{"id":5941,"date":"2025-11-19T10:03:30","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T15:03:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=5941"},"modified":"2025-11-19T10:03:30","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T15:03:30","slug":"%e5%be%90%e8%b4%b2-%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e5%88%86%e5%ad%90%e7%9a%84%e8%87%aa%e6%88%91%e6%ac%ba%e9%aa%97%ef%bc%9a%e7%be%8e%e5%8c%96%e4%b8%93%e5%88%b6%e7%8b%ac%e8%a3%81%e7%9a%84%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=5941","title":{"rendered":"\u5f90\u8d32 | \u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6b3a\u9a97\uff1a\u7f8e\u5316\u4e13\u5236\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u56de\u58f0"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"main-menu\" data-testid=\"navbar\">\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"single-post-container\" role=\"main\" aria-label=\"Post\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"single-post\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA\">\n<article class=\"typography newsletter-post post\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"available-content\">\n<div class=\"body markup\" dir=\"auto\">\n<p>\u7de8\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u50f9\u503c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6210\u70ba\u5171\u8b58\uff1b\u66fe\u7d93\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u94c1\u5e55\u4e5f\u65e9\u5df2\u5d29\u584c\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u6975\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u6578\u91cf\u4e0a\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u74b0\u9867\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u3001\u4f0a\u6717\u3001\u54c8\u99ac\u65af\u7b49\u5c08\u5236\u653f\u6b0a\u4f9d\u7136\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u72fc\u74b0\u864e\u8996\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f62\u6210\u7368\u88c1\u8005\u806f\u76df\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e16\u754c\u5c0d\u5cd9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b78\u8005\u5f90\u8cc1\u4ee5\u96f7\u8499\u00b7\u963f\u9686\uff08Raymond Aron\uff09\u3001\u8b93-\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u96f7\u97cb\u723e\uff08Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Revel\uff09\u53ca\u4fdd\u7f85\u00b7\u970d\u862d\u5fb7\uff08Paul Hollander\uff09\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u70ba\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5f9e\u601d\u60f3\u932f\u8aa4\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u507d\u5584\u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u75c5\u614b\u4e09\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6\u63ed\u793a\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7f8e\u5316\u6975\u6b0a\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u963f\u9686\u5728\u300a\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u9d09\u7247\u300b\u4e2d\u6279\u5224\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u4ee5\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u300d\u70ba\u6975\u6b0a\u66b4\u529b\u958b\u812b\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u8207\u85a9\u7279\u3001\u6885\u6d1b-\u9f90\u8482\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6c7a\u88c2\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u7406\u6027\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u96f7\u97cb\u723e\u5728\u300a\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8a98\u60d1\u300b\u4e2d\u63ed\u9732\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u9053\u5fb7\u61a4\u6012\uff0c\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u516c\u904e\u5ea6\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u537b\u5c0d\u8607\u806f\u52de\u6539\u71df\u3001\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u7b49\u66b4\u884c\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u5176\u507d\u5584\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u611f\u52d5\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u970d\u862d\u5fb7\u5728\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u671d\u8056\u8005\u300b\u4e2d\u5f9e\u5308\u7259\u5229\u9769\u547d\u7684\u89aa\u6b77\u8005\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u5c0d\u7570\u57df\u6975\u6b0a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5316\uff0c\u8996\u5176\u70ba\u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u6eff\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6295\u5c04\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u300c\u6295\u5c04\u6027\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u300d\u3002\u5f90\u8cc1\u9084\u6307\u51fa\u9019\u4e00\u5fc3\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u572821\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u4fc4\u70cf\u6230\u722d\u3001\u4ee5\u54c8\u885d\u7a81\u53ca\u4f0a\u6717\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u6230\u722d\u7b49\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4f9d\u7136\u5ef6\u7e8c\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u4ee5\u300c\u53cd\u5e1d\u300d\u300c\u53cd\u6b96\u300d\u7b49\u65b0\u8a71\u8a9e\u70ba\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u3001\u4f0a\u6717\u3001\u54c8\u99ac\u65af\u7b49\u5c08\u5236\u653f\u6b0a\u8faf\u8b77\uff0c\u91cd\u6f14\u6b77\u53f2\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f90\u8cc1\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u6b3a\u9a19\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u58ae\u843d\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u75c5\u614b\uff0c\u547c\u7c72\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u76f4\u9762\u73fe\u5be6\u3001\u62d2\u7d55\u8b0a\u8a00\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u6279\u5224\u7406\u6027\u8207\u9053\u5fb7\u52c7\u6c23\uff0c\u4ee5\u62b5\u79a6\u65b0\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u6975\u6b0a\u8a98\u60d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u514d\u8cbb\u8a02\u95b1\u300a\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55\u300b\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u5b9c\u53d1\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6\uff1aboshidunshuping@gmail.com\uff0c\u96a8\u610f\u6253\u8cde\uff1aZelle\uff0cPayPal\uff1aboshidunshuping@gmail.com \u7528\u6236\u540d\uff1aBoston Review of Books\uff1b\u9577\u671f\u652f\u6301\u8acb\u9ede\u64ca\u4e0b\u9762\u8a02\u95b1\uff0c\u5347\u7d1a\u70ba\u4ed8\u8cbb\u8a02\u95b1\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"captioned-image-container\">\n<figure>\n<div class=\"image2-inset can-restack\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!j1Rz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f417668-7d7e-46f2-9222-dd793b13d2cf_1396x696.heic 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!j1Rz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f417668-7d7e-46f2-9222-dd793b13d2cf_1396x696.heic 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!j1Rz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f417668-7d7e-46f2-9222-dd793b13d2cf_1396x696.heic 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!j1Rz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f417668-7d7e-46f2-9222-dd793b13d2cf_1396x696.heic 1456w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"sizing-normal\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!j1Rz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f417668-7d7e-46f2-9222-dd793b13d2cf_1396x696.heic\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!j1Rz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f417668-7d7e-46f2-9222-dd793b13d2cf_1396x696.heic 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!j1Rz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f417668-7d7e-46f2-9222-dd793b13d2cf_1396x696.heic 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!j1Rz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f417668-7d7e-46f2-9222-dd793b13d2cf_1396x696.heic 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!j1Rz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f417668-7d7e-46f2-9222-dd793b13d2cf_1396x696.heic 1456w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1396\" height=\"696\" 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pc-reset\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ee5\u66b4\u529b\u4e0e\u4e13\u5236\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u7248\u56fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u9690\u79d8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fb5\u8680\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fb5\u8680\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e3b\u52a8\u8fce\u5408\u3001\u4e3b\u52a8\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5305\u88c5\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6b3a\u9a97\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u96f7\u8499\u00b7\u963f\u9686\u5728\u300a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6b66\u529b\u4e0e\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u66f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u8fc7\u826f\u597d\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u81ea\u8be9\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e3b\u52a8\u53c2\u4e0e\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u795e\u8bdd\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5f80\u5f80\u6253\u7740\u201c\u53cd\u6297\u538b\u8feb\u201d\u201c\u8ffd\u6c42\u89e3\u653e\u201d\u7684\u65d7\u53f7\uff0c\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u591a\u53d8\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u538b\u7f29\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u72ec\u88c1\u548c\u6781\u6743\u66b4\u529b\u5bfb\u627e\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u5d07\u9ad8\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u75c5\u6001\u673a\u5236\u5e76\u975e\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6574\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8ba9-\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u96f7\u97e6\u5c14\u5728\u300a\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\u300b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u52b3\u6539\u8425\u3001\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u60e8\u5267\u5df2\u7136\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u56fa\u6267\u5730\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6781\u6743\u66b4\u529b\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u201c\u672a\u6765\u5b8c\u7f8e\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u6267\u7740\u3002\u7406\u6027\u8ba9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5c48\u4ece\u4e8e\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u88ab\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u5584\u6076\u4e8c\u5143\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u6781\u6743\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u5feb\u611f\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u7406\u60f3\u4e4b\u540d\u5b8c\u6210\u81ea\u6211\u5b89\u6170\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6295\u5c04\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u970d\u5170\u5fb7\u7684\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u671d\u5723\u8005\u300b\u5219\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u5411\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u897f\u65b9\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5bf9\u5f02\u57df\u6781\u6743\u653f\u6743\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8865\u507f\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5f80\u5f80\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u6240\u5904\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4e0e\u4e0d\u516c\u611f\u5230\u6127\u759a\u4e0e\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fdc\u65b9\u5f02\u57df\u5bfb\u627e\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u7eaf\u6d01\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6b63\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u7126\u8651\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6295\u5c04\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u6295\u5c04\u6027\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u201d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u5173\u6ce8\u5f02\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u82e6\u96be\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6267\u7740\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u6211\u9053\u5fb7\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u8bef\u533a\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u5c42\u5fc3\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u75c5\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u8b66\u9192\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u672a\u968f\u7740\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u800c\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u8fdb\u5165\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e13\u5236\u72ec\u88c1\u548c\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u518d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4ee5\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u8bc6\u5f6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class=\"captioned-image-container\">\n<figure>\n<div class=\"image2-inset can-restack\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!QNPK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2934f99e-b4f8-4168-8e2c-8a1daab142c2_590x886.heic 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!QNPK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2934f99e-b4f8-4168-8e2c-8a1daab142c2_590x886.heic 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!QNPK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2934f99e-b4f8-4168-8e2c-8a1daab142c2_590x886.heic 1272w, 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class=\"captioned-image-container\">\n<figure>\n<div class=\"image2-inset can-restack\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!uWsi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32055be8-bbcb-4fe3-9094-d82992a21afb_816x1184.heic 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!uWsi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32055be8-bbcb-4fe3-9094-d82992a21afb_816x1184.heic 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!uWsi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32055be8-bbcb-4fe3-9094-d82992a21afb_816x1184.heic 1272w, 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pc-reset\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001<strong>\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u970d\u5170\u5fb7\u4e0e\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u671d\u5723\u8005\u300b\uff1a\u4ece\u5308\u7259\u5229\u60b2\u5267\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u4f2a\u5584\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5256\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u96f7\u8499\u00b7\u963f\u9686\u548c\u8ba9-\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u96f7\u97e6\u5c14\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u5b66\u672f\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u826f\u77e5\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u970d\u5170\u5fb7\u7684\u6279\u5224\u5219\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4eb2\u5386\u8005\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u963f\u9686\u4e0e\u96f7\u97e6\u5c14\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u80cc\u666f\u5747\u624e\u6839\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u5904\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e2a\u81ea\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u4fbf\u4ee5\u201c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5de6\u7ffc\u201d\u6587\u5316\u8457\u79f0\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u601d\u60f3\u5708\uff0c\u5bf9\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6279\u5224\u66f4\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u7406\u6027\u53cd\u601d\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b\u800c\u970d\u5170\u5fb7\uff0c\u5219\u5e26\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u5e9f\u589f\u4e0e\u82e6\u96be\u4e2d\u8d70\u51fa\u7684\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u5dee\u5f02\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u6279\u5224\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u5207\u80a4\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u970d\u5170\u5fb7\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u5308\u7259\u5229\uff0c\u4eb2\u5386\u4e86\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u4e1c\u6b27\u82cf\u8054\u5f0f\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u9752\u6625\u5c81\u6708\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8c0e\u8a00\u3001\u9547\u538b\u4e0e\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e2d\u5ea6\u8fc7\u7684\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f1956\u5e74\u5308\u7259\u5229\u9769\u547d\u88ab\u82cf\u8054\u5766\u514b\u8840\u8165\u9547\u538b\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6446\u8131\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u521b\u4f24\u3002\u5728\u9003\u4ea1\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u53e4\u5df4\u7b49\u6781\u6743\u653f\u6743\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u843d\u5dee\u6210\u4e3a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5199\u4f5c\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u671d\u5723\u8005\u300b\uff08Political Pilgrims\uff09\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u52a8\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u970d\u5170\u5fb7\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7f8e\u5316\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u7684\u9a73\u65a5\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u5bf9\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u51b7\u6f20\u4e0e\u4f2a\u5584\u7684\u7edd\u671b\u63a7\u8bc9\u3002\u5bf9\u963f\u9686\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u5bf9\u96f7\u97e6\u5c14\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u683c\u4f2a\u5584\uff1b\u4f46\u5bf9\u970d\u5170\u5fb7\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5207\u5b9e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u5496\u5561\u9986\u91cc\u8c08\u8bba\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u60f3\u201d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u7740\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5e9f\u589f\u4e0e\u9c9c\u8840\u53d1\u8868\u201c\u5145\u6ee1\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u6000\u7684\u6f14\u8bf4\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u5177\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u970d\u5170\u5fb7\u654f\u9510\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u6295\u5c04\u673a\u5236\uff08projection 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compensation\uff09\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3001\u7126\u8651\u548c\u7f9e\u6127\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4ed6\u65b9\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u201d\uff0c\u6765\u586b\u8865\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7126\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u970d\u5170\u5fb7\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u671d\u5723\u8005\u201d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u613f\u610f\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c0e\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u6b3a\u9a97\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u52a8\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c0e\u8a00\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u6211\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u7406\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u96c6\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6b3a\u5fc3\u7406\u75c5\u6001\uff08collective self-deception psychopathology\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6781\u6743\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u4e0e\u6050\u6016\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0b\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u53bb\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5931\u660e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7ef4\u6301\u201c\u6211\u7ad9\u5728\u6b63\u4e49\u4e00\u8fb9\u201d\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u963f\u9686\u548c\u96f7\u97e6\u5c14\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u970d\u5170\u5fb7\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u66f4\u52a0\u51b7\u9759\uff0c\u5e26\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5b66\u672f\u5316\u7684\u514b\u5236\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u8fd9\u4efd\u514b\u5236\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6124\u6012\u4e0e\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u963f\u9686\u548c\u96f7\u97e6\u5c14\u6279\u5224\u7684\u662f\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4f2a\u5584\u201d\uff0c\u970d\u5170\u5fb7\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u75c5\u6001\u5316\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u4e3b\u52a8\u5236\u9020\u8c0e\u8a00\u6765\u9003\u907f\u5185\u5fc3\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u970d\u5170\u5fb7\u6765\u81ea\u5308\u7259\u5229\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6781\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u5bb3\u56fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5929\u7136\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u79cd**\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u773c\u775b\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c6\u89d2\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u201c\u6295\u5c04\u6027\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u201d\uff08projective 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Raymond. The Opium of the Intellectuals. New York: Doubleday, 1962.<\/p>\n<p>Revel, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois. The Totalitarian Temptation. New York: Doubleday, 1977.<\/p>\n<p>Paul Hollander.Political Pilgrims: Western Intellectuals in Search of the Good Society. \u539f\u7248\u51fa\u7248\uff1aNew York: Oxford University Press, 1981\uff1bSecond Edition\uff1aTransaction Publishers, 1997\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-reset color-pub-primary-text-NyXPlw line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA\">\n<div class=\"profile-hover-card-target profileHoverCardTarget-PBxvGm\"><a class=\"pencraft pc-reset decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM reset-IxiVJZ\" href=\"https:\/\/substack.com\/@bostonreviewofbooks\">\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55 Boston Review of Books<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-reset\">\n<div class=\"pencraft pc-reset color-pub-secondary-text-hGQ02T line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA\">Jun 25, 2025<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7de8\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u50f9\u503c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6210\u70ba\u5171\u8b58\uff1b\u66fe\u7d93\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u94c1\u5e55\u4e5f\u65e9\u5df2\u5d29\u584c\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u6975\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u6578\u91cf\u4e0a\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5942,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","category-light"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5941"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5941\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5943,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5941\/revisions\/5943"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5942"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}