{"id":5339,"date":"2025-07-08T08:31:43","date_gmt":"2025-07-08T12:31:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=5339"},"modified":"2025-07-08T08:31:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-08T12:31:43","slug":"%e7%a8%8b%e6%98%a0%e8%99%b9%ef%bd%9c%e7%ba%a2%e8%89%b2%e9%9a%be%e6%b0%91%e6%bd%ae%ef%bc%9a%e4%ba%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%96%e7%ba%aa%e5%9b%bd%e9%99%85%e5%85%b1%e8%bf%90%e7%9a%84%e9%9a%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=5339","title":{"rendered":"\u7a0b\u6620\u8679\uff5c\u201c\u7ea2\u8272\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u201d\uff1a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u8fd0\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u53f2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"post-header\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Post header\">\n<h5 class=\"post-title published\">\u7a0b\u6620\u8679\uff5c\u201c\u7ea2\u8272\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u201d\uff1a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u8fd0\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u53f2\uff08\u4e0a\uff09<\/h5>\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-reset\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Post UFI\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-paddingTop-16 pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-reset\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset byline-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-reset color-pub-primary-text-NyXPlw line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA\">\n<div class=\"profile-hover-card-target profileHoverCardTarget-PBxvGm\"><a class=\"pencraft pc-reset decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM reset-IxiVJZ\" href=\"https:\/\/substack.com\/@bostonreviewofbooks\">\u6587\u7ae0\u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55 Boston Review of Books<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-reset\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-reset color-pub-secondary-text-hGQ02T line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA\">Jul 03, 2025<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"available-content\">\n<div class=\"body markup\" dir=\"auto\">\n<p>\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u5077\u6e21\u6f6e\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u8207\u9999\u6e2f\u6b77\u53f2\u4ea4\u7e54\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u671f\u4e2d\u570b\u5167\u5730\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u52d5\u76ea\uff0c\u9a45\u4f7f\u5927\u91cf\u6c11\u773e\u5192\u96aa\u9003\u5f80\u9999\u6e2f\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u597d\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u6839\u64da\u9673\u79c9\u5b89\u300a\u5927\u9003\u6e2f\u300b\u7b49\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u73fe\u8c61\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u56db\u500b\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u6bcf\u6ce2\u5077\u6e21\u6f6e\u90fd\u8207\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3001\u898f\u6a21\u548c\u7279\u9ede\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5077\u6e21\u6f6e\u767c\u751f\u57281957\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u8207\u8fb2\u696d\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u904b\u52d5\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u7576\u6642\u4e2d\u570b\u63a8\u884c\u96c6\u9ad4\u5316\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8fb2\u6c11\u5931\u53bb\u571f\u5730\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5ee3\u6771\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u56e0\u9760\u8fd1\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u5f92\u6b65\u7ffb\u8d8a\u908a\u5883\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u901a\u904e\u6e38\u6cf3\u6216\u5c0f\u8239\u5077\u6e21\u9003\u53bb\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u898f\u6a21\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u986f\u9732\u6c11\u773e\u5c0d\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6297\u62d2\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u5077\u6e21\u6f6e\u57281962\u5e74\u5927\u9951\u8352\u671f\u9593\u9054\u5230\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u5168\u570b\u6027\u9951\u8352\u4f7f\u6578\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u9762\u81e8\u751f\u5b58\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u5ee3\u6771\u7b49\u5730\u5c24\u5176\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u6578\u842c\u4eba\u5192\u6b7b\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6df1\u5733\u6cb3\u6216\u908a\u5883\u5c71\u5340\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51fa\u73fe\u96c6\u9ad4\u885d\u95dc\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u5077\u6e21\u8005\u4ee5\u8fb2\u6c11\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u5077\u6e21\u65b9\u5f0f\u98a8\u96aa\u6975\u9ad8\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u5e9c\u56e0\u6b64\u52a0\u5f37\u908a\u5883\u7ba1\u63a7\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u7576\u5c40\u4e5f\u8a66\u5716\u904f\u5236\u4eba\u6f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u6536\u6548\u6709\u9650\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5077\u6e21\u6f6e\u767c\u751f\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8207\u77e5\u9752\u4e0a\u5c71\u4e0b\u9109\u904b\u52d5\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u30021968\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u77e5\u8b58\u9752\u5e74\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u8fb2\u6751\u300c\u518d\u6559\u80b2\u300d\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u689d\u4ef6\u60e1\u52a3\u3001\u524d\u9014\u6e3a\u832b\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5ee3\u6771\u7684\u77e5\u9752\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u4e0d\u582a\u5fcd\u53d7\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u591c\u9593\u6e38\u6cf3\u6216\u7ffb\u5c71\u8d8a\u5883\u9003\u5f80\u9999\u6e2f\u3002\u9019\u6ce2\u5077\u6e21\u8005\u4ee5\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u58d3\u529b\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u5077\u6e21\u6f6e\u51fa\u73fe\u57281979\u5e74\u6539\u9769\u958b\u653e\u521d\u671f\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u4e2d\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u6539\u9769\u555f\u52d5\uff0c\u5ee3\u6771\u8207\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5dee\u8ddd\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u62c9\u5927\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u8fb2\u6c11\u3001\u77e5\u9752\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u5728\u5167\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7fa4\u9ad4\u53c3\u8207\u5077\u6e21\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u5077\u6e21\u898f\u6a21\u7a7a\u524d\uff0c\u65b9\u5f0f\u591a\u6a23\uff0c\u4f46\u96a8\u8457\u9999\u6e2f\u65bc1980\u5e74\u5be6\u65bd\u300c\u62b5\u58d8\u653f\u7b56\u300d\u6536\u7dca\u908a\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5077\u6e21\u6f6e\u9010\u6f38\u6d88\u9000\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u9003\u6e2f\u5077\u6e21\u6f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5ee3\u6771\u77e5\u9752\u5192\u96aa\u5077\u6e21\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u5c0b\u6c42\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u8b80\u66f8\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5077\u6e21\u904e\u7a0b\u6975\u5176\u51f6\u96aa\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u56e0\u6eba\u6c34\u3001\u589c\u5d16\u3001\u98e2\u9913\u6216\u908a\u9632\u6b66\u88dd\u6514\u622a\u800c\u55aa\u751f\u3002\u64da\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u6578\u4ee5\u5343\u8a08\u7684\u77e5\u9752\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7f79\u96e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u9ad4\u4eba\u6578\u8207\u59d3\u540d\u9577\u671f\u672a\u88ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a18\u9304\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2014\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u6279\u6210\u529f\u9003\u6e2f\u4e26\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u5b9a\u5c45\u7684\u77e5\u9752\uff0c\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u5409\u6fb3\u5cf6\u5efa\u7acb\u9996\u5ea7\u300c\u9003\u6e2f\u7f79\u96e3\u77e5\u9752\u7d00\u5ff5\u7891\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u5b9a\u65bc\u6bcf\u5e745\u67081\u65e5\u524d\u5f80\u60bc\u5ff5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u96a8\u84572020\u5e74\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u6cbb\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u7d00\u5ff5\u7891\u7684\u7dad\u8b77\u8207\u516c\u958b\u60bc\u5ff5\u6d3b\u52d5\u8b8a\u5f97\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7e7c\u7e8c\uff0c\u6d77\u5916\u9003\u6e2f\u77e5\u9752\u5efa\u8b70\u5c06\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u79fb\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2021\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u300c\u9003\u6e2f\u7f79\u96e3\u77e5\u9752\u7d00\u5ff5\u7891\u7c4c\u5099\u5c0f\u7d44\u300d\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6210\u7acb\u30022022\u5e746\u670815\u65e5\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u65b0\u6fa4\u897f\u5dde\u6046\u798f\u5893\u5712\uff08Lafayette, NJ\uff09\u300c\u9003\u6e2f\u7f79\u96e3\u77e5\u9752\u7d00\u5ff5\u7891\u300d\u7b2c\u4e00\u7891\u6b63\u5f0f\u63ed\u5e55\uff0c\u523b\u6709176\u540d\u7f79\u96e3\u8005\u59d3\u540d\uff1b2023\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7891\uff0c\u523b\u6709176\u540d\u7f79\u96e3\u8005\u59d3\u540d\uff086\u500b\u59d3\u540d\u8207\u7b2c\u4e00\u7891\u96f7\u540c\uff09\uff1b\u4eca\u5e74\u516d\u6708\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e09\u7891\uff0c\u6b63\u9762\u942b\u523b\u4e8663\u540d\u7f79\u96e3\u8005\u59d3\u540d\uff1b\u80cc\u9762\u5247\u70ba\u5f53\u5e74\u7f79\u96be\u8005\u5efa\u5fe0\u5beb\u7d66\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u8a23\u5225\u4fe1\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u908a\u9632\u8ecd\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u6d77\u6d6a\u885d\u4e0a\u6c99\u7058\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u7537\u6027\u5c4d\u9ad4\u53e3\u888b\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u300c\u5927\u9003\u6e2f\u6b77\u53f2\u570b\u969b\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u300d\u4e5f\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u8209\u884c\u3002\u53d7\u9080\u53c3\u52a0\u6b64\u6b21\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u7684\u7a0b\u6620\u8679\u6559\u6388\u5c07\u5176\u767c\u8a00\u6574\u7406\u4fee\u6539\u5f8c\uff0c\u6388\u6b0a\u300a\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55\u300b\u5206\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5169\u90e8\u5206\u520a\u767c\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u4e0a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ea6\u70ba\u7a0b\u6620\u8679\u5c08\u6b04\u6700\u65b0\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<div 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view-image\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"captioned-image-container\">\n<figure>\n<div class=\"image2-inset\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!fKKV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F717f2398-de74-4fb3-a118-b217cd12e1d0_1600x1200.heic 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!fKKV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F717f2398-de74-4fb3-a118-b217cd12e1d0_1600x1200.heic 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!fKKV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F717f2398-de74-4fb3-a118-b217cd12e1d0_1600x1200.heic 1272w, 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view-image\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u4ece1917\u5e7410\u6708\u5217\u5b81\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u53d1\u52a8\u653f\u53d8\u593a\u53d6\u4fc4\u56fd\u653f\u6743\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u5927\u91cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u96be\u6c11\u6210\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u5bb6\u9635\u8425\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u79fb\u6c11\u53f2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5e76\u975e\u4e13\u9898\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u4e00\u662f\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6587\u4e16\u754c\u5bf9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9003\u6e2f\uff09\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u7ea2\u8272\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u4ece\u5168\u7403\u89d2\u5ea6\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u56de\u987e\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u6587\u8bfb\u8005\u4e0d\u592a\u719f\u6089\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u591a\u505a\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9003\u6e2f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4f1a\u8bae\u6709\u591a\u4eba\u4e13\u95e8\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c31\u57fa\u672c\u4ece\u7565\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u5bf9\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u7684\u6da8\u843d\u4e0e\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5174\u8870\u4f5c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u53c2\u52a0\u201c\u5927\u9003\u6e2f\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u56fd\u9645\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u201d\uff082025\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u4e8e\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\uff09\u65f6\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u4f1a\u8bae\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u548c\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7531\u300a\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u4e66\u8bc4\u300b\u520a\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"header-anchor-post\">\u7a0b\u6620\u8679\uff5c\u201c\u7ea2\u8272\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u201d\uff1a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u8fd0\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u53f2\uff08\u4e0a\uff09<\/h5>\n<h5 class=\"header-anchor-post\">\u524d\u8a00\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u96be\u6c11\u2014\u2014\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u8fd0\u7684\u5b6a\u751f\u5b50<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u754c\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u79fb\u6c11\u7814\u7a76(migration 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Safe Haven\uff09\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u7acb\u5373\u63a5\u6536\u4e94\u5343\u96be\u6c11\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u8981\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u65b9\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u5f52\u5316\u5c40(INS)\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\u9996\u90fd\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e34\u65f6\u673a\u6784\u529e\u7406\u96be\u6c11\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u88ab\u5b89\u6392\u53bb\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u5148\u4ece\u5965\u5730\u5229\u53bb\u897f\u5fb7\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u518d\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u4e58\u5750\u98de\u673a\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u8230\u548c\u6c11\u7528\u5546\u8239\u8f97\u8f6c\u53bb\u5927\u6d0b\u5f7c\u5cb8\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u5a01\u5c14\u751a\u81f3\u8981\u4ed6\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u4e13\u673a \uff08Columbine III\uff09\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd0\u8f93\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u7684\u514b\u5c14\u9ed8\u8425\uff08Camp 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University\uff09\u519c\u6797\u5b66\u9662\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8096\u666e\u6717\u5927\u5b66\u81ea19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u5e9c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u519c\u6797\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u8fd9\u6240\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6570\u767e\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u6570\u5341\u540d\u6559\u6388\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u5308\u7259\u5229\u9769\u547d\u540e\u6d41\u4ea1\u5230\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\uff08UBC\uff09\u95fb\u8baf\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u613f\u610f\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u91cd\u5efa\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5141\u8bfa\u8d77\u7801\u7ef4\u6301\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u5308\u7259\u5229\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ba9\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5b8c\u6210\u5b66\u4e1a\u30021957\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5e08\u751f\u5b8c\u6210\u642c\u8fc1\uff0c\u5b66\u9662\u5728UBC\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u5f53\u5e749\u6708\u5f00\u5b66\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u68ee\u6797\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u8d44\u6e90\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u9662\u6821\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6240\u6b27\u6d32\u8457\u540d\u519c\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u642c\u8fc1\u4e5f\u5bf9\u672c\u56fd\u6709\u5229\u3002\u6570\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6279\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5b66\u751f\u57fa\u672c\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u5b9a\u5c45\u30027<\/p>\n<p>\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u5b89\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6bd4\u8f83\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u96be\u4ee5\u5b89\u7f6e\u8005\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u6ede\u7559\u5728\u96be\u6c11\u8425\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u96be\u4ee5\u5b89\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u98df\u5176\u529b\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6210\u4e3a\u63a5\u6536\u56fd\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5404\u7c7b\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4eba\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u80ba\u708e\u548c\u809d\u708e\uff09\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u8001\u4eba\uff0c\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u3001\u5e7c\u7ae5\u7279\u522b\u591a\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c11\u6570\u7279\u6b8a\u65cf\u7fa4\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u6279\u4eba\u6700\u521d\u96be\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u5b89\u7f6e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d,\u897f\u6b27\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6148\u5584\u673a\u6784\u3001\u548c\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u53d1\u51fa\u9080\u8bf7\u548c\u7b7e\u8bc1\u7684\u632a\u5a01\u3001\u745e\u5178\u548c\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u7279\u522b\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u795e\u7236\u5e15\u57c3\uff08George Henry Pire 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\uff08Displaced Persons\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u800c\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u9001\u5230\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6536\u7559\u8425\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u65b9\u9762\u5f53\u7136\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u662f\u201c\u82cf\u8054\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\u8981\u6c42\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c06\u8fd9\u6279\u4eba\u9063\u9001\u56de\u539f\u7c4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8fd9\u6279\u4eba\u7684\u53bb\u7559\u6210\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u9635\u8425\u4e4b\u95f4\u51b7\u6218\u521d\u671f\u89d2\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u867d\u7136\u82cf\u8054\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u5728\u610f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u5904\u5883\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u56de\u56fd\u201d\u8981\u6253\u4e2a\u95ee\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8d77\u7801\u662f\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u7b79\u7801\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u6279\u4eba\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u9635\u8425\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5c45\u5730\uff08\u6216\u8005\u539f\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u90fd\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u56fd\u5185\u6216\u8005\u82cf\u4e1c\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u50cf\u82cf\u8054\u90a3\u6837\u5f3a\u5236\u9063\u9001\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c45\u7559\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u5f53\u65f6\u6682\u65f6\u51fa\u9762\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u6279\u4eba\u7684\u662f\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\uff08United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u7f29\u5199UNRRA\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u8054\u603b\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u76df\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e86\u6551\u6d4e\u96be\u6c11\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u673a\u6784\u3002\u52301946\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u88ab\u56fd\u9645\u96be\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08International Refugee Organization\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0IRO\uff09\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4eca\u4eba\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u6279\u4eba\u51fa\u4e8e\u6050\u5171\u6050\u82cf\u800c\u4e0d\u613f\u56de\u201c\u5bb6\u4e61\u201d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u662f\u7ea2\u8272\u96be\u6c11\u3002\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u8d28\u4e0a\u8fd9\u5927\u4f53\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u88ab\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u201c\u96be\u6c11\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9003\u4ea1\u8005\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u907f\u96be\u8005\u201d\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u9020\u6210\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u79cd\u5904\u5883\u7684\u662f\u4e8c\u6218\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u540e\u6765\u7684\u51b7\u6218\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8eab\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u56de\u5230\u5171\u4ea7\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u5171\u4ea7\u9635\u8425\u9003\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u548c\u96be\u6c11\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5904\u7406\u9996\u5148\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u539f\u7c4d\u56fd\uff0c\u6240\u8c13repatriation\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u96be\u6c11\u90a3\u6837\u5728\u4ed6\u56fd\u5b89\u7f6e\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13settlement\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u8fd8\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6709\u74dc\u845b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7684\u6781\u53f3\u7ffc\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u73ed\u8fbe\u62c9\u201d(Bandera)\uff0c\u4e5f\u72af\u6709\u5c60\u6740\u548c\u8feb\u5bb3\u62b5\u6297\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u4ed6\u65cf\u5e73\u6c11\uff08\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u6076\u540d\u4e0d\u4e9a\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u3002\u968f\u7740\u540e\u6765\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u201c\u7ea2\u8272\u96be\u6c11\u201d\u6295\u5954\u81ea\u7531\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u663e\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u603b\u4f53\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u89c6\u4e3a\u7ea2\u8272\u96be\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u96be\u6c11\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e0e\u9003\u79bb\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6279DP\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u5bf9\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u96be\u6c11\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5a92\u4f53\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u9020\u52bf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u6536\u3002\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eca\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u6536\u65e0\u201c\u7956\u56fd\u201d\u53ef\u5f52\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u63d0\u9632\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u7531\u5f97\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4ece\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u5965\u5730\u5229\u548c\u6377\u514b\u7b49\u56fd\u9a71\u8d76\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u767b\u4e0a\u6d77\u8f6e\u5468\u6e38\u897f\u65b9\u5217\u56fd\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u6536\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5b9e\u5374\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u957f\u671f\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u504f\u89c1\u4f7f\u5f97\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0a\u5cb8\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u5e78\u8fd0\u513f\u3002\u88c5\u8fd0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\u5468\u6e38\u4e00\u756a\u540e\u53c8\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u9001\u56de\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u4e861948\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u6279\u50f5\u6301\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u201d\u7684\u5883\u9047\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f3a\u5236\u8fd9\u6279\u4eba\u56de\u5230\u82cf\u8054\u9635\u8425\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u50cf\u96be\u6c11\u4e00\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u914d\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\uff0c\u4ece\u539f\u6765\u7684repatriation\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230settlement\u3002\u603b\u4e4b \uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u30021948\u5e74\u7684\u4e24\u8d77\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5b89\u7f6e\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u6cd5\u6848\u201d\uff08The Displaced Persons Act\uff09, \u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u603b\u7edf\u4e8e\u516d\u670825\u65e5\u7b7e\u7f72\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u6536\u7559200000\u540d\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u7684DP\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u867d\u7136\u53f7\u79f0\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u5929\u5802\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u800c\u4ee5\u7acb\u6cd5\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u63a5\u53d7\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u91cf\u7279\u5b9a\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fd8\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u56fd\u5728\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u6ede\u7559\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u96be\u6c11\u5b89\u7f6e\u8425\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u79fb\u6c11\u53bb\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u5b89\u7f6eDP\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u56fd\u5185\u7ecf\u6d4e\u91cd\u5efa\u8ba1\u5212\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u79c1\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u52a0\u5165\u653f\u5e9c\u51fa\u9762\u7684\u5b89\u7f6e\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4ece\u96be\u6c11\u4e2d\u6311\u9009\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u62c5\u52b3\u52a8\u4efb\u52a1\u7684DP\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u7531\u82cf\u8054\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u767e\u4e07\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u53bb\u5904\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6279\u4eba\u7684\u5b89\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u540e\u6765\u5bf9\u7ea2\u8272\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u5b89\u7f6e\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u5148\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<h5 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\uff0c\u4ece\u516b\u6708\u5230\u4e5d\u6708\u5171\u6709\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u67b6\u6b21\u98de\u884c\u30021954\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0\u65f6\u670920\u591a\u4e07\u4eba\u6d8c\u5165\u5357\u65b9\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5317\u8d8a\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u96be\u6c11\u901a\u9053\u8bbe\u7f6e\u969c\u788d\u3002\u8d1f\u8d23\u76d1\u7763\u505c\u706b\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5317\u8d8a\u963b\u6b62\u6218\u4fd8\u56de\u5f52\u5357\u65b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e3a\u53bb\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5b89\u7f6e\u8425\u51cf\u5c11\u98df\u54c1\u4f9b\u5e94\u548c\u536b\u751f\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u542c\u4efb\u9965\u997f\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u96be\u6c11\u6b7b\u4e8e\u5b89\u7f6e\u8425\uff0c\u5e76\u903c\u8feb\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u53d8\u5356\u9996\u9970\u7b49\u8d35\u91cd\u7269\u54c1\u7528\u4e8e\u8d3f\u8d42\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u8d8a\u5357\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u6709\u8fd1\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u5230\u4e86\u5357\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u5317\u8d8a\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u5927\u7ea61500\u4e07\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1 George Bailey, \u201cThe greatest Flight from communism: 3,500,000 Leave East German\u201d, in \u201cDisillusioned: Twelve Million Refugees from Communism\u201d. Completed and edited by Mark Piros. 1959. 65. https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/readingroom\/docs\/CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140007-0.pdf<\/p>\n<p>2 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5728\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u7ea6\u662f250\u4e07\uff0c\u5982https:\/\/www.the-independent.com\/life-style\/history\/berlin-wall-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-barrier-that-divided-east-and-west-9847347.html<\/p>\n<p>3 Eric Limbach\uff0c \u201cUnsettled Germans : the reception and resettlement of East German refugees in West Germany, 1949-1961\u201d https:\/\/d.lib.msu.edu\/etd\/1605?q=Wurttemberg+Germany+History+18th+century<\/p>\n<p>4 USCIS \u201cOperation Safe Haven: The Hungarian Refugee Crisis of 1956\u201d<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscis.gov\/about-us\/our-history\/stories-from-the-archives\/operation-safe-haven-the-hungarian-refugee-crisis-of-1956\" rel=\"\">https:\/\/www.uscis.gov\/about-us\/our-history\/stories-from-the-archives\/operation-safe-haven-the-hungarian-refugee-crisis-of-1956<\/a>;<\/p>\n<p>William Butler and Alejandro Sante, USAR, US European Command, \u201c65 Years Ago: Providing a Safe Harbor\u201d https:\/\/www.eucom.mil\/article\/41614\/65-years-ago-providing-a-safe-harbor<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eucom.mil\/article\/41614\/65-years-ago-providing-a-safe-harbor\" rel=\"\">https:\/\/www.eucom.mil\/article\/41614\/65-years-ago-providing-a-safe-harbor<\/a>;<\/p>\n<p>William Lambers\uff0c\u201cBe Like Ike: Give Safe Haven to War Refugees\u201d<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.hnn.us\/article\/be-like-ike-give-safe-haven-to-war-refugees<\/p>\n<p>5 Bailey \u201cThe greatest Flight from communism\u201d\uff0c99.<\/p>\n<p>6\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/DataQuery\/\" rel=\"\">&#8220;World Population Prospects \u2013 Population Division \u2013 United Nations&#8221;<\/a><em>.<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160919061238\/https:\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/DataQuery\/\" rel=\"\">Archived<\/a><em>\u00a0<\/em>from the original on 19 September 2016<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>7 https:\/\/forestry.ubc.ca\/about\/our-history\/sopron-story\/<\/p>\n<p>8 https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Dominique-Pire<\/p>\n<p>9 Francesca Rolandi\uff0c \u201c\u2018Yugoslavia is (not) a Refugee Country?\u2019 Refugees between Transit and Integration in an Ever-Changing Socialist State\u201d Nationalities Papers (2025), 53: 2, 468\u2013488.<\/p>\n<p>10 Ulf Brunnbauer, \u201cYugoslav\u00a0<em>Gastarbeiter<\/em>\u00a0and the Ambivalence of Socialism: Framing Out-Migration as a Social Critique\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/brill.com\/view\/journals\/jmh\/5\/3\/article-p413_413.xml?language=en%20Abstract<\/p>\n<p>11 Refuge Relief Act, Public Law 83-203, 67 Stat. 400 (1953); Daniels,\u00a0<em>Coming to America<\/em>: 336; Stathis,\u00a0<em>Landmark Legislation<\/em>: 240\u2013241; Reimers,\u00a0<em>Still the Golden Door:<\/em>\u00a024; Chan,\u00a0<em>Asian Americans<\/em>: 141.<\/p>\n<p>12 https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/readingroom\/docs\/CIA-RDP80R01731R003000170004-1.pdf<\/p>\n<p>13 1950\u5e74\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e0b\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u5728\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5386\u6b21\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u89c1Gil Loescher \u201cUNHCR\u2019s Origins and Early History: Agency, Influence, and Power in Global Refugee Policy\u201d\u3002file:\/\/\/Users\/yinghongcheng\/Downloads\/admin,+40450-50978-2-PB_E.pdf<\/p>\n<p>14 \u201cPolitiburo\u2019s Directive Issued on May 4, 1953, on Some Special Issues regarding Mass Mobilization.\u201d\u00a0<em>Journal of Vietnamese Studies<\/em>\u00a05.2. (2010). 243.<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"header-anchor-post\">\u7a0b\u6620\u8679\uff5c\u201c\u7ea2\u8272\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u201d\uff1a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u8fd0\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u53f2\uff08\u4e0b\uff09<\/h5>\n<div id=\"\u00a7\u7a0b\u6620\u8679\u7ea2\u8272\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u8fd0\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u53f2\u4e0b\" class=\"pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top\"><\/div>\n<h5 class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong style=\"font-family: 'Inter var', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 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Departure Program, ODP\uff09\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u201c\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\u201d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u7531\u5141\u8bb8\u56fd\u6c11\u51fa\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6d88\u51cf\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u7edd\u671b\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u51cf\u5c11\u51fa\u9003\u4eba\u6570\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u59a5\u534f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u53e4\u5df4\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u4e09\u7c7b\u8d8a\u5357\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f18\u5148\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u5b89\u7f6e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\uff0c\u8d8a\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u4f461975\u5e74\u672a\u64a4\u8d70\u7684\uff0c\u548c\u6709\u8fc7\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u201c\u518d\u6559\u80b2\u8425\u201d\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f1a\u540e\uff0c\u4ece1979\u5e74\u52301982\u5e74\uff0c20\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a5\u6536\u4e86263800\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u96be\u6c11\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\u5b89\u7f6e\uff0c\u9646\u9646\u7eed\u7eed\u53c8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u96be\u6c11\u62b5\u8fbe\u6700\u7ec8\u5b89\u7f6e\u56fd\u3002\u4f46\u548c\u53e4\u7f8e\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u8c08\u5224\u548c\u5b89\u6392\u53ea\u80fd\u51cf\u8f7b\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u52301984\u5e74\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u89c4\u8303\u51fa\u5883\u201d\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u8fbe\u523029100\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u9003\u7684\u8239\u6c11\u6570\u91cf\u6bcf\u5e74\u4ecd\u7136\u670924866\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u63a7\u5236\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5408\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u96be\u6c11\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"header-anchor-post\">\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e<\/h5>\n<p>1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4e0e\u8d8a\u5357\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u51fa\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u64a4\u519b\uff09\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\uff081975-1979, \u5373\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u64a4\u519b\u5230\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6b64\u540e\u9646\u9646\u7eed\u7eed\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u96be\u6c11\u79bb\u5883\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u7ea2\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6240\u6709\u6781\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u4e2d\u6700\u6781\u7aef\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u5305\u7f57\u4e86\u4ece\u65af\u5927\u6797\u3001\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5230\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u7c7b\u653f\u6743\u7684\u6076\u884c\uff0c\u662f\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u6743\u4e0b\u7684\u6076\u884c\u63a8\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u3002\u5176\u7f6a\u884c\u7f44\u7af9\u96be\u4e66\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u532a\u5937\u6240\u601d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e9f\u9664\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u64a4\u7a7a\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u89e3\u6563\u5bb6\u5ead\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u7ea2\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u66b4\u529b\u5b8c\u5168\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u534e\u88d4\u53d7\u5bb3\u5c24\u70c8\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u65e0\u975e\u548c\u8d8a\u5357\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff1a\u534e\u88d4\u7ecf\u5546\u81f4\u5bcc\u7684\u591a\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u7ea2\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u867d\u7136\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e2d\u5171\u8f93\u8840\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u548c\u8d8a\u5171\u4e00\u6837\u89c6\u534e\u88d4\u4e3a\u79cd\u65cf\u5f02\u5df1\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5982\u8d8a\u5171\u90a3\u6837\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e0a\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u6837\u300220 \u6b64\u5916\u5c31\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5360\u591a\u6570\u7684\u5360\u65cf(Cham) ,\u8fd8\u6709\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8d8a\u5357\u88d4\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u754c\u5bf9\u7ea2\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fgenocide \u6216\u8005democide\uff0c\u5373\u653f\u6743\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u706d\u7edd\u3002\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u57fa\u4e8e\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u5c60\u573a\u300b\uff08The Killing Field\uff09\u66fe\u7ecf\u9707\u60ca\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5728\u7ea2\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7f79\u96be\u7684\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u4eba\u4e00\u822c\u4f30\u8ba1\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u8fbe\u4e24\u767e\u4e07\uff0c\u800c\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e03\u767e\u4e07\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u653f\u6743\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a5\u6536\u56fd\u3002\u548c\u5357\u8d8a\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u6700\u65e9\u4e00\u6279\u96be\u6c11\u662f1975\u5e74\u91d1\u8fb9\u6ca6\u9677\u524d\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u64a4\u79bb\u7684\u524d\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u96be\u6c11\u6551\u52a9\u6cd5\u6848\u7ed9\u4e88\u7b7e\u8bc1\u8c41\u514d\u7684130000\u540d\u989d\u4e2d\uff0c5000\u4e2a\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7ed9\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u540e\u6765\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u96be\u6c11\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8d8a\u5883\u5230\u6cf0\u56fd\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8239\u6c11\u30021976\u5e74\u52301979\u5e74\u662f\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u8d74\u7f8e\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6279\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53c8\u4ece\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u64a4\u51fa\u76843000\u4eba\u548c\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u8fb9\u5883\u96be\u6c11\u8425\u91cc\u76846000\u4eba\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6279\u662f1979\u5e74\u540e\u9003\u4ea1\u67ec\u6cf0\u8fb9\u5883\u96be\u6c11\u8425\u7684\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u4eba\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u6b64\u524d\u62b5\u7f8e\u7684\u96be\u6c11\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u7ea6150000\u4eba\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7ea2\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u867d\u7136\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4f59\u5b7d\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u897f\u90e8\u5c71\u533a\u987d\u6297\uff08\u76f4\u52302007\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u624d\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5fc3\u6709\u4f59\u60b8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u591a\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u66b4\u653f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u540e\u679c\u52a0\u4e0a1979\u5e74\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u9965\u8352\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u91cf\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u4eba\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u5bb6\u4e61\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5192\u9669\u8d8a\u5883\u30021979\u5e74\u52301990\u5e74\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e0b\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u673a\u6784\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u8425\u4e2d\u6536\u7559\u4e86160000\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u4eba\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u540e\u6765\u53bb\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\uff08\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u539f\u6b96\u6c11\u5b97\u4e3b\u56fd\uff09\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<h5 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\/>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u6ce8\u91ca\uff08\u7eed\u4e0a\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>15 Petropan.org \u201cMonsignor Bryan O. Walsh\u201d https:\/\/www.pedropan.org\/history<\/p>\n<p>16 Jorge Duany \u201cCuban Migration: A Postrevolution Exodus Ebbs and Flows\u201d https:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/article\/cuban-migration-postrevolution-exodus-ebbs-and-flows<\/p>\n<p>17 \u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u94f6\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u53e3\u8d44\u6599https:\/\/www.macrotrends.net\/global-metrics\/countries\/CUB\/cuba\/population<\/p>\n<p>18 Migration Policy Institute \u201cVietnamese Immigrants in the United States\u201d<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/article\/vietnamese-immigrants-united-states<\/p>\n<p>19 Vietnamese Heritage Museum, \u201cHistory of Vietnamese Refugees\u201d https:\/\/vietnamesemuseum.org\/our-roots\/our-history<\/p>\n<p>20 R. J. Rummel, \u201cStatistics of Cambodian Democide: Estimate, Calculation and Source\u201d, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/powerkills\/SOD.CHAP4.HTM \uff1bHolocaust and Genocide studies, University of Minnesota\uff0c\u201cThe Cambodian Genocide\u201d https:\/\/cla.umn.edu\/chgs\/holocaust-genocide-education\/resource-guides\/Cambodia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7a0b\u6620\u8679\uff5c\u201c\u7ea2\u8272\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u201d\uff1a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u8fd0\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u53f2\uff08\u4e0a\uff09 \u6587\u7ae0\u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55 Boston Review of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5340,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","category-light"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5339"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5339\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5341,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5339\/revisions\/5341"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}