{"id":4686,"date":"2025-01-28T08:38:40","date_gmt":"2025-01-28T13:38:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=4686"},"modified":"2025-01-28T08:38:40","modified_gmt":"2025-01-28T13:38:40","slug":"%e5%90%b4%e5%9b%bd%e5%85%89%ef%bc%9a%e9%92%b1%e5%8f%91%e7%bb%99%e8%b0%81%ef%bc%9f%e8%bf%99%e5%b0%b1%e6%98%af%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%ef%bc%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=4686","title":{"rendered":"\u5434\u56fd\u5149\uff1a\u94b1\u53d1\u7ed9\u8c01\uff1f\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"hdr-container\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-title col-xs-12 col-md-10 pull-right\">\n<h1 class=\"title pg-title\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" enhanced\" style=\"font-family: 'Inter var', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 21px; letter-spacing: -0.015em;\" 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class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-8 col-lg-8 pull-left bottom-offset content-offset\">\n<div id=\"article-content\" class=\"content-floated-wrap fb-quotable\">\n<div 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\u5e74\u65b0\u51a0\u5927\u75ab\u60c5\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u591a\u6709\u5411\u5168\u6c11\u53d1\u94b1\u7684\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e48\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u628a\u201c\u5171\u540c\u5bcc\u88d5\u201d\u8bf4\u5f97\u54cd\u4eae\u5531\u5f97\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u5229\u5168\u6c11\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5374\u504f\u504f\u4e0d\u80af\u505a\u3002\u4e0d\u505a\u4e5f\u5c31\u7f62\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5355\u5355\u53d1\u94b1\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u770b\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u903b\u8f91\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9a\u4e49\u76f4\u6307\u4e2d\u5171\u8fd9\u6837\u53d1\u94b1\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9a\u4e49\u672c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u62c9\u65af\u7ef4\u5c14(Harold Lasswell,1902-1978)\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5373\u8c01\u5f97\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u600e\u6837\u4e0e\u4f55\u65f6\u201d(<em>Politics: Who Gets What, When, How)<\/em><em>\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66<\/em>1936\u5e74\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7cbe\u82f1(elites)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u8005\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u7cbe\u82f1\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u671b\u6587\u751f\u4e49\u5730\u628a\u201c\u7cbe\u82f1\u201d\u770b\u4f5c\u4ec0\u4e48\u9053\u5fb7\u4f18\u826f\u6216\u624d\u80fd\u51fa\u4f17\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u7cbe\u82f1\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8c0b\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u627e\u5230\u80fd\u591f\u9650\u5236\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8c0b\u79c1\u5229\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u79c1\u5229\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u5fc5\u987b\u4f18\u5148\u7167\u987e\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u597d\u574f\u7684\u6839\u672c\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u5171\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u5012\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5374\u4e00\u76f4\u53d7\u5230\u538b\u5236\u3002\u4e00\u63d0\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u60f3\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u51a0\u5195\u5802\u7687\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u5957\u7a7a\u8bdd\u3001\u5927\u8bdd\u3001\u5e9f\u8bdd\u3001\u5047\u8bdd\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u68ee\u4e25\u6050\u6016\u7684\u4e00\u5e45\u5e45\u4e0e\u76d1\u89c6\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u7262\u72f1\u3001\u9547\u538b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u753b\u9762\u53ca\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e13\u653f\u673a\u5668\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u70e6\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u6015\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u60f3\u5230\u8fc7\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u653f\u6cbb\u9762\u5bf9\u6c11\u4f17\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e24\u5e45\u8138\u5b54\u5462\uff1f\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u770b\u900f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e24\u5e45\u8138\u5b54\u53e0\u52a0\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u201c\u8c01\u5f97\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u4f0e\u4fe9\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u52a0\u85aa\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u4eec\u7a0d\u7a0d\u770b\u7a7f\u7a76\u7adf\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7ed9\u8c01\u53d1\u94b1\uff0c\u6700\u89c1\u201c\u521d\u5fc3\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u770b\u7a7f\u770b\u4e0d\u7a7f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u70b9\u513f\u67e5\u9a8c\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u4e11\u964b\u7684\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u7b97\u4e0d\u5f97\u770b\u7a7f\u3002\u96be\u9053\u91d1\u94b1\u4e0d\u4e11\u964b\uff1f\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u79bb\u5f00\u91d1\u94b1\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u8131\u79bb\u5f00\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u4f46\u51e1\u4f60\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8131\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5bf9\u611a\u5f04\u548c\u6b3a\u538b\u542c\u4e4b\u4efb\u4e4b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u65a5\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3a\u4e11\u964b\u662f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u8c8c\u4f3c\u6e05\u9ad8\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6392\u62d2\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u4ee5\u6050\u6016\u9762\u76ee\u8ba9\u6c11\u4f17\u5bb3\u6015\u800c\u8ba9\u6c11\u4f17\u8eb2\u5f00\u653f\u6cbb\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4efb\u7531\u6743\u529b\u628a\u6301\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u6cbb\u6765\u8c0b\u53d6\u79c1\u5229\u3002\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u4e11\u964b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u5b89\u6392\u6765\u9650\u5236\u5b83\u7684\u4e11\u964b\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u6743\u529b\u4e3a\u6c11\u4f17\u8c0b\u5229\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u770b\u7a7f\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5e95\u8574\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u90fd\u662f\u4e11\u964b\u7684\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u6743\u529b\u628a\u6301\u8005\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u8c0b\u53d6\u79c1\u5229\uff1f\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5bf9\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e13\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u201c\u8c01\u5f97\u5230\u5229\u76ca\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u6743\u529b\u628a\u6301\u8005\u603b\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5229\u7528\u6743\u529b\u8c0b\u53d6\u79c1\u5229\u7684\u672c\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5236\u5ea6\u6765\u9650\u5236\u6743\u529b\u628a\u6301\u8005\u8c0b\u53d6\u79c1\u5229\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u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