{"id":5895,"date":"2025-11-11T09:42:36","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T14:42:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=5895"},"modified":"2025-11-11T09:42:36","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T14:42:36","slug":"%e9%a9%ac%e5%9b%9b%e7%bb%b4%ef%bc%9a%e6%84%8f%e4%b9%89%e3%80%81%e5%b9%b8%e7%a6%8f%e6%ba%90%e4%ba%8e%e6%8a%89%e6%8b%a9%e4%b8%8e%e8%a1%8c%e5%8a%a8-%e8%af%bb%e3%80%8a%e7%bb%b4%e7%89%b9%e6%a0%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=5895","title":{"rendered":"\u9a6c\u56db\u7ef4\uff1a\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u5e78\u798f\u6e90\u4e8e\u6289\u62e9\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8 &#8212;\u8bfb\u300a\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\u4f20\uff1a\u5929\u624d\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8d23\u4efb\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"<table role=\"presentation\" border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" width=\"550\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5896\" src=\"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/unnamed-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/unnamed-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/unnamed.jpg 682w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u57661889 \u5e74\u751f\u4e8e\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\uff0c\u9752\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u5b66\u5de5\u7a0b\uff1b\u7ecf\u5f17\u96f7\u683c\u5f15\u8350\uff0c\u8d74\u5251\u6865\u8ddf\u968f\u7f57\u7d20\uff1b<wbr \/>\u4e00\u6218\u4ece\u519b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6218\u58d5\u91cc\u5b8c\u6210\u65e9\u671f\u601d\u60f3\uff1b<wbr \/>\u6218\u540e\u628a\u5de8\u989d\u9057\u4ea7\u5206\u7ed9\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6e05\u8d2b\uff1b<wbr \/>\u56de\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4e61\u6751\u5f53\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0e\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7<wbr \/>\u6069\u683c\u5c14\u66fc\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u59d0\u59d0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f4f\u5b85\uff1b1929 \u5e74\u56de\u5230\u5251\u6865\uff1b\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u533b\u9662\u505a\u62a4\u5de5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u52a9\u624b\uff1b1951 \u5e74\u75c5\u901d\u3002\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u300b\u628a\u4e16\u754c\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u5168\u4f53\u201d<wbr \/>\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff1b\u665a\u671f\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u8f6c\u5411\u65e5\u5e38\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u620f\u201d<wbr \/>\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u81ea\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u8bb0\u5c55\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u628a\u201c\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u201d\u4e0e\u201c<wbr \/>\u6d3b\u8ba4\u771f\u201d\u5f53\u4f5c\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96f7\u00b7\u8499\u514b\u5728\u300a\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\u4f20\u2014\u2014\u5929\u624d\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8d23\u4efb\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u4e66\u4fe1\u3001<wbr \/>\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e0e\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u8bc1\u8bcd\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d<wbr \/>\u5e76\u7f6e\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u4e66\u540d\u70b9\u51fa\u6838\u5fc3\uff1a\u5728\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u4e16\u5bb6\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5e0c\u00b7<wbr \/>\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u5929\u8d4b\u5f53\u4f5c\u7279\u6743\uff0c<wbr \/>\u800c\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u8981\u5151\u73b0\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u8bda\u5b9e\u3001\u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e25\u8083\u3001<wbr \/>\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8fd1\u4e4e\u82e6\u884c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4f20\u8bb0\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4e0d\u53ea\u5728\u590d\u539f\u5b66\u672f\u53f2\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u6d3b\u201d\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u3002<wbr \/>\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u4eca\u5929\u4eba\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5728\u4e8e\u628a\u51e0\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u575a\u786c\u7684\u547d\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u63a8\u5230\u9762\u524d\uff1a\u5e78\u798f\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f<wbr \/>\u610f\u4e49\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u653e\uff1f\u5f53\u751f\u547d\u906d\u9047\u4e0d\u53ef\u627f\u53d7\u4e4b\u75db\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d<wbr \/>\u5316\u4e3a\u7ec8\u5c40\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9650\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u7b80\u5316\u7528\u8bcd\u3001\u7167\u89c1\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\u7684\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u6309\u601d\u60f3\u8f6c\u6298\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6761\u660e\u7ebf\u3002<wbr \/>\u4e24\u6761\u7ebf\u5728\u4f20\u8bb0\u91cc\u4ea4\u53c9\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\uff1a\u5728\u754c\u9650\u524d\u4fdd\u6301\u8bda\u5b9e\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u660e\u767d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u201c\u5929\u624d\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u662f\u201c\u9650\u5ea6\u7ebf\u201d\u3002\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u300b\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5851\u9020\u7740\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u628a\u63e1\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u201c<wbr \/>\u6211\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u754c\u9650\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u754c\u9650\u201d(<wbr \/>Wittgenstein,\u00a0<em>Tractatus<\/em>\u00a05.6)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u53e5\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u63d0\u9192\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u4ef7\u503c\u3001<wbr \/>\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u201c\u53ef\u8bf4\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c<wbr \/>\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bf4\u800c\u552f\u53ef\u663e\u73b0\u201d\u7684\u57df\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e66\u672b\u5ba3\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u51e1\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bf4\u8005\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\u201d(Wittgenstein,\u00a0<em>Tractatus<\/em>\u00a07)\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u7ebf\uff0c\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0e\u4eba\u751f\u96be\u9898\u5206\u9645\u6807\u51fa\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5374\u89e6\u4e0d\u5230\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e3a\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u662f\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u7ebf\u201d\u3002\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u628a\u76ee\u5149\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u5f62\u5f0f\u79fb\u5411\u201c<wbr \/>\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u8bdd\u2014\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u201d(Wittgenstein,\u00a0<em>Philosophical Investigations<\/em>\u00a0\u00a743)\uff1b\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u7406\u667a\u7684\u86ca\u60d1\u4f5c\u6218\u201d(<wbr \/>Wittgenstein,\u00a0<em>Philosophical Investigations<\/em>\u00a0\u00a7109)\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u7ebf\uff0c\u628a\u62bd\u8c61\u7406\u8bba\u8f6c\u56de\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<wbr \/>\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5934\u8111\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u516c\u5171\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff1b\u4f26\u7406\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c<wbr \/>\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6837\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u672c\u4f20\u8bb0\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u8b66\u793a\u5728\u4e8e\u8ba4\u6e05\u516c\u5171\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u4e89\u8bba\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c<wbr \/>\u8bda\u5b9e\u5374\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u5efa\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6cbb\u201c\u75c5\u201d<wbr \/>\u3002\u516c\u5171\u8ba8\u8bba\u82e5\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4ed6\u7684\u4e09\u6761\u7eaa\u5f8b\u2014\u2014\u9650\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u7b80\u5316\u7528\u8bcd\u3001<wbr \/>\u7167\u89c1\u5b9e\u8df5\u2014\u2014\u8bb8\u591a\u654c\u610f\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8bef\u89e3\u4f1a\u6d88\u6563\u3002<wbr \/>\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u7f8e\u5b66\u5728\u4ed6\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u201c\u628a\u4e8b\u60c5\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u770b\u201d\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u628a\u4e16\u754c\u5bf9\u5f85\u5f97\u66f4\u4f53\u9762\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u72ec\u4eab\uff0c<wbr \/>\u800c\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u5b66\u7684\u5de5\u592b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4eba\u6d3b\u7740\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u653e\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u91cc\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u628a\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u201d<wbr \/>\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u5916\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b54\u6848\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff1b<wbr \/>\u4e16\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u9884\u8bbe\u5267\u672c\u3002\u82e5\u628a\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u201d<wbr \/>\u89c6\u4e3a\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e2d\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u3001\u88ab\u5ef6\u7eed\u3001\u88ab\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c<wbr \/>\u90a3\u4e48\u7b54\u6848\u5c31\u8f6c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u8df5\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u620f\u91cc\u3001\u4e0e\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c<wbr \/>\u628a\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e8b\u505a\u597d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6d3b\u201d<wbr \/>\u7684\u8ffd\u95ee\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4f4d\u79fb\u3002\u7126\u70b9\u4e0d\u5728\u201c\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u201c<wbr \/>\u642d\u5efa\u80fd\u627f\u8f7d\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u573a\u666f\u201d\u3002\u201c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u201d(<wbr \/>Wittgenstein, Tractatus 6.521)\uff1b\u5f53\u4eba\u6295\u8eab\u67d0\u79cd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u201d<wbr \/>\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u96be\u9898\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u4e8b\u60c5\u672c\u8eab\u201d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u300b\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\u201d(<wbr \/>Wittgenstein, Tractatus 6.41)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bfb\u6210\u201c\u4eba\u751f\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u610f\u4e49\u201d\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5c31\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u865a\u65e0\uff1b\u628a\u5b83\u8bfb\u6210\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u7269\u6e05\u5355\u91cc\uff0c<wbr \/>\u800c\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u91cc\u201d\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u63a5\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7684\u665a\u671f\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u620f\u4e0e\u201c<wbr \/>\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u4eba\u4eec\uff1a\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u81ea\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\u3002<wbr \/>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u201c\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u5730\u6d3b\u201d\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u5728\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5f80\u6765\u4e2d\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u3001\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u624b\u827a\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c<wbr \/>\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0e\u8bda\u6073\u843d\u5b9e\u4e3a\u65e5\u5e38\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u610f\u4e49\u663e\u793a\u4e8e\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5b58\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u3002<wbr \/>\u4eba\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c<wbr \/>\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u5728\u5c0f\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u83b7\u53d6\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u620f\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c<wbr \/>\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u4eec\u628a\u76ee\u5149\u6295\u5411\u201c\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u4eb2\u53cb\u3001\u540c\u4e8b\u3001\u90bb\u91cc\uff0c<wbr \/>\u624d\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u751f\u6210\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u3002\u6295\u5165\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u628a\u53ef\u9760\u4e0e\u5584\u610f\u505a\u6210\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c<wbr \/>\u80fd\u7a33\u4f4f\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5728\u906d\u9047\u53d8\u6545\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u201c\u8bf4\u201d\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u91cc\u201c<wbr \/>\u793a\u73b0\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u94b1\u8d22\u8ba9\u6e21\uff0c\u628a\u5b66\u672f\u8363\u8a89\u5f53\u4f5c\u53ef\u5f03\u4e4b\u7269\uff0c\u628a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f53\u4f5c\u201c<wbr \/>\u4fee\u8eab\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u82db\u523b\u9996\u5148\u52a0\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5e38\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3001<wbr \/>\u5e38\u5fcf\u6094\u3002\u4f26\u7406\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u6559\u6761\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u6821\u6b63\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<wbr \/>\u4f20\u8bb0\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u7ec6\u8282\u663e\u793a\u8fd9\u70b9\uff1a\u4e61\u6751\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u4e25\u5389\u4e0e\u4e8b\u540e\u9053\u6b49\u3001<wbr \/>\u75c5\u623f\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u4f4e\u8c03\u3001\u4e0e\u53cb\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5766\u767d\u4e0e\u53cd\u7701\uff08Monk\uff09\u3002<wbr \/>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7247\u6bb5\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u8fbe\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u5224\u65ad\u7ed9\u884c\u4e3a\u627e\u501f\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u600e\u4e48\u624d\u6d3b\u5f97\u201c\u66f4\u5e78\u798f\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\u628a\u5e78\u798f\u4e0e\u201c\u4f26\u7406\u6001\u5ea6\u201d\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u547d\u9898\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<wbr \/>\u5373\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u5168\u90e8\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u672a\u88ab\u89e6\u53ca\u201d(<wbr \/>Wittgenstein, Tractatus 6.52)\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5e78\u798f\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u201c\u77e5\u9053\u66f4\u591a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\uff0c<wbr \/>\u800c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u7ad9\u7acb\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e4b\u524d\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6218\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u6e05\u8d2b\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4e3b\u52a8\u79bb\u5f00\u540d\u6d41\u5708\uff0c\u6295\u8eab\u4f53\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0e\u57fa\u5c42\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u6001\u5ea6\u201d<wbr \/>\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5e78\u798f\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5f97\u5230\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u5bf9\u5f85\u201d\uff1b<wbr \/>\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u754c\u6362\u88c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5185\u5fc3\u5b9a\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\u4f20\u8bb0\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u51e0\u6761\u600e\u4e48\u624d\u6d3b\u5f97\u201c<wbr \/>\u66f4\u5e78\u798f\u201d\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u51c6\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e00\uff1a\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u795b\u9b45\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7126\u8651\u6765\u81ea\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u5148\u628a\u201c\u80fd\u8bf4\u6e05\u201d<wbr \/>\u7684\u4e0e\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bf4\u201d\u7684\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u80fd\u8bf4\u6e05\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u7528\u6734\u7d20\u8bed\u8a00\u628a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6446\u51fa\u6765\uff1b<wbr \/>\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u7528\u884c\u52a8\u53bb\u627f\u62c5\uff0c\u7528\u6c89\u9ed8\u7ed9\u51fa\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u5b8f\u5927\u8bcd\u201d\uff0c<wbr \/>\u591a\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u51c6\u786e\u8bcd\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e8c\uff1a\u628a\u4ef7\u503c\u843d\u5728\u624b\u4e0a\u3002\u5e78\u798f\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u201c\u505a\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u6559\u4e66\u3001\u5199\u4f5c\u3001<wbr \/>\u62a4\u7406\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u624b\u5de5\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u8ba4\u771f\u505a\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u7a33\u5b9a\u800c\u5185\u5728\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002<wbr \/>\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\u5bf9\u201c\u7ec6\u8282\u201d\u7684\u8fd1\u4e4e\u82db\u6c42\uff0c\u662f\u63d0\u9192\uff1a\u5ba1\u7f8e\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u76f8\u901a\uff1b<wbr \/>\u628a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u505a\u6f02\u4eae\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6446\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e09\uff1a\u7b80\u5316\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u865a\u8363\u7684\u5360\u6bd4\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u9057\u4ea7\u8ba9\u51fa\uff0c<wbr \/>\u628a\u751f\u6d3b\u538b\u5230\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u8d2b\u7a77\uff0c<wbr \/>\u800c\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u88ab\u5360\u6709\u7269\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5360\u6709\u3002\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u201c<wbr \/>\u51cf\u5c11\u65e0\u8c13\u6bd4\u8f83\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4ece\u201c\u522b\u4eba\u600e\u6837\u770b\u201d\u8f6c\u56de\u201c\u81ea\u5df1\u600e\u6837\u505a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u56db\uff1a\u5bf9\u75db\u82e6\u4fdd\u6301\u6b63\u89c6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5938\u9970\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u75db\u82e6\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4e5f\u4e0d\u62ff\u75db\u82e6\u5f53\u65d7\u5e1c\u3002\u627f\u8ba4\u5b83\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b83\u7559\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b<wbr \/>\u540c\u65f6\u7528\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5173\u6000\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u4ece\u75db\u82e6\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5e78\u798f\u4e0d\u662f\u6d88\u706d\u75db\u82e6\uff0c<wbr \/>\u800c\u662f\u628a\u75db\u82e6\u5b89\u7f6e\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e94\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b64\u72ec\u6b63\u540d\u3002\u4ed6\u591a\u6b21\u9690\u5c45\u5199\u4f5c\u3001\u65ad\u5f00\u793e\u4ea4\u3002\u5b64\u72ec\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c<wbr \/>\u800c\u662f\u201c\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u9f50\u201d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u5de5\u5e8f\u3002\u9002\u91cf\u7684\u72ec\u5904\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4f7f\u4eba\u80fd\u770b\u89c1\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5728\u5608\u6742\u4e2d\u8ff7\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u516d\uff1a\u5bf9\u771f\u8bda\u4fdd\u6301\u656c\u754f\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u201c\u8bf4\u8c0e\u201d\u5f53\u4f5c\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002<wbr \/>\u771f\u8bda\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u52c7\u4e8e\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u6bd4\u8fa9\u89e3\u66f4\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u957f\u671f\u7684\u635f\u8017\u3002<wbr \/>\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u800d\u6ed1\u3001\u4e0d\u88c5\u9970\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9053\u7406\u5e76\u4e0d\u65b0\u9c9c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f20\u8bb0\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u201c\u843d\u5730\u201d\u3002<wbr \/>\u5e78\u798f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7684\u987f\u609f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u5c0f\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u7d2f\u52a0\u3002<wbr \/>\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u5e76\u4e0d\u201c\u987a\u9042\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e38\u88ab\u7126\u8651\u8ffd\u9010\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4e5f\u5e38\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5931\u671b\uff1b\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ece\u672a\u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u8bda\u5b9e\u4e0e\u6e05\u6f88\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u4f20\u8bb0\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c<wbr \/>\u505a\u4eba\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u5448\u73b0\u5f97\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u5b66\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u82e5\u628a\u201c\u66f4\u5e78\u798f\u5730\u6d3b\u201d<wbr \/>\u5f53\u4f5c\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u4ece\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5904\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a\u8bf4\u6e05\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3001\u5c11\u7528\u5927\u8bdd\uff1b<wbr \/>\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u653e\u5230\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u51cf\u5c11\u65e0\u8c13\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1b<wbr \/>\u7528\u884c\u52a8\u800c\u975e\u53e3\u53f7\u8868\u8fbe\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b\u5728\u8be5\u6c89\u9ed8\u5904\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u9053\u6b49\u5904\u9053\u6b49\uff1b<wbr \/>\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u505a\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u4f1a\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5e78\u798f\u4f1a\u5728\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\u751f\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Works Cited<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Monk, Ray.\u00a0<em>Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius<\/em>. Vintage, 1991.<\/p>\n<p>Wittgenstein, Ludwig.\u00a0<em>Philosophical Investigations<\/em>. Translated by G. E. M. Anscombe, Blackwell, 1953.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014.\u00a0<em>Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus<\/em>. Translated by David Pears and Brian McGuinness, Routledge, 1961.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u5f15\u6587\u6240\u7528\u547d\u9898\uff0f\u8282\u7f16\u53f7\u4f9d\u539f\u4e66\u901a\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\u6807\u6ce8\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u827a\u6587\u4e2d\u56fd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u57661889 \u5e74\u751f\u4e8e\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\uff0c\u9752\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u5b66\u5de5\u7a0b\uff1b\u7ecf\u5f17\u96f7\u683c\u5f15\u8350\uff0c\u8d74\u5251\u6865\u8ddf\u968f\u7f57\u7d20\uff1b\u4e00\u6218\u4ece\u519b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6218\u58d5\u91cc\u5b8c\u6210\u65e9\u671f\u601d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","category-light"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5895","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5895"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5895\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5897,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5895\/revisions\/5897"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}