{"id":5991,"date":"2025-12-04T09:33:03","date_gmt":"2025-12-04T14:33:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=5991"},"modified":"2025-12-04T09:33:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T14:33:03","slug":"%e6%bc%a2%e5%a8%9c%c2%b7%e9%98%bf%e5%80%ab%e7%89%b9-%e6%88%91%e5%80%91%e9%9b%a3%e6%b0%91%ef%bc%88we-refugees%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=5991","title":{"rendered":"\u6f22\u5a1c\u00b7\u963f\u502b\u7279 | \u6211\u5011\u96e3\u6c11\uff08We Refugees\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55 Boston Review of Books<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Dec 04, 2025<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u300a\u6211\u5011\u96e3\u6c11\u300b\uff08We Refugees\uff09\u5beb\u65bc1943\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6f22\u5a1c\u00b7\u963f\u502b\u7279\u62b5\u9054\u7f8e\u570b\u5f8c\u4e0d\u5230\u5169\u5e74\u3001\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5c0d\u6b50\u6d32\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u6ec5\u7d55\u884c\u52d5\u6700\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u6642\u671f\u3002\u59791933\u5e74\u9003\u96e2\u5fb7\u570b\uff0c\u7d93\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u3001\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c1941\u5e745\u6708\u624d\u8f3e\u8f49\u62b5\u9054\u7d10\u7d04\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6b50\u9678\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u843d\u5165\u7d0d\u7cb9\u4e4b\u624b\uff0c\u6578\u5341\u842c\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u6b63\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u6ec5\u7d55\u71df\u3002\u963f\u502b\u7279\u81ea\u5df1\u525b\u525b\u62ff\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u300c\u5916\u50d1\u767b\u8a18\u8b49\u300d\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u5165\u7c4d\uff0c\u537b\u5df2\u6df1\u523b\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u300c\u96e3\u6c11\u300d\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u8352\u8a95\u8207\u5c48\u8fb1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6700\u521d\u767c\u8868\u65bc1943\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\u7684\u300aThe Menorah Journal\u300b\uff08\u300a\u5149\u660e\u7bc0\u96dc\u8a8c\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u7d10\u7d04\u7684\u7336\u592a\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u5c0f\u578b\u82f1\u6587\u5b63\u520a\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u5316\u7684\u5fb7\u88d4\u8207\u6771\u6b50\u88d4\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u7a31\u8907\u6578\u300c\u6211\u5011\u300d\u5beb\u6210\uff0c\u8a9e\u6c23\u51b7\u975c\u3001\u8af7\u523a\u3001\u5e36\u8457\u96e3\u4ee5\u63a9\u98fe\u7684\u61a4\u6012\uff0c\u4e00\u51fa\u7248\u4fbf\u5728\u7336\u592a\u96e3\u6c11\u793e\u7fa4\u5f15\u8d77\u5de8\u5927\u9707\u64bc\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u8b80\u8005\u5beb\u4fe1\u7d66\u7de8\u8f2f\u8aaa\u300c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4e0d\u6562\u8aaa\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u8a71\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5beb\u5f97\u592a\u76f4\u767d\u3001\u592a\u4e0d\u300c\u611f\u6069\u300d\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u4e3b\u6d41\u7336\u592a\u7d44\u7e54\u66fe\u79c1\u4e0b\u6279\u8a55\u5b83\u300c\u7d66\u96e3\u6c11\u62b9\u9ed1\u300d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7bc7\u4e0d\u5230\u4e09\u5343\u5b57\u7684\u77ed\u6587\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u963f\u502b\u7279\u6230\u5f8c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\uff1a\u7121\u570b\u7c4d\u72c0\u614b\u5982\u4f55\u525d\u596a\u4eba\u6b0a\u3001\u6975\u6b0a\u5982\u4f55\u6467\u6bc0\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u96e3\u6c11\u4f5c\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u6975\u7aef\u8c61\u5fb5\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u300a\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\uff081951\uff09\u88e1\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u7121\u570b\u7c4d\u8005\u300d\u8207\u300c\u96e3\u6c11\u300d\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u9019\u7bc71943\u5e74\u5c0f\u6587\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\u8207\u6df1\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u963f\u502b\u7279\u7528\u82f1\u6587\u5beb\u4f5c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u5979\u5f9e\u5fb7\u8a9e\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u5fb9\u5e95\u8f49\u5411\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u5171\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u8f49\u6298\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55\u5728\u570b\u6703\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u627e\u5230\u963f\u502b\u7279\u6f22\u5a1c\u00b7\u963f\u502b\u7279\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6b78\u5316\u8b49\u66f8\uff08Certificate of Naturalization\uff09\u3002\u963f\u502b\u72791941\u5e745\u6708\u4f5c\u70ba\u96e3\u6c11\u9003\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u8db3\u8db3\u7b49\u4e8610\u5e74\u96f67\u500b\u6708\uff0c\u624d\u57281951\u5e7412\u670810\u65e5\u9019\u4e00\u5929\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u8a93\u6210\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u9019\u5f35\u8b49\u66f8\u662f\u5979\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5979\u5f8c\u4f86\u5e38\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u9019\u4e00\u751f\u6700\u60f3\u505a\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u91cd\u65b0\u64c1\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u201d\u9019\u5f35\u7d19\uff0c\u7d42\u7d50\u4e86\u5979\u9577\u905418\u5e74\u7684\u7121\u570b\u7c4d\u72c0\u614b\uff081933\u20131951\uff09\u3002\u5728\u96e3\u6c11\u5371\u6a5f\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55\u91cd\u65b0\u7ffb\u8b6f\u963f\u502b\u7279\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7d00\u5ff5\u6f22\u5a1c\u00b7\u963f\u502b\u7279\uff08Hannah Arendt\uff09\u53bb\u4e16\u4e94\u5341\u9031\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6f22\u5a1c\u00b7\u963f\u502b\u7279\uff081943\uff09<\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u88ab\u6551\u51fa\u4f86\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5011\u7576\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u6551\u904e\u597d\u5e7e\u6b21\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e26\u76e1\u5feb\u5fd8\u6389\u4e4b\u524d\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5404\u7a2e\u539f\u56e0\u7121\u6cd5\u9075\u5b88\u9019\u689d\u898f\u5247\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6a02\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u300d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u5207\u53c8\u6703\u597d\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u300c\u60b2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u5207\u6c38\u9060\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u4eba\u5728\u793e\u7fa4\u88e1\u90fd\u4e0d\u592a\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u3002\u6a02\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u592a\u5929\u771f\u300d\uff0c\u60b2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u300c\u592a\u60b2\u89c0\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6211\u5011\u76e1\u5feb\u6210\u70ba\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u5c0d\u6bcf\u4e00\u5f35\u5ba3\u544a\u6211\u5011\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u5fc3\u5b58\u611f\u6fc0\u3002\u6211\u5011\u76e1\u5feb\u540c\u5316\uff0c\u5c0d\u6bcf\u4e00\u9ede\u88ab\u63a5\u7d0d\u7684\u8de1\u8c61\u90fd\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u611f\u6fc0\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u88ab\u6190\u61ab\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u8981\u88ab\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u60f3\u6210\u70ba\u554f\u984c\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u6210\u70ba\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5011\u7576\u4e2d\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u9084\u6c92\u5fd8\u8a18\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u96e3\u6c11\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u662f\u7570\u9109\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6c38\u9060\u662f\u7570\u9109\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ef\u518d\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u81ea\u7531\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u64fa\u812b\u4e00\u5207\u793e\u6703\u7d10\u5e36\u3001\u4e00\u5207\u570b\u65cf\u6548\u5fe0\u3001\u4e00\u5207\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5148\u92d2\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u90a3\u500b\u6c11\u65cf\u9084\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5e36\u8457\u9019\u4efd\u8a8d\u77e5\u6d3b\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u975e\u5b97\u6559\u6b89\u9053\u8005\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u88ab\u660e\u767d\u544a\u77e5\u300c\u54ea\u88e1\u90fd\u4e0d\u6b61\u8fce\u4f60\u5011\u300d\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u88ab\u81ea\u5df1\u653f\u5e9c\u525d\u596a\u570b\u7c4d\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6d3b\u8457\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u61f7\u62b1\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u7d42\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u6211\u5011\u6703\u88ab\u63a5\u7d0d\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u96e3\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

We Refugees<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hannah Arendt<\/p>\n

First published in The Menorah Journal, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Spring 1943), pp. 69\u201377.<\/p>\n

In the first place, we don\u2019t like to be called \u201crefugees.\u201d We ourselves call each other \u201cnewcomers\u201d or \u201cimmigrants.\u201d Our newspapers are papers for \u201cAmericans of German language\u201d; and, as far as I know, there is not and never was any club founded by Hitler-persecuted people whose name indicated that its members were refugees.<\/p>\n

A refugee used to be a person driven out on account of race or political creed. The new type of refugee is a person who has been driven out because he refused to be a persecutor. The difference is not merely academic. The old refugees had a country to return to when the storm was over. The new ones have no country to return to; they are the first non-religious martyrs in history.<\/p>\n

We are the first non-religious martyrs. Hell is no longer a religious belief or a fantasy, but something real that is happening here on earth. In the concentration camps people were killed not because they had been guilty of anything but because they were Jews. We lost our home, which means the familiarity of daily life. We lost our occupation, which means the confidence that we are of some use in this world. We lost our language, which means the naturalness of reactions, the simplicity of gestures, the unaffected expression of feelings. We left our relatives in the Polish ghettos and our best friends have been killed in concentration camps, and that means the rupture of our private lives.<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, as soon as we were saved\u2014and most of us had to be saved several times\u2014we started our new lives and tried to forget as quickly as possible all that had happened before. There are, of course, some unhappy exceptions who, for various reasons, cannot follow this rule. They are the \u201coptimists\u201d who believe that everything will be all right again, or the \u201cpessimists\u201d who believe that everything is lost forever. Both groups are not very popular in the community. The optimists are considered to be \u201ctoo na\u00efve, the pessimists too pessimistic. The majority of us, however, try to adjust ourselves to the new country and to forget the old one as quickly as possible.<\/p>\n

The less we are free to decide who we are or to live as we like, the more we try to put up a front, to hide the world a proud fa\u00e7ade. The less we are treated as human beings, the more we try to look like human beings. We don\u2019t want to be refugees; we want to be Americans, Frenchmen, Englishmen\u2014anything but refugees.<\/p>\n

We try to become citizens as quickly as possible, and we are grateful for every document that proclaims us citizens. We try to become assimilated as quickly as possible, and we are grateful for every sign that we are accepted. We don\u2019t want to be pitied; we want to be respected. We don\u2019t want to be a problem; we want to be a solution.<\/p>\n

And yet\u2014there is a few among us who have not yet forgotten that we are refugees. They know that they are not at home in this world, that they are strangers and that they will remain strangers. They know that they have lost everything and that they have nothing to lose. They know that they are free\u2014free from all social ties, free from all national allegiances, free from all responsibilities. They are the vanguard of their people\u2014if their people still exist.<\/p>\n

We have to live with this knowledge. We have to live with the fact that we are the first non-religious martyrs. We have to live with the fact that we are the first people in history who have been told that they are not wanted anywhere. We have to live with the fact that we are the first people who have been made stateless by their own governments.<\/p>\n

And yet\u2014we are still alive. We are still human beings. We still hope. And we still believe that one day we shall be accepted\u2014not as refugees, but as human beings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55 Boston Review of Books Dec 04, 2025 \u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u300a\u6211\u5011\u96e3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5992,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5991","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5991"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5991\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5993,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5991\/revisions\/5993"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5992"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}