{"id":5437,"date":"2025-07-26T09:07:52","date_gmt":"2025-07-26T13:07:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=5437"},"modified":"2025-07-26T09:07:52","modified_gmt":"2025-07-26T13:07:52","slug":"%e5%be%90%e8%b4%b2-%e9%9b%86%e4%b8%ad%e8%90%a5%e7%9a%84%e5%9b%9a%e7%8a%af%e4%ba%ba%e6%a0%bc%e5%92%8c%e4%b8%93%e5%88%b6%e6%9e%81%e6%9d%83%e7%9a%84%e8%87%a3%e6%b0%91%e4%ba%ba%e6%a0%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=5437","title":{"rendered":"\u5f90\u8d32 | \u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u56da\u72af\u4eba\u683c\u548c\u4e13\u5236\u6781\u6743\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\u4eba\u683c"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"post-header\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Post header\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-reset\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Post UFI\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-paddingTop-16 pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-reset\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset byline-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-gap-8 pc-alignItems-center pc-justifyContent-flex-start pc-reset\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-alignItems-center pc-justifyContent-flex-start pc-reset ltr-qDBmby\">\n<div class=\"profile-hover-card-target profileHoverCardTarget-PBxvGm\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-reset color-pub-primary-text-NyXPlw line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-reset\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"visibility-check\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5438\" src=\"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-1-300x192.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-1-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-1-1024x655.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-1-768x492.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-1-1200x768.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-1.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"available-content\">\n<div class=\"body markup\" dir=\"auto\">\n<p>\u7de8\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u5f90\u8d32\u6700\u65b0\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u539f\u53d1\u4e8e\u300a\u5e7f\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248\uff09\u300b2024\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u548c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u662f\u4e24\u4f4d\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u7eb3\u7cb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u56da\u72af\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u8457\u4f5c\uff1a\u300a\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u5fc3\u300b\u548c\u300a\u6d3b\u51fa\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u300b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5bf9\u56da\u72af\u7684\u975e\u4eba\u683c\u5316\u6467\u6b8b\u53ca\u5176\u4e25\u91cd\u540e\u679c\uff1a\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5c0a\u4e25\u611f\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u548c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u610f\u5fd7\u81ea\u4e3b\u548c\u5c0a\u4e25\u7b49\u672f\u8bed\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5265\u593a\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5265\u593a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u6216\u6781\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6d88\u9664\u4eba\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u548c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u5206\u6790\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u62b5\u6297\u53ef\u80fd\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u5173\u4e8e\u975e\u4eba\u5316\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"captioned-image-container\">\n<figure>\n<div class=\"image2-inset\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!1udX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba3c27ca-5bd7-4c9e-938e-b6047c8b1cac_486x708.heic 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!1udX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba3c27ca-5bd7-4c9e-938e-b6047c8b1cac_486x708.heic 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!1udX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba3c27ca-5bd7-4c9e-938e-b6047c8b1cac_486x708.heic 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!1udX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba3c27ca-5bd7-4c9e-938e-b6047c8b1cac_486x708.heic 1456w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"sizing-normal\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!1udX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba3c27ca-5bd7-4c9e-938e-b6047c8b1cac_486x708.heic\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!1udX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba3c27ca-5bd7-4c9e-938e-b6047c8b1cac_486x708.heic 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!1udX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba3c27ca-5bd7-4c9e-938e-b6047c8b1cac_486x708.heic 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!1udX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba3c27ca-5bd7-4c9e-938e-b6047c8b1cac_486x708.heic 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!1udX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba3c27ca-5bd7-4c9e-938e-b6047c8b1cac_486x708.heic 1456w\" alt=\"\" width=\"486\" height=\"708\" data-attrs=\"{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/images\/ba3c27ca-5bd7-4c9e-938e-b6047c8b1cac_486x708.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:708,&quot;width&quot;:486,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:33712,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image\/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}\" \/><\/picture>\n<div class=\"image-link-expand\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-reset icon-container view-image\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u63d0\u51fa\u5173\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u5305\u62ec\u770b\u5b88\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u518d\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u548c\u4eba\u683c\u53d8\u5f02\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u201c\u4eba\u683c\u201d\uff08personality\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u4e2a\u6027\u201d\u3002\u201c\u4eba\u683c\u201d\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u3001\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u72ec\u7279\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u3002personality\u4e00\u8bcd\u6e90\u4e8e\u62c9\u4e01\u6587 persona\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u9762\u5177\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u6216\u4e2a\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u53bb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u683c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u672c\u8d28\u201d\u3002\u4eba\u683c\u5173\u4e4e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u611f\u60c5\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u9002\u5e94\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u8fde\u8d2f\u800c\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u6301\u7eed\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u4eba\u751f\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u73af\u5883\u538b\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u6709\u6781\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u6587\u5b66\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u4e24\u4f4d\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7ef4\u514b\u591a\u00b7\u5f17\u5170\u514b\uff08Viktor Frankl\uff09\u548c\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\u00b7\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\uff08Bruno Bettelheim\uff09\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4eba\u683c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76d1\u7981\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u8bba\u8bc1\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u56da\u72af\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4f5c\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5bcc\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u5e76\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u56da\u72af\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u53d8\u5f02\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u5374\u662f\u5171\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u6b7b\u4ea1\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4e2d\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u5904\u5883\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u548c\u5851\u9020\u56da\u72af\uff1f\u56da\u72af\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u5148\u524d\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u548c\u4eba\u6027\u610f\u8bc6\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u65e6\u91cd\u83b7\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u81ea\u6211\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u81f3\u4eca\u5bf9\u8eab\u5904\u5176\u4ed6\u6781\u7aef\u72b6\u51b5\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4ecd\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u5904\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u9177\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u53bb\u4eba\u683c\u5316\u7684\u6076\u52bf\u529b\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u62b5\u6297\u3002\u4eba\u683c\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0a\uff0c\u62b5\u6297\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u575a\u6301\u771f\u5b9e\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u8fa8\u522b\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u5728\u60c5\u7eea\u4e0a,\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u51b7\u9759\u548c\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u9677\u5165\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7edd\u671b\u548c\u6124\u4e16\u5ac9\u4fd7\uff1b\u5728\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u7231\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u81ea\u79c1\u548c\u81ea\u5229\uff1b\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u653e\u5f03\u505a\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u5728\u5185\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5411\u90aa\u6076\u5c48\u670d\uff1b\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u505a\u4eba\u7684\u5e95\u7ebf\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u5e9f\u4eba\uff1b\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u6b63\u4e49\u548c\u516c\u7406\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u771f\u4f2a\u6709\u522b\u3001\u5584\u6076\u6709\u522b\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u771f\u5b9e\u80dc\u8fc7\u865a\u5047\u3001\u5584\u826f\u80dc\u8fc7\u90aa\u6076\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"captioned-image-container\">\n<figure>\n<div class=\"image2-inset\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!8zne!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64fda74a-4775-4fa8-83bc-7ef9d678e08f_768x1099.webp 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!8zne!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64fda74a-4775-4fa8-83bc-7ef9d678e08f_768x1099.webp 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!8zne!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64fda74a-4775-4fa8-83bc-7ef9d678e08f_768x1099.webp 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!8zne!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64fda74a-4775-4fa8-83bc-7ef9d678e08f_768x1099.webp 1456w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"sizing-normal\" title=\"\u56fe\u7247\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!8zne!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64fda74a-4775-4fa8-83bc-7ef9d678e08f_768x1099.webp\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!8zne!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64fda74a-4775-4fa8-83bc-7ef9d678e08f_768x1099.webp 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!8zne!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64fda74a-4775-4fa8-83bc-7ef9d678e08f_768x1099.webp 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!8zne!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64fda74a-4775-4fa8-83bc-7ef9d678e08f_768x1099.webp 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!8zne!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64fda74a-4775-4fa8-83bc-7ef9d678e08f_768x1099.webp 1456w\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" width=\"768\" height=\"1099\" data-attrs=\"{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/images\/64fda74a-4775-4fa8-83bc-7ef9d678e08f_768x1099.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1099,&quot;width&quot;:768,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;\u56fe\u7247&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}\" \/><\/picture>\n<div class=\"image-link-expand\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-reset icon-container view-image\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u7ef4\u514b\u591a\u00b7\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u5c14<\/p>\n<p>\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u548c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u56da\u72af\u4eba\u683c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u9610\u8ff0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e24\u4f4d\u867d\u7136\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u76f8\u5f53\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2(H G Adler)\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u683c\u96f7\u5409\u5c14(Tadeusz Grygier)\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u538b\u8feb\u9020\u6210\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fea\u59c6\u65af\u4ee3\u5c14\uff08Joel E Dimsdale\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u56da\u72af\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u5fb7\u666e\u96f7\u65af\uff08Des Pres\uff09\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u751f\u5b58\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53e6\u7c7b\u7684\u201c\u82df\u6d3b\u82f1\u96c4\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u548c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u90fd\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\u548c\u5546\u69b7\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u548c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u6709\u4eb2\u8eab\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u540e\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u6bd4\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u8bad\u7ec3\u3001\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u7740\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5206\u91cf\u3002\u51ef\u745f\u7433\u00b7\u5229\u5947\uff08Catherine Leach\uff09\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\u00b7\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u300a\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u5fc3\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u5206\u91cf\u6700\u91cd\u7684\u3002\u201d1984\u5e74\uff0c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u7684\u300a\u4eba\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u300b\u2014\u2014\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u300a\u6d3b\u51fa\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u300b\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u672c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5370\u5237\u4e8673\u6b21\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u672c\u5df2\u7ecf\u552e\u51fa250\u4e07\u518c\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed619\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u5176\u5728\u8bfb\u8005\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u5206\u91cf\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u6b7b\u540e\u540d\u8a89\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u663e\u5f97\u76f8\u5bf9\u6697\u6de1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u548c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u90fd\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u56e0\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\uff0c\u4f46\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u751f\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5e78\u5b58\u53d9\u8ff0\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u8003\u3002\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u5728\u83b7\u51c6\u79fb\u6c11\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4e2d\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u5e74\uff081938\u20141939\uff09\uff1b\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u89e3\u653e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ece1941\u81f31945\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8425\u4e2d\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e864\u5e74\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4e2d\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u666e\u901a\u56da\u72af\u7684\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5904\u5883\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u672a\u6765\u6709\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u672a\u6765\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7231\u7684\u4eba\u56e2\u805a\uff0c\u90fd\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u6050\u6016\u4e2d\u5e78\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u8bb0\u8ff0\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u540d\u4fd8\u864f\u66fe\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c\u4ed6\u62b5\u8fbe\u8f66\u7ad9\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u957f\u957f\u7684\u961f\u4f0d\u6b65\u884c\u5230\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u53ea\u89c9\u5f97\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u8d70\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51fa\u6ba1\u884c\u5217\u91cc\u4f3c\u5730\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4eff\u4f5b\u65e9\u5df2\u6b7b\u53bb\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u8fc7\u773c\u4e91\u70df\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u8a00\u3002\u201d\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u201c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u56da\u72af\u8eab\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u56fd\u5bb6\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u7684\u53d7\u652f\u914d\u8005\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u8d8a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5012\u9000\u5230\u5a74\u513f\u671f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u9000\u5316\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u56e0\u6b64\u63a5\u53d7\u76d6\u4e16\u592a\u4fdd\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e4b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u6743\u4e0b\u5fcd\u53d7\u4e86\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4e2d\u7684\u8001\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u5e76\u5f3a\u5316\u90a3\u79cd\u80fd\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5e26\u6765\u751f\u5b58\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8457\u540d\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u7597\u6cd5\u201d\uff08logo therapy\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\uff1a\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u610f\u613f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u52a8\u529b \u3002\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc3\u7406\u7597\u6cd5\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u96c6\u4f53\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e2d\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u56da\u72af\u518d\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5173\u4e8e\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6781\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u201c\u5927\u4f17\u201d\uff08\u7fa4\u4f17\uff09\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u5fc3\u300b\u4e2d\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u56da\u72af\u5fc3\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u89c2\u70b9\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u5e76\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u505a\u4e86\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u57c3\u5c14\u91d1\u65af\u7528\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u975e\u6d32\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5974\u96b6\u5a74\u513f\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa, \u4e3a\u4e86\u5fc3\u7406\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u2018\u597d\u7236\u4eb2\u2019\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u201c\u6148\u7236\u201d\u822c\u7684\u9886\u8896\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u671f\u76fc\u5728\u6781\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\u3002\u53c8\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u5409\u767b\u65af\uff08Anthony Giddens\uff09\u4ece\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u5bf9\u201c\u518d\u793e\u4f1a\u201d(resocialization)\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u518d\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u7531\u4e8e\u6781\u7aef\u7ecf\u5386\uff08\u6216\u201c\u5371\u6025\u60c5\u51b5\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5e38\u89c4\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u53d8\u662f\u4eba\u5728\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u5916\u529b\u9a71\u4f7f\u4e0b\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u9002\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u73af\u5883\u9002\u5e94\u3002\u6781\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u53d8\u5f62\u548c\u4eba\u6027\u6ca6\u4e27\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u518d\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5409\u767b\u65af\u7684\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u8bba\u8ff0\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u6765\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u5bf9\u201c\u8001\u56da\u72af\u201d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5409\u767b\u65af\u5728\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6784\u6210\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u201d\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4e2d\u56da\u72af\u4eba\u683c\u9000\u5316\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c \u201c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u53d8\u5316\u201d\u662f \u201c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u7684\u56da\u72af\u5728\u6570\u5e74\u5185\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316 \u201c\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u987a\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5012\u9000\u201d\u3002\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u201c\u8001\u56da\u72af\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u957f\u671f\u751f\u6d3b\u5e76\u9002\u5e94\u4e8e\u6781\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u201c\u8001\u987a\u6c11\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5bf9\u5916\u9762\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u878d\u5165\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u7d20\u8d28\u9000\u5316\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u9000\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6a21\u4eff\u538b\u8feb\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba8\u597d\u538b\u8feb\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u771f\u7684\u5728\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u538b\u8feb\u8005\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u56da\u72af\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u89e3\u91ca<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u548c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4e8b\u7269\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u3002\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5374\u5c06\u5176\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u56da\u72af\u6027\u683c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u578b\u7c7b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u591a\u6709\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u53c8\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u8c61\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7eaf\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u800c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u7b80\u00b7\u5f17\u83b1\u514b\u65af\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53d9\u4e8b\u90fd\u6709\u5efa\u6784\u6027\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u9a6c\u5e93\u65af\u548c\u963f\u5170\u00b7\u7f57\u68ee\u4f2f\u683c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u79cd\u53d9\u4e8b\u662f\u2018\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u2019\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u548c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u56da\u72af\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc<strong>\u201c\u89c2\u5ff5\u53d8\u5316\u201d<\/strong>\uff08opinion change\uff09\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u56da\u72af\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u53d1\u751f\u89c2\u5ff5\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5374\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u51ef\u5c14\u66fc\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u548c\u5f62\u6210\u59cb\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u201c\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u88ab\u91c7\u7eb3\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u201c\u89c2\u5ff5\u53d8\u5316\u201d\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<strong>\u987a\u4ece\u3001\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u5185\u5316<\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u90a3\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u653e\u5f03\u81ea\u5df1\u539f\u6765\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u6539\u53d8\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u987a\u4ece\u201d\uff08compliance\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4eff\u7167\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5229\u6216\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6539\u53d8\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u8ba4\u540c\u201d\uff08identification\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e73\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7a7f\u519b\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u519b\u88c5\u662f\u9ad8\u7b49\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u800c\u7a7f\u4e0a\u519b\u88c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u53d8\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\uff0c\u88ab\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u8bf1\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5185\u5316\u201d\uff08internalization\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u51ef\u5c14\u66fc\u6240\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6539\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u8d77\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5728\u7c7b\u578b\u4e92\u52a8\u65f6\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u548c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u90fd\u5173\u6ce8\u56da\u72af\u89c2\u5ff5\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u540c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u533a\u522b\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56da\u72af\u5fc5\u987b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5bf9\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u987a\u4ece\uff08\u6216\u670d\u4ece\uff09\u3002\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u8fd8\u6709\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u5343\u65b9\u767e\u8ba1\u5730\u6d3b\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56da\u72af\u662f\u4e3a\u4fdd\u4f4f\u6027\u547d\u624d\u670d\u4ece\u515a\u536b\u519b\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u987a\u4ece\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u8ba4\u540c\u515a\u536b\u519b\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u957f\u4e45\u5730\u6d3b\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56da\u72af\u65e9\u5df2\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u9002\u5e94\u4e86\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\u89c4\u77e9\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u60f3\u515a\u536b\u519b\u6240\u60f3\uff0c\u628a\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5316\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9886\u4f1a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6df1\u4e0e\u63a5\u53d7\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e24\u6837\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u201c\u8ba4\u540c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5185\u5316\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6210\u4e3a\u56da\u72af\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba4\u540c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5185\u5316\u201d\u5373\u4f7f\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5012\u662f\u5728\u53e4\u62c9\u683c\u52b3\u6539\u8425\u91cc\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u76d1\u7ba1\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6539\u9020\u72af\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6811\u7acb\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u72af\u4eba\u6709\u8131\u80ce\u6362\u9aa8\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u5185\u5316\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u53e4\u62c9\u683c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u540c\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u6a21\u4eff\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u88ab\u83b1\u7ef4\u79f0\u4e3a\u56da\u72af\u201c\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u8005\u6240\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u594b\u529b\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u9f50\u201d\uff1b\u4ed6\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u4eff\u3001\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u6216\u4eff\u6548\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u538b\u8feb\u8005\u548c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u53d8\u6362\u201d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f15\u8d77\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u4ece\u591a\u79cd\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u4e5f\u8c08\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u56da\u72af\u7528\u51f6\u72e0\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u624b\u6bb5\u5bf9\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u4f46\u884c\u51f6\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eab\u6709\u7279\u6743\u7684\u201c\u5361\u6ce2\u201d\uff08\u56da\u72af\u5de5\u5934\u6216\u7ba1\u4e8b\uff09\u3002\u5361\u6ce2\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u6bd4\u770b\u5b88\u66f4\u4e25\u5389\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u56da\u72af\u3002\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5361\u6ce2\u51f6\u72e0\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba4\u540c\u6216\u5185\u5316\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5361\u6ce2\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5949\u547d\u5e72\u810f\u6d3b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u770b\u5b88\u7684\u80c1\u8feb\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u4f4f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7279\u522b\u5356\u529b\u5730\u8868\u73b0\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u56da\u72af\u7684\u4e25\u5389\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5219\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u522b\u7684\u56da\u72af\u6709\u79c1\u6028\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\u5c31\u631f\u79c1\u62a5\u590d\uff0c\u6076\u610f\u6574\u4eba\u3002\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5361\u6ce2\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u90a3\u4e9b\u6027\u683c\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u810f\u624b\u201d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u56da\u72af\u4e2d\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9177\u8650\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u2018\u5de5\u4f5c\u2019\u4e0d\u529b\uff0c\u6709\u8d1f\u6240\u6258\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u5237\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u90fd\u5356\u529b\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u4fe8\u82e5\u7eb3\u7cb9\u633a\u8fdb\u961f\u5458\u548c\u8425\u4e2d\u8b66\u536b\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5949\u547d\u5e72\u810f\u6d3b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u7231\u4e0a\u4e86\u5e72\u810f\u6d3b\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\u4e5f\u5c31\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u5bf9\u56da\u5f92\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4fa7\u91cd\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u5bf9\u56da\u72af\u4e2a\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u662f\u201c\u56da\u72af\u8ba4\u540c\u770b\u5b88\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u56da\u72af\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u548c\u4e2a\u6027\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u80fd\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u540c\u4e86\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u770b\u6cd5\u201d\uff09\u800c\u975e\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u201c\u8ba4\u540c\u201d\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6307\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1938\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u56da\u72af\u7a7f\u4e0a\u4e86\u770b\u5b88\u7684\u5e9f\u65e7\u5236\u670d\uff0c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u7684\u8001\u56da\u72af\u641c\u7f57\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u65e7\u519b\u88c5\uff0c\u5e76\u7a7f\u5f97\u50cf\u515a\u536b\u519b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u5185\u5316\u548c\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u5374\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u4f34\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u62c9\u65af\uff08Paul Neurath\uff09\u5c31\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56da\u72af\u613f\u610f\u7a7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e7\u5236\u670d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6bd4\u56da\u5f92\u5236\u670d\u66f4\u6696\u548c\u3002\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u5f97\u770b\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e48\u7a7f\u7740\u7684\u56da\u72af\u5728\u5185\u5fc3\u611f\u89c9\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0d\u9002\u6216\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u5173\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e5f\u8fd8\u662f\u5408\u9002\u548c\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u4e5f\u6709\u56da\u72af\u628a\u7a7f\u5236\u670d\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5f53\u73a9\u7b11\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u3002\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u9b4f\u65af\uff08David Weiss\uff09\u6240\u5728\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u90a3\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u770b\u5b88\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8dd1\u5f97\u65e0\u5f71\u65e0\u8e2a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u8fdb\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed3\u5e93\u88ab\u7838\u5f00\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u6253\u5f00\u4ed3\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfb\u627e\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8863\u670d\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u8671\u5b50\uff0c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u5417\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u6362\u4e86\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u6362\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\uff3b\u7b11\uff3d\u7a7f\u4e0a\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5236\u670d\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u5c06\u519b\uff3b\u7b11\uff3d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7a7f\u4e0a\u4e86\u5c06\u519b\u7684\u5236\u670d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c09\u7684\u5236\u670d\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u80fd\u77a7\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u8c01\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u770b\u770b\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u56da\u72af\uff3b\u7b11\uff3d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\uff3b\u7b11\uff3d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7a7f\u7740\u5fb7\u56fd\u5236\u670d\u3002\u201d\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u7a7f\u4e0a\u536b\u5175\u5236\u670d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5236\u670d\u3002\u600e\u4e48\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u597d\u73a9\u548c\u5e7d\u9ed8\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5236\u670d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8c61\u5f81\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7a7f\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8863\u670d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u73a9\u7b11\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u6b64\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u65e0\u6743\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6709\u6743\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u3002\u7a7f\u4e0a\u5236\u670d\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u5b83\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u670d\u88c5\u6709\u9690\u79d8\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6db5\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u519b\u670d\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8863\u7740\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u8863\u7740\u653f\u6cbb\u590d\u6742\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u9002\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u548c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u90fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u56da\u72af\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0e\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u5f3a\u8c03\u8001\u56da\u72af\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u5185\u5316\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4e2d\u5e78\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u56da\u72af\u2014\u2014\u8bb8\u591a\u662f\u8001\u56da\u72af\u2014\u2014\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u672a\u6765\u6709\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u672a\u6765\u8981\u4e0e\u5bb6\u4eba\u6216\u7231\u4eba\u56e2\u805a\u3002\u5bf9\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u957f\u671f\u5173\u62bc\u7684\u8001\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u4e0e\u5bb6\u4eba\u76f8\u805a\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u539f\u5148\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8001\u56da\u72af\u5728\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u786e\u5b9e\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\uff1a\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\u4e3a\u68a6\u5883\u6240\u9a97\u554a\uff01\u6211\u4eec\u68a6\u5230\u83b7\u91ca\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u6765\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u83b7\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u91cd\u8fd4\u6545\u4e61\uff0c\u4f1a\u89c1\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u62e5\u62b1\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd8\u5750\u5728\u9910\u684c\u65c1\u8fb9\uff0c\u7545\u8c08\u8425\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u7ecf\u5386\u2014\u2014\u8fd8\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u68a6\u5230\u83b7\u91ca\u7684\u5149\u666f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0e\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u670b\u53cb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u671f\u5f85\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u7684\u56da\u72af\u6709\u5b8f\u5927\u800c\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u505a\u767d\u65e5\u68a6\u65f6\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u4e0e\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u56e2\u805a\u6216\u5ef6\u7eed\u6218\u524d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u767d\u65e5\u68a6\u53ef\u4ee5\u90e8\u5206\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56da\u72af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6743\u52bf\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u6240\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u56de\u62a5\u6216\u5b89\u6170\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u516c\u5171\u804c\u4f4d\u624d\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f53\u9762\u5730\u4e0e\u5bb6\u4eba\u76f8\u805a\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u5916\u95ef\u8361\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u6df7\u5f97\u843d\u9b44\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u68a6\u60f3\u5927\u5bcc\u5927\u8d35\u5730\u8863\u9526\u8fd8\u4e61\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u767d\u65e5\u68a6\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u8865\u507f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u548c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u68a6\u60f3\u662f\u4ee5\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u56da\u72af\u7684\u767d\u65e5\u68a6\u5374\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u9762\u5411\u865a\u5984\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u8001\u56da\u72af\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6cae\u4e27\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u8f89\u714c\u76f8\u6bd4\u2026\u2026\u53ef\u80fd\u592a\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u4e27\u4e86\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u548c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u533a\u522b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u56da\u72af\u5bf9\u957f\u671f\u7981\u95ed\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e5f\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u5728\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u5f53\u987a\u6c11\u548c\u5974\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u6050\u6016\u53d8\u5f97\u9ebb\u6728\u3002\u4f46\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u540c\u515a\u536b\u519b\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8001\u56da\u72af\u4f1a\u4ece\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8003\u8651\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6a21\u4eff\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u505a\u6d3e\uff0c\u50cf\u515a\u536b\u519b\u90a3\u6837\u884c\u4f7f\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u8eab\u4f53\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u65e7\u5236\u670d\u6216\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8863\u670d\u6309\u515a\u536b\u519b\u5236\u670d\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u6765\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u6bd4\u8ba4\u540c\u8863\u7740\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u8ba4\u540c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4f18\u8d8a\u8bba\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u8bf4\u8f9e\uff1a\u897f\u65b9\u6279\u8bc4\u7eb3\u7cb9\u8feb\u5bb3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u662f\u201c\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u7684\u7c97\u66b4\u5e72\u6d89\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u56da\u72af\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u613f\u610f\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u7684\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u53d7\u8fc7\u826f\u597d\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u540c\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u8d70\u5f97\u5f88\u8fdc\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u5173\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4e2d\u6b8b\u9177\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u3002\u515a\u536b\u519b\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u800c\u60e9\u7f5a\u4e86\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u4e8e\u524d\u56da\u72af\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u8001\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u62a5\u7eb8\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u8bc4\u8bba\u5fb7\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb0\u8005\u8868\u793a\u618e\u6076\u201d\u30021938\u5e74\uff0c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u8be2\u95ee\u4e86\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u540d\u8001\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\uff0c\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u5916\u56fd\u62a5\u7eb8\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u62a5\u9053\u7eb3\u7cb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u201c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u95ee\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u52a0\u5165\u5916\u56fd\u52bf\u529b\u4ee5\u6253\u8d25\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u6beb\u65e0\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u9003\u79bb\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u5176\u6240\u80fd\u5730\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4f5c\u6218\u201d\u3002\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u56da\u72af\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u5fb7\u56fd\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u6210\u5c31\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u8c6a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u541e\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u914d\u5408\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u65b0\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\uff08\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff09\u8001\u56da\u72af\u8ba4\u540c\u76d6\u4e16\u592a\u4fdd\u5bf9\u6240\u8c13\u2018\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u56da\u72af\u2019\uff08the unfit prisoner\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u8001\u5f31\u75c5\u6b8b\u56da\u72af\uff09\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u2026\u2026\u8ba4\u4e3a\u76d6\u4e16\u592a\u4fdd\u6e05\u7406\u7684\u662f\u2018\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u7684\u4eba\u2019\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6709\u4e9b\u56da\u72af\u8ba4\u540c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u770b\u5f97\u8981\u6bd4\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u6e05\u695a\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u53ea\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u5446\u957f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f1a\u5b66\u4f1a\u949d\u5316\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e0e\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u540c\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\uff0c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5bf9\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\u5fc3\u6001\u548c\u8ba4\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u66f4\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u56da\u72af\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u548c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u515a\u536b\u519b\u968f\u610f\u6253\u9a82\u548c\u52a8\u7c97\u4f5c\u98ce\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\uff1b\u800c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56da\u72af\u6240\u5904\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u73af\u5883\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u5347\u7ea7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7b26\u5408\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u89e3\u91ca\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u56da\u72af\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5e38\u76ee\u7779\u6bb4\u6253\u7684\u573a\u9762\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u51b2\u52a8\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u8ddf\u7740\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u6211\u5728\u53c8\u997f\u53c8\u7d2f\u65f6\u4e00\u65e6\u6012\u706b\u653b\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c31\u5e38\u53d1\u89c9\u81ea\u5df1\u53cc\u62f3\u7d27\u63e1\u3002\u201d\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u8425\u5730\u73af\u5883\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u5409\u767b\u65af\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd \u201c\u518d\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u201d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u7ecf\u5386\u671f\u95f4\u6216\u4e4b\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u521b\u9020\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u51e1\u4e8b\u90fd\u51ed\u62f3\u5934\u5927\u3001\u80f3\u818a\u7c97\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u5984\u60f3\u4ee5\u7406\u670d\u4eba\u3002\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u5bf9\u770b\u5b88\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u540c\u2014\u2014\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f31\u8089\u5f3a\u98df\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u6027\u534f\u5546\u6216\u8bf4\u7406\u3002\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u548c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u90fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u515a\u536b\u519b\u4e0d\u5728\u573a\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7c97\u66b4\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u53e3\u51fa\u6076\u8a00\uff0c\u6253\u67b6\u6597\u6bb4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u66b4\u529b\u503e\u5411\u5728\u6781\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u4e5f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7c97\u91ce\u548c\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\u76f8\u5f53\u666e\u904d\u3002\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5f53\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f46\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u548c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u90fd\u6709\u4eb2\u8eab\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89e3\u91ca\u7ecf\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u672c\u8eab\u6765\u6f84\u6e05\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u867d\u7136\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u56da\u72af\u4eba\u683c\u5fc3\u7406\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u5374\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u7c7b\u89c1\u8bc1\u6750\u6599\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u548c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u96be\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5f97\u51fa\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6216\u8bc1\u4f2a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u8d77\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56db\u3001\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u53e3\u8ff0\u8bc1\u8bcd\u7684\u5c40\u9650<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u548c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u516c\u4f17\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u670950\u4e07\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5e78\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u7ea6\u67095\u4e07\u4eba\u53bb\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u89c1\u8bc1\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u542c\u53d6\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u7684\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u60f3\u8bb2\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u4f17\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u51b2\u52a8\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u5199\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u201d\u6765\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u641c\u96c6\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u6216\u53e3\u8ff0\u89c1\u8bc1\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u6216\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e2d\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u5927\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u82f1\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5c60\u6740\u3002\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4ea7\u751f\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6d53\u539a\u3002\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u65af\u76ae\u5c14\u4f2f\u683c\u4e8e1994\u5e74\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u300a\u8f9b\u5fb7\u52d2\u7684\u540d\u5355\u300b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6d69\u52ab\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u89c6\u542c\u5386\u53f2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5c3d\u91cf\u641c\u96c6\u6240\u6709\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u3001\u89e3\u653e\u8005\u3001\u6551\u63f4\u8005\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u641c\u96c6\u548c\u6536\u85cf\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u53e3\u8ff0\u8bc1\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u6536\u85cf\u9986\u7684\u6863\u6848\u5efa\u8bbe\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8be5\u6536\u85cf\u9986\u662f\u7ebd\u7ea6\u516c\u5171\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u963f\u65af\u7279-\u83b1\u8bfa\u514b\u65af\u548c\u8482\u5c14\u767b\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u591a\u7f57\u7279\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5206\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u30021974\u5e74\u81f31975\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5bf9\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd62\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u505a\u4e86\u7ea6250\u6b21\u91c7\u8bbf\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u4e86\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\u957f\u5ea6\u4ece10\u9875\u5230250\u9875\u4e0d\u7b49\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u6218\u65f6\u7ecf\u5386\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u7f8e\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u5bf9\u5176\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u62db\u52df\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6839\u636e\u53e3\u53e3\u76f8\u4f20\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6216\u6b63\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u6f14\u8bb2\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u516c\u5f00\u5176\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u90a3\u91cc\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\uff0c\u897f\u5c14\u7ef4\u5a05-\u7f57\u65af\u67f4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7f16\u8f91\u4e86\u300a\u6765\u81ea\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u548c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u66fe\u88ab\u56da\u7981\u5728\u5965\u65af\u5a01\u8f9b\u3001\u8fbe\u8c6a\u548c\u5e03\u75d5\u74e6\u5c14\u5fb7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56da\u72af\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u4eba\u683c\u53d8\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u6750\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c1\u8bc1\u6750\u6599\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u91c7\u8bbf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u52fe\u8d77\u8bb8\u591a\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u89c1\u8bc1\u8005\u5728\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u5524\u56de\u548c\u53d9\u8ff0\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u538b\u6291\u548c\u6392\u9664\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u5bf9\u91c7\u8bbf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u5c31\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6392\u7ec3\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u516c\u4f17\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u5219\u907f\u514d\u63d0\u53ca\u6216\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6df1\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u201c\u89c1\u8bc1\u201d\u7684\u901a\u75c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u89c1\u8bc1\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u89e3\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\u4f1a\u88ab\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u591a\u63d0\u53ca\u62b5\u6297\u800c\u975e\u670d\u4ece\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u6de1\u5316\u81ea\u79c1\u81ea\u5229\u3001\u635f\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\u3001\u4e0e\u770b\u5b88\u5408\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e0d\u5149\u5f69\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u627e\u5230\u4e0e\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u56da\u72af\u4eba\u683c\u9000\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7167\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u5230\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u56da\u72af\u6bb4\u6253\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u6216\u72af\u4eba\u7a7f\u515a\u536b\u519b\u5236\u670d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u6709\u4eba\u786e\u5b9e\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u56da\u72af\u6253\u56da\u72af\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u522b\u7684\u56da\u72af\u6253\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6253\u522b\u4eba\u3002\u89c1\u8bc1\u8005\u90fd\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u5730\u53d9\u8ff0\u4ed6\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u6000\u5ff5\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u68a6\u89c1\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u89e3\u653e\u5e76\u4e0e\u5bb6\u4eba\u56e2\u805a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u5e0c\u671b\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u663e\u7136\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u6d3b\u51fa\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u201d\u201c\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u540e\u6765\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u575a\u6301\u5230\u6700\u540e\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u7684\u5e78\u5b58\u548c\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5076\u7136\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u8bb0\u5fc6\u504f\u5dee\u548c\u91cd\u6784\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u540e\u707e\u96be\u6216\u540e\u66b4\u884c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u548c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4eba\u683c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7591\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u53d7\u5230\u8fdc\u6bd4\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u8981\u591a\u7684\u975e\u8bae\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u6050\u6015\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5219\u662f\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u6307\u8d23\u6027\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u906d\u9047\u7f3a\u4e4f\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u72af\u4e86\u201c\u8d23\u5907\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u201d\u7684\u5fcc\u8bb3\u3002\u963f\u4f26\u7279\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u300a\u827e\u514b\u66fc\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u300b\u91cc\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4e0e\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u975e\u8bae\u3002\u5fb7\u666e\u96f7\u65af\u5bf9\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u7684\u975e\u8bae\u548c\u6307\u8d23\u662f\u6700\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\uff08\u4e0b\u6587\u8fd8\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09\u3002\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u653b\u51fb\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\uff0c\u8fde\u5e26\u653b\u51fb\u4e86\u56da\u72af\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4e2d\u56da\u72af\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u91cc\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u8ba4\u771f\u7814\u7a76\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4ece\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u57c3\u5c14\u91d1\u65af\uff08Stanley M. Elkins\uff09\u4ece\u57c3\u5229-\u79d1\u6069\uff08Elie Cohen\uff09\u548c\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\u00b7\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f15\u5411\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6587\u660e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u201d\u5b83\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u91ce\u86ee\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u666e\u96f7\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u201c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6587\u660e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6982\u5ff5\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6587\u660e\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6587\u5316\u6216\u8bb2\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u6587\u660e\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u201c\u82df\u6d3b\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90a3\u79cd\u5728\u5c48\u8fb1\u548c\u65e0\u52a9\u4e2d\u80fd\u575a\u6301\u201c\u6d3b\u7740\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u662f\u82df\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3002\u5fb7\u666e\u96f7\u65af\u89e3\u91ca\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\uff08\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\uff09\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u547d\uff1b\u8d4b\u4e88\u6587\u660e\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e27\u5931\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u548c\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4e5f\u5e76\u672a\u4e27\u5931\u5b83\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u5f3a\u5236\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c31\u6b64\u5426\u8ba4\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u6807\u51c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b8b\u5fcd\u548c\u91ce\u86ee\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u6781\u7aef\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0e\u4eba\u683c\u9000\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u56da\u72af\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53d8\u5316\u671f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u8003\u91cf\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u56da\u72af\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u6587\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u5230\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u73af\u5883\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56da\u72af\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u4ed6\u5728\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6240\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5168\u90fd\u629b\u5f03\u6216\u5fd8\u5374\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u7ecf\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u9002\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u53c8\u4f1a\u56de\u5f52\u6b63\u5e38\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u7528\u6587\u660e\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u5fb7\u666e\u96f7\u65af\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u7684\u72af\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u7528\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u6539\u53d8\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u53e4\u4eba\u4e5f\u65e9\u5c31\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u4e86\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5728\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u300a\u79d1\u897f\u62c9\u7684\u9769\u547d\u300b\u91cc\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u56e0\u4e3a\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u9769\u547d\u548c\u5185\u6218\uff0c\u79d1\u897f\u62c9\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u751f\u4ee4\u4eba\u77a0\u76ee\u7ed3\u820c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u672c\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u3001\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u719f\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u6218\u800c\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u654c\u5bf9\u7684\u515a\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u4ec7\u6068\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u6740\u5bb3\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u79d1\u897f\u62c9\u4eba\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c60\u6740\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u516c\u6c11\u4e2d\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eec\u6740\u5bb3\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u63a7\u4ee5\u9634\u8c0b\u63a8\u7ffb\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u79c1\u4ec7\u800c\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u503a\u52a1\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u88ab\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u6740\u5bb3\u7684\u3002\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6b7b\u6cd5\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u52bf\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6240\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u8d8b\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u8981\u574f\u4e9b\u3002\u6709\u7236\u4eb2\u6740\u6b7b\u513f\u5b50\u7684\uff1b\u6709\u88ab\u4ece\u795e\u5e99\u4e2d\u62d6\u51fa\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c31\u5728\u795e\u575b\u4e0a\u88ab\u5c60\u6740\u7684\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u88ab\u56f4\u5899\u5c01\u95ed\u5728\u9053\u5c3c\u4fee\u65af\uff08\u72c4\u5965\u5c3c\u4fee\u65af\uff09\u795e\u5e99\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6b7b\u5728\u795e\u5e99\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e0d\u5149\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u79d1\u897f\u62c9\u57ce\u91cc\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u548c\u6740\u622e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u9769\u547d\u7ed9\u5e0c\u814a\u4e16\u754c\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u52a8\u4e71\u3002\u4ed6\u5fe7\u5fc3\u5fe1\u5fe1\u5730\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u6b21\u9769\u547d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u6b8b\u9177\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6b8b\u9177\u4e9b\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6574\u4e2a\u5e0c\u814a\u4e16\u754c\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5f15\u8d77\u8bb8\u591a\u9769\u547d\u70ed\u5ff1\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u66b4\u884c\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e8e\u593a\u53d6\u653f\u6743\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u5904\u5fc3\u79ef\u8651\u548c\u95fb\u6240\u672a\u95fb\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u62a5\u590d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u6027\u5982\u6b64\u5815\u843d\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u6027\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u6076\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u6700\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u548c\u66b4\u529b\u4f1a\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u65e0\u9650\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4eba\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u826f\u5fc3\u548c\u601c\u60af\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u96c5\u5178\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u761f\u75ab\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u548c\u5e73\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6c42\u52a9\u4e8e\uff08\u5916\u6765\u52bf\u529b\uff09\u7684\u501f\u53e3\u548c\u613f\u671b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u515a\u6d3e\u603b\u80fd\u591f\u4fe1\u8d56\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u76df\uff0c\u4f24\u5bb3\u5b83\u7684\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5de9\u56fa\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u4f1a\u6c42\u52a9\u4e8e\u5916\u56fd\u3002\u5728\u5404\u57ce\u90a6\u4e2d\u8fd9\u79cd\u9769\u547d\u5e38\u5e38\u5f15\u8d77\u8bb8\u591a\u707e\u6b83\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u8981\u4eba\u6027\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u707e\u6b83\u73b0\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u201d\uff1b\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u57ce\u90a6\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u5730\u9075\u5b88\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u5f62\u52bf\u6240\u8feb\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u53bb\u505a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u53bb\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u672f\u58eb\u2026\u2026\u4f7f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u5fd7\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e4b\u4e0b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u6027\u9000\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u683c\u53d8\u8d28\uff0c\u5fc3\u7075\u6c89\u6ca6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u8bcd\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\u53e5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e0d\u77bb\u524d\u987e\u540e\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u515a\u6d3e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u52c7\u6562\uff1b\u8003\u8651\u5c06\u6765\u800c\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u61e6\u592b\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff1b\u4e2d\u5eb8\u601d\u60f3\u53ea\u662f\u8f6f\u5f31\u7684\u5916\u8863\uff1b\u4ece\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9002\u4e8e\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u51b2\u52a8\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u9634\u8c0b\u5bf9\u4ed8\u654c\u4eba\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u81ea\u536b\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u4e3b\u5f20\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4eba\u603b\u662f\u88ab\u4fe1\u4efb\uff1b\u51e1\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u603b\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u731c\u7591\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5fb7\u666e\u96f7\u65af\u5bf9\u201c\u5e78\u5b58\u201d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u91cc\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\u53e5\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u201c\u82df\u6d3b\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u751f\u5b58\u82f1\u96c4\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u53e6\u7c7b\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u52d2\u5e9e\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u9769\u547d\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u91cc\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5728\u201c\u9769\u547d\u201d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5883\u9047\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u65e6\u73af\u5883\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\u7a81\u7136\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u52a8\u4e71\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff08\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u8981\u7d20\uff09\u5e73\u8861\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5206\u5d29\u79bb\u6790\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u5d2d\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u5c06\u7531\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u611f\u89c9\u4ee5\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u60ca\u4eba\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7b80\u76f4\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u540e\u5224\u82e5\u4e24\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u96c5\u5404\u5bbe\u6d3e\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u53cb\u5584\u8457\u79f0\u7684\u6e29\u6587\u5c14\u96c5\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u7adf\u7136\u53d8\u5f97\u55dc\u8840\u6210\u6027\uff0c\u6b8b\u5fcd\u597d\u6740\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52d2\u5e9e\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u5fb7\u666e\u96f7\u65af\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u7c7b\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u201c\u4ec7\u6068\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u3001\u5bf9\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u523a\u6fc0\u7740\u5927\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f46\u618e\u6068\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u618e\u6068\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540c\u515a\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u8981\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6beb\u65e0\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9769\u547d\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u53db\u56fd\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5938\u5938\u5176\u8c08\uff0c\u65e2\u8150\u8d25\u53c8\u65e0\u80fd\uff0c\u5e72\u5c3d\u4e86\u6697\u6740\u7684\u52fe\u5f53\uff0c\u9aa8\u5b50\u91cc\u4e0e\u66b4\u541b\u65e0\u5f02\u3002\u201d\u201c\u6b63\u662f\u5e26\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc5\u6b32\u7f6e\u5bf9\u624b\u4e8e\u6b7b\u5730\u800c\u540e\u5feb\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u6b8b\u6740\uff1a\u5409\u4f26\u7279\u6d3e\u3001\u4e39\u4e1c\u6d3e\u3001\u57c3\u8d1d\u5c14\u6d3e\u3001\u7f57\u4f2f\u65af\u5e87\u5c14\u6d3e\u7b49\u7b49\u6d3e\u522b\u6982\u83ab\u80fd\u5916\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u7d27\u968f\u4ec7\u6068\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u662f\u201c\u6050\u60e7\u201d\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u52c7\u6562\u65e0\u754f\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u6240\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u80c6\u5c0f\u61e6\u5f31\u5e76\u884c\u4e0d\u6096\uff0c\u201c\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u6bd4\u6bd4\u7686\u662f\uff1a\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u5c31\u662f\u60df\u6050\u88ab\u4eba\u6307\u65a5\u4e3a\u6e29\u548c\u6d3e\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u516c\u5171\u68c0\u4e3e\u4eba\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u2018\u7279\u6d3e\u5458\u2019\u3001\u9769\u547d\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u4e89\u5148\u6050\u540e\u5730\u8868\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u6bd4\u5bf9\u624b\u66f4\u6fc0\u8fdb\u3001\u66f4\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u6050\u60e7\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u4e00\u5207\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6839\u6e90\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91ce\u5fc3\u3001\u5ac9\u5992\u3001\u865a\u8363\u7b49\u7b49\u4e5f\u662f\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6781\u7aef\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u611f\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u90fd\u88ab\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u9650\u5236\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u53ef\u5bb9\u8bb8\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u6781\u5ea6\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u91ce\u5fc3\uff0c\u201c\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u58eb\u5175\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u786e\u5b9e\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u957f\u671f\u7684\u670d\u5f79\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u800c\u5728\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5219\u5927\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u5c06\u519b\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6781\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u5185\u8bba\u529f\u884c\u8d4f\uff0c\u52a0\u5b98\u8fdb\u7235\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u6781\u5ea6\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u8fde\u6700\u5351\u5fae\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u591f\u80dc\u4efb\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u865a\u8363\u5fc3\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5c31\u88ab\u8c03\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u683c\u53d8\u5f02\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u51e1\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5230\u5feb\u901f\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u53c8\u90fd\u5ac9\u5992\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u552f\u6050\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eba\u8d85\u8fc7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u683c\u5916\u6fc0\u8fdb\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u770b\u8c01\u80fd\u66f4\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u66f4\u6b8b\u5fcd\u7684\u6076\u9b54\u8868\u6f14\u7ade\u8d5b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u88ab\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d7\u5230\u538b\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u5f81\u5f00\u59cb\u6ecb\u957f\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u6cc4\u3001\u81a8\u80c0\u548c\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u7ea6\u675f\u5305\u62ec\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u89e3\u9664\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5e9f\u6b62\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f6c\u5730\u6c38\u8fdc\u4ee3\u66ff\u548c\u5f7b\u5e95\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u5957\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5267\u53d8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6b8b\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u7f13\u548c\u4e86\u5371\u9669\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6076\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u8715\u53d8\u88ab\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e13\u653f\u72ec\u88c1\u6216\u6781\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u5ef6\u7eed\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u5c31\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e13\u5236\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\u4eba\u683c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5f52\u7eb3\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u81e3\u6c11\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5982\u5974\u6027\u3001\u76f2\u4ece\u3001\u968f\u4f17\u3001\u51b7\u6f20\u3001\u61e6\u5f31\u3001\u865a\u5047\u3001\u611a\u8822\u3001\u5584\u4e8e\u4f2a\u88c5\u3001\u6025\u529f\u8fd1\u5229\u3001\u6b3a\u8f6f\u6015\u786c\u3001\u6124\u4e16\u5ac9\u4fd7\uff0c\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u8bf4\u5047\u8bdd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5df2\u6545\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8c22\u5929\u4f51\u5728\u300a\u4e13\u653f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\u5fc3\u7406\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6839\u5b50\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u754f\u60e7\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u5f81\u90fd\u6709\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u5fb7\u666e\u96f7\u65af\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u53e6\u7c7b\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u7684\u56da\u72af\u5fc3\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d53\u7f29\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49\u81e3\u6c11\u5fc3\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49\u81e3\u6c11\u5fc3\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6d53\u7f29\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u6216\u7fa4\u4f17\u5fc3\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8d8a\u662f\u6d53\u7f29\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u72ed\u9698\uff0c\u8d8a\u4e13\u95e8\uff0c\u8d8a\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u5728\u66f4\u52a0\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u76f4\u63a5\u7167\u642c\u6216\u79fb\u690d\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u53c2\u7167\u3002\u56da\u72af\u5fc3\u7406\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6d1e\u89c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u6781\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6781\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\u5fc3\u7406\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u56da\u72af\u5fc3\u7406\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u56da\u72af\u7fa4\u4f53\u5fc3\u7406\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e13\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\u5fc3\u7406\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u9014\u5f84\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e\u4eba\u6587\u7d20\u8d28\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u2014\u2014\u6587\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u5fc3\u6001\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u9000\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u62b5\u6297\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9000\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6709\u600e\u6837\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u5fc3\u7075\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u6839\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u62b5\u6297\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u90a3\u79cd\u6467\u6b8b\u4eba\u6027\u548c\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u8be5\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-reset color-pub-primary-text-NyXPlw line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA\">\n<div class=\"profile-hover-card-target profileHoverCardTarget-PBxvGm\"><a class=\"pencraft pc-reset decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM reset-IxiVJZ\" href=\"https:\/\/substack.com\/@bostonreviewofbooks\">\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55 Boston Review of Books<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-reset\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-reset color-pub-secondary-text-hGQ02T line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA\">Nov 04, 2024<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7de8\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u5f90\u8d32\u6700\u65b0\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u539f\u53d1\u4e8e\u300a\u5e7f\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248\uff09\u300b2024\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002\u8d1d\u7279\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u548c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u662f\u4e24\u4f4d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5438,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5437","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","category-light"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5437","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5437"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5437\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5439,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5437\/revisions\/5439"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5438"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5437"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5437"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5437"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}