30\u8ba1\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u9762\u5bf9\u5927\u4f17\u3001\u975e\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u4e09\u672c\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2012\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u683c\u9c81\u4e0e\u7f57\u5bbe\u900a\u5408\u8457\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff1f\u6743\u529b\u3001\u7e41\u8363\u548c\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff08Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty\uff09\u300b<\/li>\n<li>2019\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff08The Narrow Corridor: States, Societies, and the Fate of Liberty\u300b<\/li>\n<li>2024\u5e74\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u4e0e\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u683c\u9c81\u66fe\u5408\u8457\u7684\u300a\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u7e41\u8363\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5343\u5e74\u6597\u4e89Power and Progress: Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity\u300b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8457\u4f5c\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91cd\u89c6\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8d5e\u626c\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>2\uff09\u5386\u53f2\u6b67\u8d8b\u4e2d\u4e00\u6761\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u9648\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e94\u767e\u5e74\u6765\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9886\u5148\u4e9a\u6d32\uff1f\u800c\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u7406\u6587\u5316\u73af\u5883\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5982\u5357\u5317\u97e9\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7f8e\u58a8\u8fb9\u5883\u4e0a\u4ec5\u4e00\u5899\u4e4b\u9694\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5374\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f\u201d\u00a0\u4efb\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5c31\u60a8\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u4efb\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6b67\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u516c\u544a\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e09\u4f4d\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u201c\u8bba\u8bc1\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5265\u593a\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u589e\u957f\u6216\u826f\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>2019\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bc4\u4ecb\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u6b67\u8d8b\u4e2d\u4e00\u6761\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u300b\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u901a\u9053\u300b\u6587\uff09\u3002\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u6279\u5224\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e94\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u7684\u201c\u5fc5\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u201d\u3002\u8bc4\u4ecb\u6982\u8ff0\uff1a\u300a\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u300b\u4ece\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u2014\u2014\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u5236\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ea6\u675f\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8f83\u91cf\u548c\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4ece\u90e8\u65cf\u5230\u5efa\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u968f\u540e\u653f\u5e9c\u5efa\u5236\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u591a\u79cd\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u591a\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5c90\u8d8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u6982\u62ec\u51fa\u4e09\u79cd\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u201c\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u201d\u662f\u300a\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d77\u4e2d\u5de8\u517d\uff0c\u501f\u7528\u6765\u6307\u79f0\u96c6\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\uff08Centralized state\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u6784\u6210\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u4eba\u5305\u62ec\u4e0a\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u5e73\u6c11\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u5305\u62ec\u6307\u5bfc\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u800c\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u5b58\u7684\u5efa\u5236\uff08\u5bb6\u65cf\u90e8\u65cf\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u7ebf\u662f\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u662f<strong>\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u5229\u7ef4\u5766<\/strong>\uff08\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\u662f<strong>\u7f3a\u4f4d\u7684\u5229\u7ef4\u5766<\/strong>\uff08\u4ee5\u975e\u5dde\u7684\u8482\u592b\u90e8\u65cf\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u8fd9\u6761\u901a\u9053\u6307\u5411\u201c<strong>\u6234\u9563\u7684\u5229\u7ef4\u5766<\/strong>\u201d\uff08\u6216\u8bd1\u201c\u7b3c\u4e2d\u7684\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u3001\u88ab\u675f\u7f1a\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6709\u9650\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"image-richtext image-inline captioned\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"panel.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rfa.org\/mandarin\/zhuanlan\/zhongguotoushi\/panel-on-2024-nobel-prize-in-economic-science-10302024111056.html\/panel.jpg\/@@images\/4205766a-cb65-4350-8402-6d100c1fca96.jpeg\" alt=\"\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u56fe\u793a (\u539f\u56fe\u51fa\u81ea \u300a\u4efb\u8d5c\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u6b67\u8d8b\u4e2d\u4e00\u6761\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u300b)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" \/><figcaption class=\"image-caption\">\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u56fe\u793a (\u539f\u56fe\u51fa\u81ea \u300a\u4efb\u8d5c\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u6b67\u8d8b\u4e2d\u4e00\u6761\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u300b)<\/figcaption>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"zoomattribute\"><a id=\"single_image\" title=\"\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u56fe\u793a (\u539f\u56fe\u51fa\u81ea \u300a\u4efb\u8d5c\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u6b67\u8d8b\u4e2d\u4e00\u6761\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u300b)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rfa.org\/mandarin\/zhuanlan\/zhongguotoushi\/panel-on-2024-nobel-prize-in-economic-science-10302024111056.html\/panel.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-caption=\"\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u56fe\u793a (\u539f\u56fe\u51fa\u81ea \u300a\u4efb\u8d5c\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u6b67\u8d8b\u4e2d\u4e00\u6761\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u300b)\" data-fancybox=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rfa.org\/++plone++rfa-resources\/img\/icon-zoom.png\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e1d\u5236\u662f\u201c\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u201d\u7684\u6837\u672c\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5386\u7ecf\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u738b\u671d\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u201c\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e00\u5c0a\u201d\u7684\u6781\u6743\u7ec8\u8eab\u5236\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u53cd\u590d\u5730\u91cd\u5efa\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff08Why Nations Fail\uff09\u300b\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u4f53\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u201c\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u201d\uff08inclusive\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u201c\u69a8\u53d6\u6027\u201d\uff08extractive\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8981\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u5176\u6210\u8d25\u53ca\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u8fdb\u6b65\u300b\uff08Power and Progress: Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity\uff09\u56de\u987e\u3001\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u7e41\u8363\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5343\u5e74\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u5e76\u975e\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5e26\u6765\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u3002\u9700\u8981\u5ba1\u614e\u9632\u6b62\u8d1f\u9762\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u635f\u5bb3\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u800c\u81f4\u5bcc\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6743\u5229\u7528AI\u5236\u9020\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u865a\u5047\u9519\u8bef\u8d44\u8baf\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u3001\u5371\u5bb3\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u6027\u8303\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u9648\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u683c\u9c81\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u95ee\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u597d\u662f\u574f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u6218\u7565\u5bfc\u81f4\u6301\u7eed\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u6027\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8303\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff08Why Nations Fail\uff09\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\u7684\u201c<strong>\u5305\u5bb9\u6027<\/strong>\u201d\uff08inclusive\uff09\u4e0e\u201c<strong>\u69a8\u53d6\u6027<\/strong>\uff08extractive\uff09\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u7c7b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u201c\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u201d\uff08inclusive\uff09\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u201c\u69a8\u53d6\u6027\uff08extractive\uff09\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u79c1\u6709\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u969c\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6+\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u69a8\u53d6\u6027\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u538b\u5236\u4e0e\u5265\u593a\u6c11\u4f17\u3002\u5176\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u652b\u53d6\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6+\u652b\u53d6\u6027\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u201c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u4efb\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u4f53\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5982\u8bb8\u591a\u5386\u7ecf\u6b27\u5dde\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u683c\u9c81\u7b49\u83b7\u5956\u5b66\u8005\u628a\u5386\u53f2\u201c\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u4f53\u5236\u6027\u8def\u5f84\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u957f\u671f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u6548\u679c\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6b27\u5dde\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u975e\u5dde\u3001\u5317\u7f8e\u3001\u5357\u7f8e\u8bb8\u591a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u683c\u9c81\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u6218\u7565\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u6027\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8303\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u300b\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u69a8\u53d6\u6027\u201d\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u4f53\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5982\u8bb8\u591a\u5386\u7ecf\u6b27\u5dde\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u4f8b\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u58a8\u8fb9\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02Nogales\uff0c\u4e00\u534a\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5dde\uff0c\u4e00\u534a\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\uff0c\u8d77\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u6548\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u8fb9\u7e41\u8363\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u8d2b\u56f0\u843d\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201d\uff1a\u6b27\u5dde\u4eba\u5230\u8fbe\u7f8e\u6d32\u65f6\uff0c\u5357\u7f8e\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6bd4\u5317\u7f8e\u597d\u3002\u540e\u6765\u6cbf\u4e0d\u540c\u8def\u5f84\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5730 \u2013 \u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927 \u2013 \u81ea\u7531\u6c11\uff0c\u79c1\u6709\u4ea7\u6743\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb<\/p>\n<p>\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4e2d\u5357\u7f8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730 \u2013 \u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u3001\u963f\u6839\u5ef7 \u2013 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Economics Review\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u7ae0\u2500\u2500\u300a\u6bd4\u8f83\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u7f18\u8d77\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation\uff09\u5c31\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u201d\u505a\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5076\u7136\u539f\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u759f\u75be\u4e0e\u9ec4\u70ed\u75c5\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u8d8a\u96be\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u79fb\u6c11\u624e\u6839\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u69a8\u53d6\u5f0f\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c06\u91cd\u5fc3\u653e\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8d44\u6e90\u63d0\u53d6\u4e3a\u6bcd\u56fd\u6240\u7528\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\u82e5\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4f4e\uff0c\u8f83\u6613\u843d\u5730\u751f\u6839\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5c31\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u5c06\u6bcd\u56fd\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u5206\u7acb\u5236\u8861\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u79fb\u690d\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\u8be5\u75c5\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5357\u7f8e\u548c\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u672c\u5730\u653f\u6cbb\u83c1\u82f1\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u5236\u5ea6\u6210\u672c\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u672c\u6765\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u6743\u4e0b\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u539f\u6765\u5236\u5ea6\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u5171\u751f\u5171\u5229\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u53d7\u539f\u672c\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8def\u5f84\u76f8\u4f9d\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f53\u65f6\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u65e0\u5faa\u73af\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u539f\u521d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5076\u7136\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u5236\u5ea6\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u540e\u679c\uff1a\u7e41\u8363\u6216\u8d2b\u7620\u3002\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u8d85\u8fc7\u516d\u5343\u6b21\uff0c\u5f70\u663e\u4e86\u975e\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u529b\u91cf\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u5c31\u300a\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u300b\uff0c\u8c08\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u8d70\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u201c\u6781\u6743\u201d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u57fa\u56e0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u4efb\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u683c\u9c81\u4e0e\u7f57\u5bbe\u900a\u5728\u300a\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u9053\u300b\u4e66\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e13\u5236\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u79e6\u59cb\u7687\u5efa\u7acb\u5e1d\u5236\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6625\u79cb\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b58\u5728\u8d70\u4e0d\u540c\u9053\u8def\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u9c81\u56fd\u662f\u793c\u4eea\u4e4b\u90a6\uff0c\u6709\u5b54\u5b50\u5021\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\u3002\u9f50\u56fd\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u6709\u201c\u7a37\u4e0b\u5b66\u5bab\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5904\u58eb\u6a6b\u8bae\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u5546\u9785\u53d8\u6cd5\u5960\u5b9a\u69a8\u53d6\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u79e6\u59cb\u7687\u4ee5\u6b66\u529b\u7edf\u4e00\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u4ee5\u9738\u6743\u5efa\u7acb\u5e1d\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e1d\u5236\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u6709\u201c\u6781\u6743\u201d\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8d70\u4e0a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6781\u6743\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u52bf\u529b\u8f83\u91cf\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u515a\u53d6\u80dc\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5982\u6bdb\u6240\u8bf4\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u52a0\u79e6\u59cb\u7687\u201d\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u4e2a\u515a\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5e2e\u4e3b\u5e2e\u89c4\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fe0\u8bda\u5c31\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5fe0\u8bda\u201d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u515a\u3002\u5b83\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u6c11\u5b9e\u884c\u5168\u9762\u7ba1\u63a7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u6781\u6743\u201d\uff08\u201c\u6781\u7aef\u201d\u7684\u201c\u6781\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u96c6\u4e2d\u201d\u7684\u201c\u96c6\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u6781\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u7740\u7edd\u5bf9\u5a01\u6743\u5e76\u8c0b\u6c42\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u516c\u4f17\u4e0e\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2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