{"id":5534,"date":"2025-08-18T09:40:40","date_gmt":"2025-08-18T13:40:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=5534"},"modified":"2025-08-18T09:40:40","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T13:40:40","slug":"%e6%9b%b8%e8%a9%95%e7%9f%ad%e8%a9%95-%e4%bd%bf%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e9%81%8b%e8%bd%89-%e5%b0%8d21%e4%b8%96%e7%b4%80%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a92025-%e6%9c%83%e8%ad%b0%e7%9a%84%e8%a7%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=5534","title":{"rendered":"\u66f8\u8a55\u77ed\u8a55 | \u4f7f\u6c11\u4e3b\u904b\u8f49–\u5c0d21\u4e16\u7d00\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa92025 \u6703\u8b70\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u6587\u7ae0\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55 Boston Review of Books<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Aug 18, 2025<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u7de8\u8005\u6309\uff1a8\u670814\u65e5-15\u65e5\uff0c\u7531Institute for the Study of Modern Authoritarianism (ISMA<\/strong>\u73fe\u4ee3\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7814\u7a76\u6240)<\/strong>\u8209\u8fa6\u7684Liberalism for the 21st Century2025 \u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u6c34\u9580\u8cd3\u9928\u8209\u884c\uff0c\u9019\u5834\u70ba\u671f\u5169\u5929\u7684\u6703\u8b70\u65e8\u5728\u532f\u805a\u5168\u7403\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3001\u8a18\u8005\u8207\u5021\u5c0e\u8005\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u63a2\u8a0e\u7576\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4e26\u5236\u5b9a\u61c9\u5c0d\u5168\u7403\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6d6a\u6f6e\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u9858\u666f\u3002\u6703\u8b70\u5c07\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u5f37\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u61c9\u5c0d\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ca\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7b49\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u8d85\u904e35\u4f4d\u6f14\u8b1b\u8005\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b78\u8005\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u8207\u6d3b\u52d5\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c07\u8fd1300\u4eba\u53c3\u52a0\u6703\u8b70\u3002\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55\u4e5f\u5168\u7a0b\u53c3\u52a0\u4e86\u6703\u8b70\u3002\u9019\u5834\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6703\u8b70\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u591a\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u6703\u8b70\u8209\u884c\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5f9e\u4e2d\u80fd\u5920\u5145\u5206\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u793e\u6703\u529b\u91cf\u52aa\u529b\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u5f62\u6210\u5236\u8861\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f49\u8f49\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u6559\u6388\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7D\u00b7\u666e\u7279\u5357\uff08Robert D. Putnam\uff09\u5728\u5176\u540d\u8457\u300a\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e3b\u904b\u8f49\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\uff08\u5305\u62ecNGO\uff09\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u901a\u904e\u5982\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u7db2\u7d61\u69cb\u5efa\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c\uff08social capital\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5efa\u7acb\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u4e5f\u6709\u8457\u6975\u5927\u7684\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f1978\u5e746\u6708\u6377\u514b\u74e6\u8328\u62c9\u592b\u00b7\u672c\u8fbe\uff08V\u00e1clav Benda\uff09\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u5e73\u884c\u57ce\u90a6\uff08The Parallel Polis\uff09\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6703\u8b70\u5728\u6c34\u9580\u8cd3\u9928\u8209\u884c Watergate Hotel…<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

8\u670814\u65e5-15\uff0c\u7531Institute for the Study of Modern Authoritarianism (ISMA<\/strong>\u73fe\u4ee3\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7814\u7a76\u6240)<\/strong>\u8209\u8fa6\u7684Liberalism for the 21st Century2025\u00a0\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u6c34\u9580\u8cd3\u9928\u8209\u884c\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u5f9e\u958b\u6703\u5730\u9ede\u2014\u2014\u66fe\u7d93\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5168\u570b\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u7e3d\u90e8\u3001\u7206\u767c\u904e\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6c34\u9580\u919c\u805e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u2014\u2014\u6c34\u9580\u8cd3\u9928\uff08Watergate hotel\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u6e2c\u51fa\u9019\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5f9e\u6703\u8b70\u767c\u7684\u8a73\u7d30program\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u5230\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u7528\u601d\u60f3\u634d\u885b\u6c11\u4e3b Defend Democracy Through Ideas\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u958b\u5834\u7684\u5c0d\u8ac7Liberalism at a Time of the Constitutional crisis; Taking stack of us Democracy\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u61b2\u653f\u5371\u6a5f\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff1a\u5be9\u8996\u7f8e\u570b\u6c11\u4e3b\uff09\u7531\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u798f\u5c71\u6559\u6388\u3001\u54c8\u4f5b\u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u6559\u6388\u5091\u514b\u00b7\u6208\u5fb7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff08Jack Goldsmith\uff09\u3001\u8457\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8a18\u8005\u76e7\u65af\u00b7\u99ac\u5eab\u65af\uff08Ruth Marcus\uff09\u548c\u5e03\u9b6f\u91d1\u65af\u5b78\u6703\uff08Brookings Institution\uff09\u7684\u9ad8\u7d1a\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u672c\u00b7\u5a01\u8328\uff08Ben Wittes\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u9032\u884c\u3002\u798f\u5c71\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u9577\u671f\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u5b98\u50da\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7cfb\u7d71\uff09\u843d\u5f8c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f85\u9047\u554f\u984c\u7279\u65af\u62c9\u4e00\u4ee3\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u505a\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u89e3\u50f1\u806f\u90a6\u50f1\u54e1\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u9020\u6210\u61b2\u6cd5\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u6559\u6388\u5091\u514b\u00b7\u6208\u5fb7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5247\u5f9e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\u7279\u6717\u666e\u9020\u6210\u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\u5371\u6a5f\u548c\u54c8\u4f5b\u7684\u5b98\u53f8\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u76e7\u65af\u00b7\u99ac\u5eab\u65af\uff08Ruth Marcus\uff09\u65bc1984\u5e74\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u7372\u5f97\u6cd5\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u671f\u9593\u5373\u958b\u59cb\u70ba\u300a\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u90f5\u5831\u300b\u64b0\u7a3f\uff0c\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u6b63\u5f0f\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u5f8c\u6210\u70ba\u526f\u4e3b\u7de8\u30022025\u5e743\u6708\u56e0\u5176\u6279\u8a55\u5831\u793e\u6240\u6709\u8005\u8c9d\u4f50\u65af\uff08Jeff Bezos\uff09\u793e\u8ad6\u4e0d\u88ab\u520a\u767c\uff0c\u8fad\u53bb\u300a\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u90f5\u5831\u300b\u8077\u52d9\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u5728\u300a\u7d10\u7d04\u5ba2\u300b\u767c\u8868\u672a\u520a\u767b\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u5c0d\u8ac7\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7576\u4e0b\u5a92\u9ad4\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5f8c\u7684\u6703\u8b70\u5927\u591a\u5f9e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u51fa\u767c\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u6b0a\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Illiberalism\uff09\u3001\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Sovereigntism\uff09\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u8ac7\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u5b64\u7acb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7b49\uff09\u3001Neo-Right\u3001religion-Liberalism\u3001post-Liberalism\u4ee5\u53ca\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u61b2\u6cd5\u5371\u6a5f\u7b49\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u5f9e\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1program\uff08\u6587\u672b\uff09\u4e2d\u8b70\u984c\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u6f14\u8b1b\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u57fa\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u731c\u51fa\u5927\u9ad4\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u5834\u5c0d\u8ac7\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u958b\u5275\uff08Liberalism After Post-Liberalism: A New Founding\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u77e5\u540d\u8a18\u8005Derek Thompson\u9996\u5148\u5411\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u53f2\u8482\u6587\u00b7\u5e73\u514b\uff08Steven Pinker\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1f\u4f60\u8b9a\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e0d\u8b9a\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1f\u9019\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u5929\u534a\u6703\u8b70\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8b93\u4eba\u8ff7\u60d1\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5230\u5e95\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1f Pinker\u6559\u6388\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u77e5\u8b58\u4f86\u634d\u885b\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u6c11\u773e\u61c9\u8a72\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u6b0a\u5229\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff08\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u4fbf\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7368\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u525d\u596a\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5f8c\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u8ac7\u8d77\u4e86Pinker\u6559\u6388\u4e0b\u500b\u6708\u5373\u5c07\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u65b0\u66f8\u300aWhen Everyone Knows That Everyone Knows . . .: Common Knowledge and the Mysteries of Money, Power, and Everyday Life\u300b\u3002\u5728\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0cPinker\u6559\u6388\u63a2\u7d22\u300c\u5171\u540c\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\uff08Common Knowledge\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u3002Pinker\u6559\u6388\u8aaa\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u77e5\u8b58\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e14\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u6210\u70ba\u5354\u8abf\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u652f\u6301\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\u5c31\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5171\u540c\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u8a66\u5716\u7406\u89e3\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5167\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u7522\u751f\u548c\u8ae7\u3001\u865b\u507d\u8207\u722d\u8b70\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u9a5a\u559c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\u798f\u5c71\u8ac7\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u6c92\u6709\u8d85\u904e\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55\u798f\u5c71\u5c08\u6b04\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff1b Pinker\u6559\u6388\u4e5f\u66f4\u591a\u8ac7\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u66f8\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u6f14\u8b1b\u8005\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u57fa\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u8d85\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u5e73\u65e5\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6642\u9593\u7dca\u6e4a\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6642\u9593\u5c55\u958b\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u540c\u6642\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f9e\u5404\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u9032\u884c\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u90fd\u6709\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u7dca\u6e4a\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u90fd\u8b93\u4eba\u8b9a\u6b4e\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u8acb\u7684\u5927\u591a\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4e3b\u984c\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u8b93\u6703\u8b70\u4e3b\u984c\u904e\u65bc\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u601d\u60f3\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u90fd\u672a\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u7d93\u6fdf\u4f86\u8ac7\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u662f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u539f\u56e0\uff09\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7d66\u4eba\u4e00\u7a2e\u932f\u89ba\uff1a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u8981\u6452\u68c4\u90a3\u4e9b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u9069\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6216\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u53bb\u770b\u5f85\u548c\u8a55\u50f9\u9019\u500b\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u72af\u4e86\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e00\u5834\u6703\u8b70\u80fd\u5920\u7d66\u51fa\u7b54\u6848\u6216\u662f\u6307\u660e\u65b9\u5411\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u904e\u5ea6\u8ff7\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u5834\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6703\u8b70\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u591a\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff08\u898b\u6587\u672b\u7684\u6703\u8b70\u8b70\u7a0b\uff09\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u5145\u6eff\u722d\u8b70\u548c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\uff08\u548c\u601d\u8003\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8ff7\u4eba\u4e4b\u8655\uff09\uff1b\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6703\u8b70\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u65bc\u6703\u8b70\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u8209\u884c\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5f9e\u4e2d\u80fd\u5920\u5145\u5206\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u7d44\u7e54\uff08\u5305\u62ecNGO\uff09\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u6c11\u4e3b\u904b\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u6b21\u7684Liberalism for the 21st Century\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c46\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6703\u8b70\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u8fa6\u7684NGO\u7d44\u7e54\u201c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08ISMA\uff09\u201d\u8209\u8fa6\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u7e3d\u90e8\u4f4d\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u7279\u5340\u7684\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u65bc2021\u5e74<\/strong>\u7531\u5e0c\u5361\u00b7\u9054\u723e\u7c73\u4e9e\uff08Shikha Dalmia\uff09\u5275\u7acb\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u634d\u885b\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u5c0d\u6297\u5168\u7403\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u3002ISMA\u51fa\u7248\u300aThe UnPopulist\u300b\uff08\u5728Substack\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u548c\u524d\u6cbf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6a4b\u63a5\u5b78\u8853\u8207\u516c\u773e\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5a01\u6b0a\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u6703\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u52d5\u614b\u3002\u8a72\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7d44\u7e54\u91cd\u8981\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5982\u300c21\u4e16\u7d00\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6703\u8b70\u300d\uff0c\u532f\u805a\u5168\u7403\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u8207\u5021\u5c0e\u8005\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u7b56\u7565\u3002ISMA\u7372\u5f97\u5927\u885b\u8207\u76e7\u897f\u723e\u00b7\u5e15\u5361\u5fb7\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff08David and Lucile Packard Foundation\uff09<\/strong>\u7b49\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u8cc7\u52a9\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6210\u7acb\u5f8c\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u6297\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u667a\u5eab\u3002\u5176\u5275\u7acb\u8005\u5e0c\u5361\u00b7\u9054\u723e\u7c73\u4e9e \u662f\u4e00\u540d\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u8207\u8a18\u8005\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u70ba\u300a\u83ef\u723e\u8857\u65e5\u5831\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7d10\u7d04\u6642\u5831\u300b\u7b49\u5a92\u9ad4\u64b0\u5beb\u5c08\u6b04\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5979\u64c1\u6709\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u5b78\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u53ca\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u50b3\u64ad\u5b78\u78a9\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u7406\u6027\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u9ad8\u7d1a\u5206\u6790\u5e2b\u3002\u5f9e\u4e0b\u5716\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5927\u6703\u7684support\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u6c11\u9593\u7684NGO\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6c11\u9593\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6703\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u50c5\u7d44\u7e54\u8005\u662fNGO\u6a5f\u69cb\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u5a92\u9ad4\u6a5f\u69cbVOX\u3001Persuasion \u7b49\u4e5f\u662fNGO\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u898f\u6a21\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u975e\u5e38\u6d3b\u8e8d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982Vox\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u7f8e\u570b\u7dda\u4e0a\u65b0\u805e\u8207\u8a55\u8ad6\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u65bc2014\u5e74\u7531\u57c3\u8332\u62c9\u00b7\u514b\u840a\u56e0\uff08Ezra Klein\uff09\u3001\u6885\u9e97\u838e\u00b7\u8c9d\u723e\uff08Melissa Bell\uff09\u548c\u99ac\u7279\u00b7\u4f0a\u683c\u840a\u897f\u4e9e\u65af\uff08Matt Yglesias\uff09\u5275\u7acb\uff0c\u96b8\u5c6c\u65bcVox Media\u3002\u5176\u4f7f\u547d\u662f\u300c\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u6dfa\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u91cb\u65b0\u805e\u300d\uff08explain the news\uff09\uff0c\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u63d0\u4f9b\u80cc\u666f\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6578\u64da\u9a45\u52d5\u5831\u5c0e\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u65b0\u805e\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u3002Vox\u4ee5\u5176\u300c\u89e3\u91cb\u65b0\u805e\u5b78\u300d\uff08explanatory journalism\uff09\u805e\u540d\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u8996\u983b\u3001\u64ad\u5ba2\u548c\u5716\u8868\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c07\u8907\u96dc\u8b70\u984c\u5206\u89e3\u70ba\u6613\u61c2\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8b80\u8005\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u5bb6\u5a92\u9ad4\u8d0a\u52a9\u300c\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6839\u6e90\u300d\u5c0f\u7d44\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u7531\u5176\u8cc7\u6df1\u8a18\u8005\u624e\u514b\u00b7\u535a\u5c1a\uff08Zack Beauchamp\uff09\u4e3b\u6301\uff1bPersuasion<\/strong>\u00a0\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u4ee5Substack\u5e73\u53f0\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u7dda\u4e0a\u96dc\u8a8c\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u4fc3\u9032\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u8207\u634d\u885b\u7531\u4e9e\u6c99\u00b7\u8499\u514b\uff08Yascha Mounk\uff09\u65bc2020\u5e74\u5275\u7acb\u3002\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u4ed6\u5011\u627f\u64d4\u4e86\u6703\u8b70\u8a31\u591a\u7d44\u7e54\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55\u7684\u798f\u5c71\u5c08\u6b04\u548c\u798f\u5c71\u8207Mounk\u4fbf\u662fPersuasion\u6388\u6b0a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u6216\u662f\u4f86\u81eaNGO\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u85c9\u52a9Substack \u5e73\u53f0\u505a\u81ea\u5a92\u9ad4\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u6e6f\u666e\u68ee\uff08Derek Thompson\uff09\uff0c2009\u5e74\u81f32025\u5e74\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u6708\u520a\u300b\u64d4\u4efb\u8a18\u8005\u548c\u7de8\u8f2f\uff0c\u4e26\u8457\u6709\u66a2\u92b7\u66f8\u300aHit Makers: How to Succeed in an Age of Distraction\u300b\uff082017\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u300aDerek Thompson On Work\u300b\uff082023\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8207\u300a\u7d10\u7d04\u6642\u5831\u300b\u7684Ezra Klein\u5408\u8457\u7684\u300aAbundance\u300b\u662f\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u66a2\u92b7\u66f8\u30022025\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u96e2\u958b\u300a\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u6708\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u5275\u8fa6Substack\u901a\u8a0a\uff0c\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u91ab\u7642\u548c\u793e\u6703\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u3001\u4f5c\u5bb6\u9054\u8499\u00b7\u6797\u514b\uff08Damon Linker\uff09\uff0c<\/strong>\u66fe\u65bc2001\u81f32005\u5e74\u64d4\u4efb\u300a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u300b\uff08First Things\uff09\u96dc\u8a8c\u526f\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u8a72\u520a\u7269\u70ba\u5b97\u6559\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u520a\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u5f8c\u8f49\u5411\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u300a\u65b0\u5171\u548c\u300b\uff08The New Republic\uff09\u9ad8\u7d1a\u7de8\u8f2f\uff082007-2010\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u65bc\u8cd3\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u5beb\u4f5c\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u7d93\u71dfSubstack\u901a\u8a0a\u300aEyes on the Prize\u300b\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u6587\u5316\u8b70\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5834\u6703\u8b70\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u5bb6\u525b\u6210\u7acb\u7684NGO\u6a5f\u69cb\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u8457\u540d\u5b78\u8005\u548c\u5a92\u9ad4\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u6709\u8457\u76f8\u540c\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7684\u4eba\u9023\u63a5\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u53c3\u8207\u5230\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u624d\u662f\u6703\u8b70\u6700\u5927\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u6240\u5728\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u6559\u6388\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7D\u00b7\u666e\u7279\u5357\uff08Robert D. Putnam\uff09\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a<\/strong>\u7368\u81ea\u6253\u4fdd\u9f61\u300b\uff08Bowling Alone\uff1aThe Collapse and Revival of American Community<\/em>, 2000\uff09\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c<\/strong>\u516c\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7db2\u7d61\u2014\u2014\u5f9e\u9130\u91cc\u805a\u6703\u5230\u5408\u5531\u5718\u2014\u2014\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7db2\u7d61\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u4e92\u60e0\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u201d\uff08”The social networks of civic engagement\u2014from neighborhood associations to choral societies\u2014form the core of social capital, fostering trust and reciprocity, which are vital for the health of democratic societies.”\uff09\u201c\u6c92\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7684\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u53f0\u6c92\u6709\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u904b\u8f49\u3002\u201d\uff08”Without civic engagement, democratic institutions are like a machine without fuel\u2014they may exist, but they cannot function effectively.”\uff09\u666e\u7279\u5357\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\uff08\u5305\u62ecNGO\uff09\u662f\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u8f09\u9ad4\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u4fc3\u9032\u516c\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\u548c\u793e\u6703\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u589e\u5f37\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u7279\u5225\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u7576\u9019\u4e9b\u7d44\u7e54\u6d3b\u8e8d\u6642\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u6c7a\u96c6\u9ad4\u884c\u52d5\u554f\u984c\uff1b\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u7d44\u7e54\uff08\u5982NGO\uff09\u901a\u904e\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c3\u8207\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u589e\u5f37\u793e\u6703\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52d9\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u00b7\u666e\u7279\u5357\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e3b\u904b\u8f49\u300b\uff08Making Democracy Work\uff1aCivic Traditions in Modern Italy, 1993\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6a19\u984c\u6b63\u662f\u501f\u7528\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6a19\u984c\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u501f\u8003\u5bdf\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u793e\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u5982\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u4fc3\u9032\u5354\u8abf\u884c\u52d5\u4f86\u63d0\u9ad8\u793e\u6703\u6548\u7387\u3002\uff08”Social capital here refers to features of social organization such as trust, norms, and networks that can improve the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated actions.”\uff09\u4e26\u4e14\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\u7db2\u7d61\u80fd\u589e\u5f37\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u300c\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e3b\u904b\u8f49\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u4e03\u5e74\u5f8c\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u7368\u81ea\u6253\u4fdd\u9f61\u300b\uff082000\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u666e\u7279\u5357\u8a73\u7d30\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u793e\u6703\u5354\u4f5c\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u986f\u8457\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002\u4f8b\u598220\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u8449\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u516c\u6c11\u7d44\u7e54\uff08\u5982NGO\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u5de5\u6703\uff09\u53ca\u793e\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52d5\uff08\u5982\u4fdd\u9f61\u7403\u806f\u8cfd\uff09\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u9078\u6c11\u6295\u7968\u7387\u5f9e1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u768475%\u964d\u81f31990\u5e74\u4ee3\u768425%\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5f9e55%\u964d\u81f335%\u3002\u666e\u7279\u5357\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u55aa\u5931\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u96c6\u9ad4\u884c\u52d5\u66f4\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u547c\u7c72\u91cd\u632f\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u4ee5\u6062\u5fa9\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d3b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f9e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4f86\u7f8e\u570b\u751f\u6d3b\u5de5\u4f5c\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u89c0\u773e\u63d0\u554f\uff1a\u9762\u5c0d\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u62db\u5c31\u662f\u96e2\u958b\u7f8e\u570b\u53bb\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\u5c0d\u6b64\uff0c\u798f\u5c71\u56de\u61c9\uff1a\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u62db\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9078\u7968\uff0c\u6295\u7968\u53bb\u3002\u2014\u2014\u9019\u5927\u7d04\u5c31\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u904b\u8f49\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7531Institute for the Study of Modern Authoritarianism \u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u6703\u8b70\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u501f\u9452\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5728\u300a\u5d14\u885b\u5e73\u8b6f\u6587\u96c6\u00b7 \u5e73\u884c\u57ce\u90a6\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5d14\u885b\u5e73\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u30021978\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u74e6\u8328\u62c9\u592b\u00b7\u672c\u8fbe\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u5e73\u884c\u57ce\u90a6\u300b\uff08\u201cThe Parallel Polis\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u5e73\u884c\u4e8e\u5b98\u65b9\u6743\u529b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u665a\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u54c8\u7ef4\u5c14\u5199\u4e0b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u65e0\u6743\u8005\u7684\u6743\u529b\u300b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u6d3b\u5728\u771f\u76f8\u4e2d\u201d\uff08living in truth\uff09\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u957f\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u7ef4\u5c14\u7279\u522b\u7528\u4e00\u5c0f\u8282\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u672c\u8fbe\u201c\u5e73\u884c\u57ce\u90a6\u201d\u7ed9\u4e0e\u4e86\u70ed\u70c8\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u79f0\u672c\u8fbe\u6240\u79f0\u53d1\u5c55\u201c\u5e73\u884c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u662f\u201c\u4e0b\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6700\u4e3a\u6210\u719f\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u3002\u66f8\u8a55\u660e\u65e5\u5c07\u520a\u767c\u5d14\u885b\u5e73\u6559\u6388\u9577\u6587\u4ecb\u7d39\u201c\u5e73\u884c\u57ce\u90a6\u201d\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u9577\u6587\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5d14\u885b\u5e73\u5217\u8209\u4e0d\u5c11\u7368\u7acb\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ece1988\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6c14\u6c1b\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u660e\u663e\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5927\u7ea630\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u516c\u6c11\u5021\u8bae\u56e2\u4f53\u5982\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u6d8c\u51fa\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u8bba\u575b<\/strong>\uff08Civic Forum\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0OF\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u5929\u9e45\u7ed2\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u201d\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u7bc7\u9577\u6587\u770b\u9019\u500b\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u6703\u6709\u555f\u767c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6587\u7ae0\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55 Boston Review of Books Aug 18, 2025 \u7de8\u8005\u6309\uff1a8\u670814 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5535,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","category-light"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5534"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5536,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5534\/revisions\/5536"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}