{"id":5804,"date":"2025-10-23T09:44:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T13:44:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=5804"},"modified":"2025-10-23T09:44:55","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T13:44:55","slug":"%e5%90%b4%e5%bc%ba%ef%bc%9a%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e8%bf%90%e5%8a%a8%e9%87%8d%e5%a1%91%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb-%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e5%85%9a%e9%98%bf%e6%9e%97%e6%96%af%e5%9f%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=5804","title":{"rendered":"\u5434\u5f3a\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u91cd\u5851\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u2014\u2014\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u6eaf\u6e90"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"post-body-3993444157187587163\" class=\"post-body entry-content\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"content\">\n<div id=\"content2\">\n<div class=\"article-content\">\n<p>\u4ec5\u4ec5\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u65b0\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Neocon\uff09\u8fd8\u7edf\u6cbb\u7740\u4ece\u5317\u7f8e\u5916\u4ea4\u754c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u91cc\u90fd\u5728\u6d41\u884c\u5217\u5965\u00b7\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\uff08Leo Strauss\uff09\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u5c0f\u5e03\u4ec0\u7684\u5171\u548c\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u804c\u3001\u6216\u8005\u5728\u667a\u5e93\u91cc\u53d1\u6325\u95f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u5165\u4e3b\u767d\u5bab\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7d\u7075\u5374\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u4e0a\u7a7a\u6e38\u8361\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7d22\u5c14\u00b7\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u867d\u7136\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u82e5\u65b0\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u90a3\u6837\u6781\u5bcc\u54f2\u5b66\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u793e\u8fd0\u6218\u672f\u5927\u5e08\uff0c\u5f97\u5176\u8863\u94b5\u7684\u514b\u6797\u987f\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u548c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u603b\u7edf\u5374\u628a\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u7528\u5728\u9009\u6218\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u515a\u4e43\u81f3\u653f\u515a\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u793e\u8fd0\u5316\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u8fd0\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u9886\u8896\uff1a\u7d22\u5c14\u00b7\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa<\/b><\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEgmRYM2E1B2maIQgs-U0FR8bwM5P4wx2wJyrFoUD3K_7YgPNVoAH-KISRsNkZCb2J6H19ZzMHaplTQ8G_7_biz2C2uaZukSPhREfFqAO7_z-7CYBv1_MOQPp0m561g3bO9ZezpchbypvrSmtakE5OwU4RJbqHc1GKWsDgvHKhXCpcPM6dlLbrmP7SP92dXf\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEgmRYM2E1B2maIQgs-U0FR8bwM5P4wx2wJyrFoUD3K_7YgPNVoAH-KISRsNkZCb2J6H19ZzMHaplTQ8G_7_biz2C2uaZukSPhREfFqAO7_z-7CYBv1_MOQPp0m561g3bO9ZezpchbypvrSmtakE5OwU4RJbqHc1GKWsDgvHKhXCpcPM6dlLbrmP7SP92dXf\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\" data-original-height=\"194\" data-original-width=\"259\" \/><\/a><\/b><\/div>\n<p>\u7d22\u5c14\u00b7\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa(Saul D. Alinsky, 1909~1972)\uff0c1909\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u6df7\u5c45\u7684\u8d2b\u6c11\u533a\u957f\u5927\uff0c\u5e38\u5728\u8857\u5934\u4e0e\u6ce2\u5170\u5c0f\u5b69\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bfe\uff0c\u201c\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f60\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u201d\u3002\u4ed61926\u5e74\u8fdb\u5165\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u4fee\u8bfb\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\uff0c\u5374\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u9887\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u300230\u5e74\u4ee3\u6700\u521d\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ddf\u968f\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u514b\u5229\u798f\u5fb7\u00b7\u8096\uff08Clifford Shaw\uff09\u5173\u6ce8\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u72af\u7f6a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u72af\u7f6a\u5b66\u5bb6\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u5148\u540e\u5c31\u804c\u4e8e\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u76d1\u72f1\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e0e\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5361\u5f6d\u9ed1\u5e2e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53f7\u4eba\u7269\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u5c3c\u8482\uff08Frank Nitti\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u5c3c\u8482\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u89c6\u4f5c\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u719f\u6089\u5361\u5f6d\u9ed1\u5e2e\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u665a\u5e74\u8c08\u53ca\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u5361\u5f6d\u9ed1\u5e2e\u65f6\u5145\u6ee1\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u516c\u76ca\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u8870\u9000\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u540e\u6765\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u53d1\u7aef\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u671f\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u5e08\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\u751a\u81f3\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4ed6\u7ec8\u8eab\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u7684\u793e\u533a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5c31\u662f\u59cb\u4e8e\u5927\u8870\u9000\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u9965\u997f\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u5728\u6821\u56ed\u6643\u8361\u7684\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u88ab\u8feb\u5fcd\u53d7\u9965\u4e00\u987f\u9971\u4e00\u987f\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u652f\u7968\u548c\u786c\u5e01\u6765\u56de\u5012\u817e\u8e6d\u5496\u5561\u9986\u5403\u559d\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u6821\u56ed\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u544a\u724c\u524d\u8d34\u51fa\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u53ec\u96c6\u9965\u997f\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5404\u5904\u80fd\u591f\u514d\u8d39\u5403\u559d\u7684\u5496\u5561\u9986\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d3b\u52a8\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u6700\u65e9\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u533a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u8d70\u5411\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u30021930\u5e74\u7684\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230CIO\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0cCIO(Committee for Industrial Organization\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a)\u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u8fd0\u9886\u8896\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5218\u6613\u65af(John Lewis)\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u5e26\u6709\u519b\u4e8b\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5de5\u4f1a\u3002\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u88ab\u5218\u6613\u65af\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u6240\u9707\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u6781\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u540e\u76841930\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u3001\u793e\u8fd0\u6218\u672f\u5927\u5e08\u548c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u72af\u7f6a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6700\u521d\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u5355\u67aa\u5339\u9a6c\u5730\u4e0e\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6597\u4e89\u3001\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4ea4\u5f80\u5bc6\u5207\u3001\u79ef\u6781\u4e3a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5185\u6218\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7eb5\u961f\u7b79\u6b3e\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u514b\u5229\u798f\u5fb7\u00b7\u8096\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u624d\u662f\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u8fdd\u6cd5\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u73af\u5883\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6839\u672c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u30021936\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u56de\u5230\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\uff0c\u5728\u5357\u533a\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u91cc\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u6e34\u671b\u53d8\u5316\u30021939\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u201c\u540e\u9662\u201d(Back-of-the-Yards)\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5230\u540e\u9662\u90bb\u5c45\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u793e\u533a\u90bb\u91cc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u30021941\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u6b63\u5f0f\u521b\u529e\u201c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5730\u533a\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u201d(Industrial Areas Foundation, IAF)\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u201c\u540e\u9662\u201d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u793e\u533a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5982\u5361\u9ea6\u5229\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a(Gamaliel Foundation)\u3001\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7814\u7a76\u6240(Pacific Institute for Community Organization, PICO)\u548c\u76f4\u63a5\u884c\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u5fc3(Direct Action Research and Training Center, DART)\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u5bb6\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u7531\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u521b\u529e\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u751a\u81f3\u201c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u56e2\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7130\u5bb6\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u793e\u56e2\u3001\u673a\u6784\u96c7\u5458\u8d85\u8fc74000\u4eba\u3001\u5168\u7f8e\u6210\u5458\u5728100\u4e07\u5230300\u4e07\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5360\u57ce\u5e02\u4eba\u53e330%\u7684\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u90bb\u91cc\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u521b\u529e\u7684IAF\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u8bba\u5927\u5e08\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u6851\u5fb7\u5c14\u79f0\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u6700\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9886\u5bfcIAF\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c1946\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u300a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d77\u5e8a\u53f7\u300b(Reveille for Radicals)\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5218\u6613\u65af\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0(1948)\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u524d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u300a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u8005\u5b88\u5219\u300b(Rules for Radicals) (1971)\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u8fd0\u5708\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u4eba\u624b\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u6559\u6218\u624b\u518c\uff09\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u548c\u6218\u672f\u5927\u5e08\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e0e\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u00b7\u91d1\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u91d1\u65e0\u7591\u66f4\u6e29\u548c\u3001\u66f4\u4ee3\u8868\u653f\u6cbb\u4e16\u5bb6\uff0c\u88ab\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u6279\u8bc4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u793e\u533a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e5f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u50cf\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u53ca\u5176\u5f1f\u5b50\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u5185\u90e8\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u8054\u3002\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u5b66\u751f\u51ef\u6492\u00b7\u67e5\u97e6\u65af\uff08Cesar Chavez\uff09\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u201c\u8054\u5408\u519c\u573a\u5de5\u4eba\u5de5\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u5728\u6297\u8bae\u67ef\u8fbe\u516c\u53f8\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5355\u7eaf\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u6216\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u6240\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f01\u53ca\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u00b7\u91d1\u9047\u523a\u540e\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1968\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u672a\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ecd\u7136\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u4f4d\u8863\u94b5\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u5728\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4e43\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u6700\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u662f1968\u5e74\u4eb2\u81ea\u5bf9\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u505a\u8fc7\u91c7\u8bbf\u3001\u5e76\u4ee5\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u9898\u64b0\u5199\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5e0c\u62c9\u91cc\u00b7\u7f57\u5fb7\u6c49\u59c6\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5e0c\u62c9\u91cc\u00b7\u514b\u6797\u987f\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u66fe\u7ecf\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u5361\u9ea6\u5229\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u8bad\u7ec3\u3001\u62c5\u4efb\u8fc7\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5357\u90e8\u793e\u533a\u4e09\u5e74\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5df4\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u6eaf\u6e90<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u76f4\u523012\u5c81\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u5bb6\u5ead\u6309\u7167\u672a\u6765\u7684\u62c9\u6bd4\u6765\u57f9\u517b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u80cc\u666f\u8ddf\u90a3\u4e9b40\u5e74\u4ee3\u53cd\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6216\u800560\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5b66\u751f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u59cb\u7ec8\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u9762\u76ee\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u6709\u7740\u4e30\u539a\u6536\u5165\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u8005\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u5a92\u4f53\u66dd\u5149\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u53c2\u52a0\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5f53\u4f5c\u795e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u201c\u6218\u672f\u5927\u5e08\u201d\u6765\u656c\u4ef0\u3002\u4ee5\u884c\u52a8\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u5177\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6027\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6218\u672f\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5e38\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u5f52\u4e8e\u8eab\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba41930\u5e74\u4ee3\u671f\u95f4\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4ea4\u5f80\u751a\u5bc6\u3002\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u6df1\u53d7\u6fc0\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8f9b\u514b\u83b1(Upton Sinclair)\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u8f9b\u514b\u83b1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u4e1b\u6797\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u89e3\u8bfb\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u6839\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd20\u4e16\u7eaa\u201c\u6252\u7caa\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u59cb\u4f5c\u4fd1\u8005\uff0c\u300a\u4e1b\u6797\u300b\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5c60\u5bb0\u573a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5982\u68c0\u75ab\u5458\u88ab\u8d3f\u8d42\u3001\u75c5\u725b\u88ab\u5c60\u5bb0\u3001\u6b7b\u9f20\u8089\u88ab\u6df7\u8fdb\u8089\u9985\u3001\u9057\u843d\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u6c61\u79fd\u4e4b\u7269\u88ab\u6361\u8d77\u6295\u5165\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u505a\u6210\u5348\u9910\u8089\u2026\u2026\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u95fb\u53f2\u4e0a\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u201c\u6252\u7caa\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u6380\u8d77\u516c\u4f17\u8981\u6c42\u6539\u9769\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u548c\u98df\u54c1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u300230\u5e74\u540e\u76841934\u5e74\uff0c\u5df2\u662f\u77e5\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u8f9b\u514b\u83b1\u5728\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u53d1\u8d77\u7684EPIC\u8fd0\u52a8\u5219\u5c06\u8fd9\u672c\u865a\u6784\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5450\u558a\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u5b9e\uff1a\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\uff01\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\uff01\u201d\u8f9b\u514b\u83b1\u547c\u5401\u4e3a\u5360\u52a0\u5dde\u4eba\u53e321%\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u8005\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u591c\u95f4\uff0c\u5168\u7f8e\u5982\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u6210\u7acb\u4e862000\u5bb6EPIC\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u8fd0\u52a8\u88ab\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e3a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u53cd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u76c8\u5229\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4e25\u8083\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6027\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u7f8e\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e5f\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\u6307\u8d23\u4ed6\u662f\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8f9b\u514b\u83b1\u5f0f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u201d\u53e3\u53f7\u3001EPIC\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5dde\u957f\u7ade\u9009\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u7ec8\u8eab\u594b\u6597\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1a\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u6700\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u8005\u548c\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5185\u542b\u4e86\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u8005\u5219\u662f\u5bfb\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u8bc1\u8a00\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\uff08\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5411\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u8d56\u4e8e\u56de\u5230\u5171\u540c\u4f53\/\u793e\u533a\u3001\u5bfb\u6c42\u516c\u5171\u7684\u5584\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6297\u4e3b\u4e49(antagonism)\u5212\u5206\u51fa\u201c\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u6709\u201d\uff08Have not\uff09\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6027\uff1a\u6b64\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6297\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5206\u4eab\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6297\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5bf9\u6297\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7ebd\u5e26\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u2026\u2026\u7c89\u788e\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u51b2\u649e\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3001\u5e2d\u5377\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\u3001\u6fc0\u8361\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u8ff7\u60d1\u3001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u67af\u71e5\u65e0\u5473\u5730\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u2018\u751f\u6d3b\u2019\u3001\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u2018\u793e\u4f1a\u2019\u7684\u3002\u201d\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u547c\u5401\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c \u201c\u6311\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u52a8\u5458\u3001\u6572\u6253\u5b83\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u6fc0\u70c8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5728\u4e8e\u6253\u7834\u65e2\u6709\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u6cbb\u5e7b\u89c9\uff0c 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Maritain)\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u9a6c\u91cc\u5766\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u6001\u5ea6\u6709\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e5f\u662f\u59cb\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u6f6e\u6c79\u6d8c\u3001\u5927\u8427\u6761\u65f6\u4ee3\u76841930\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u5f53\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u540e\u9662\u8ba1\u5212\u8d62\u5f97\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u58f0\u671b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u6b63\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u9a6c\u91cc\u5766\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u5411\u9a6c\u91cc\u5766\u5f3a\u8c03\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u7ed3\u793e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9a6c\u91cc\u5766\u5219\u503e\u6155\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8ddf\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u4e2a\u6027\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3001\u4e2a\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u591a\u5143\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u5584\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u9891\u5bc6\u7684\u4e66\u4fe1\u5f80\u6765\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a6c\u91cc\u5766\u5bf9\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u6709\u7740\u7ec8\u8eab\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9a6c\u91cc\u5766(1882~1973)\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u66fe\u662f\u4f2f\u683c\u68ee\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u963f\u594e\u90a3\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49(\u963f\u594e\u90a3)\u7684\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49(personalism)\u5f15\u5165\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u4ed6\u53c2\u4e0e\u8d77\u8349\u76841948\u5e74\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u5baa\u7ae0\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u52a0\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u88ab\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u9a7b\u68b5\u8482\u5188\u5927\u4f7f\uff0c\u4e0e\u7c73\u5170\u5730\u533a\u7ea2\u8863\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u4e54\u74e6\u5c3c\u00b7\u5df4\u8482\u65af\u5854\u00b7\u8499\u8482\u5c3c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6559\u7687\u4fdd\u7f57\u516d\u4e16\u6709\u7740\u6df1\u539a\u53cb\u8c0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1936\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u91cc\u5766\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u5b8c\u5168\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff08\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u4e4b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e2a\u6027\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u4eba\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e2a\u6027\uff0c\u8fdb\u6b65\u6027\u5730\u4e14\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u522b\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u201d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u4e2a\u4f53\u6216\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e2a\u6027\u4e5f\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e2a\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5374\u662f\u201c\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5370\u8ff9\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u6027\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u3002\u8fdb\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u5584\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u548c\u5584\u7684\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u516c\u5171\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e2a\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u826f\u5fc3\u3001\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u975e\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u667a\u6167\u4f20\u627f\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u3001\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u53cb\u8c0a\u3001\u5e78\u798f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9a6c\u91cc\u5766\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u5f20\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u7684\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5229\u5965\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u4ee5\u6765\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u4eba(common man)\u3001\u7136\u540e\u516c\u5171\u5584(common good)\u53ca\u5176\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9a6c\u91cc\u5766\u76f8\u4fe1\u79ef\u6781\u5021\u5bfc20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u7531\u5728\u5bb6\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u5373\u666e\u901a\u4eba(lay people\uff0c\u5c45\u58eb)\u6765\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5e76\u5f15\u81f4\u516c\u5171\u7684\u5584(common good)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u540c\u671f\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5357\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u5728\u5bb6\u5c45\u58eb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u5982\u51fa\u4e00\u8f99\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u6211\u5229\u76ca\u4e8e\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5c31\u662f\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u5bf9\u4eba\u6027\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u53c8\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u5e76\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u7ef4\u5229\u7684\u4e0d\u987e\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u5229\u76ca\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u4e0b\u88ab\u7406\u6027\u5316\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u5ea6\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ec5\u8c0b\u6c42\u81ea\u6211\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u5949\u732e(self-sacrifice)\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u6211\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u5929\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\uff0c\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u7740\u5145\u5206\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u3001\u521b\u9020\u6027\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece1939\u5e74\u201c\u540e\u9662\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4fbf\u662f\u4ece\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u5229\u76ca(self-interest)\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u6765\u4e89\u53d6\u57fa\u5c42\u795e\u7236\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6700\u5927\u533a\u522b\u30021969\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u63a5\u53d7\u5e0c\u62c9\u91cc\u00b7\u7f57\u5fb7\u6c49\u59c6\u9080\u8bf7\u5230\u5b66\u9662\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u89c1\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u53cd\u590d\u544a\u8beb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5b66\u751f\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u62d2\u7edd\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u5229\u76ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u8d2f\u7a7f\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u59cb\u7ec8\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7b56\u7565\u548cIAF\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e88\u4ee5\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u53c2\u4e0eACORN\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u85c9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u56e2\u52a8\u5458\u3001\u8054\u7ed3\u8d77\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u8054\u76df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea642%\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u548c33%\u7684\u805a\u4f1a\u662f\u6709\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u80cc\u666f\u7684\uff0c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u66fe\u7ecf\u670d\u52a1Project Vote\u8ba1\u5212\u5373\u7531\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u30022001\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u4ef0(faith&#8211;based)\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5efa\u8bbe\u91cd\u5efa\u56fd\u5bb6&#8211; \u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d62\u5f97\u5b97\u6559\u754c\u7684\u8d5e\u626c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u57282005\u5e74\u8d62\u5f97\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u9009\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u6218\u672f\u548c\u653f\u515a\u793e\u8fd0\u5316<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u6797\u65af\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u6218\u672f\uff0c\u65e2\u5145\u5206\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u5e94\u7740\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u8005\u5b88\u5219\u300b(Rules for Radicals)\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u6bd5\u751f\u6218\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u662f\u5176\u6218\u672f\u539f\u5219\u6700\u4e3a\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u3002 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