{"id":6059,"date":"2025-12-19T10:24:02","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T15:24:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=6059"},"modified":"2025-12-19T10:24:43","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T15:24:43","slug":"%e9%9b%aa%e5%bf%a0%ef%bc%9a%e6%b4%9b%e5%85%8b%e3%80%8a%e6%94%bf%e5%ba%9c%e8%ae%ba%e4%b8%a4%e7%af%87%e3%80%8b%e8%af%91%e8%80%85%e5%af%bc%e8%a8%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=6059","title":{"rendered":"\u96ea\u5fe0\uff1a\u6d1b\u514b\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u4e24\u7bc7\u300b\u8bd1\u8005\u5bfc\u8a00"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-6060\" src=\"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u622a\u5c4f2025-12-19-\u4e0a\u534810.22.24-300x167.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u622a\u5c4f2025-12-19-\u4e0a\u534810.22.24-300x167.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u622a\u5c4f2025-12-19-\u4e0a\u534810.22.24-1024x569.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u622a\u5c4f2025-12-19-\u4e0a\u534810.22.24-768x427.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u622a\u5c4f2025-12-19-\u4e0a\u534810.22.24-1536x853.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u622a\u5c4f2025-12-19-\u4e0a\u534810.22.24-1200x667.jpeg 1200w, https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u622a\u5c4f2025-12-19-\u4e0a\u534810.22.24-1980x1100.jpeg 1980w, https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u622a\u5c4f2025-12-19-\u4e0a\u534810.22.24.jpeg 1998w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e00 \u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u4e24\u7bc7\u300b\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u76ee\u7684<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e8c \u81ea\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e09 \u5206\u6743\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u548c\u81ea\u7531<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u56db \u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6743<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e94 \u6709\u9650\u653f\u5e9c<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u516d \u6218\u4e89\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6743<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e03 \u5bf9\u83f2\u5c14\u9ed8\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\u548c\u56de\u5e94<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u516b \u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u5207<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u4e5d \u5baa\u653f\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5fb7\u6027<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"gmail-pencraft gmail-pc-display-flex gmail-pc-alignItems-center gmail-pc-position-absolute gmail-pc-reset gmail-header-anchor-parent\">\n<div class=\"gmail-pencraft gmail-pc-display-contents gmail-pc-reset gmail-pubTheme-yiXxQA\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>1683\u5e746\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u79d8\u4e66\u5229\u5965\u6797\u00b7\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\uff08LeolineJenkins\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63a5\u89c1\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u57fa\u6797\uff08JosephKeeling\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u53d8\u8282\u8005\u5411\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ea4\u4ee3\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u8bd5\u56fe\u523a\u6740\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002[1]\u539f\u6765\uff0c\u53bb\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u7fa4\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u4eba\u83b7\u6089\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u7ea6\u514b\u516c\u7235\uff08Duke of York\uff0c\u5373\u540e\u6765\u7684\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\uff09\u5c06\u4e8e\u6765\u5e743\u6708\u51fa\u5e2d\u5728\u7ebd\u9a6c\u7279(Newmarket)\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u8d5b\u9a6c\u4f1a\uff0c\u6d3b\u52a8\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u5c06\u4e00\u540c\u8fd4\u56de\u4f26\u6566\uff0c\u5e76\u9014\u7ecf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb&#8221;\u9ed1\u9ea6\u5c4b&#8221;\uff08Rye House\uff09\u7684\u5ba2\u6808\u3002\u8fd9\u7fa4\u4eba\u5bc6\u8c0b\u5230\u65f6\u5728\u6b64\u8bbe\u4e0b\u57cb\u4f0f\uff0c\u4f3a\u673a\u51fb\u6740\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f0f\u51fb\u8ba1\u5212\u56e0\u6545\u672a\u80fd\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u7fa4\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u4eba\u5e76\u672a\u5c31\u6b64\u4f5c\u7f62\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d2d\u4e70\u6b66\u5668\u548c\u5bfb\u627e\u5408\u9002\u7684\u884c\u523a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002[2]<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6b21\u63a5\u89c1\u7ed3\u675f\u6570\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\uff0c\u5df2\u89c9\u5bdf\u5230\u5371\u9669\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6d1b\u514b\u8fc5\u901f\u79bb\u5f00\u4f26\u6566\uff0c\u968f\u8eab\u643a\u5e26\u7740\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u4e24\u7bc7\u300b\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\u3002\u4e00\u5468\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c55\u5f00\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6293\u6355\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u591a\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u540c\u4ec1\u56e0\u672a\u53ca\u65f6\u9003\u79bb\u800c\u843d\u7f51\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u897f\u90e8\u85cf\u533f\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8b\u6001\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u30027\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a8\u6d4b\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u641c\u6355\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4fbf\u5199\u597d\u9057\u5631\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u8d22\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u7a3f\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4ea4\u7531\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4eba\u4fdd\u7ba1\u30021683\u5e748\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u767b\u4e0a\u524d\u5f80\u8377\u5170\u7684\u822a\u8239\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u957f\u8fbe\u516d\u5e74\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d41\u4ea1\u751f\u6d3b\u3002[3]<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"gmail-header-anchor-post\"><strong>\u4e00 \u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u4e24\u7bc7\u300b\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u76ee\u7684<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>\u5c31\u5728\u4e03\u4e2a\u6708\u524d\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u96c7\u4e3b\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u548c\u9769\u547d\u540c\u9053\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u4f2f\u7235\uff08Earl of Shaftesbury\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u6d41\u4ea1\u8005\u5728\u8377\u5170\u53bb\u4e16\u30021666\u5e74\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u9996\u6b21\u89c1\u5230\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u963f\u4ec0\u5229\u00b7\u5e93\u67cf\uff08Anthony Ashley Cooper\uff0c\u5373\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u4f2f\u7235\uff09\u3002\u7fcc\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u4f4f\u8fdb\u540e\u8005\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u5e9c\u90b8\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u79d8\u4e66\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ed6\u5b59\u8f88\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6700\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u987e\u95ee\u548c\u6700\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u7684\u4e3e\u8350\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u51fa\u4efb\u8fc7\u82e5\u5e72\u4e0d\u592a\u663e\u8981\u7684\u516c\u804c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\u6cbb\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u6709\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u5148\u540e\u51fa\u4efb\u8d22\u653f\u5927\u81e3\uff08Chancellor of the Exchequer\uff09\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff08President of the Council of Trade\uff09\u3001\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98(Lord Chancellor\uff0c\u4e0a\u9662\u8bae\u957f)\u548c\u56fd\u52a1\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff08Lord President of the Council\uff09\u7b49\u663e\u8981\u5b98\u804c\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u5e76\u65e0\u592a\u591a\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u96be\u4ee5\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7740\u660e\u786e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u539f\u5219\u7684\u4eba\u3002[4]\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u75db\u6068\u6559\u4f1a\u6743\u529b\u548c\u4e13\u5236\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5b97\u6559\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u575a\u5b9a\u634d\u536b\u5f02\u8bae\u8005\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u7528\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f&#8221;\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u5145\u6c9b\u548c\u5b5c\u5b5c\u4e0d\u5026\u7684\u634d\u536b\u8005&#8221;\u3002[5]\u8fd9\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u7684\u9886\u8896\u548c\u738b\u5ba4\u6700\u618e\u6068\u7684\u653f\u654c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1670\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u593a\u56de\u843d\u5165\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db\u8ba2\u7acb\u540c\u76df\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e00\u9053\u5bf9\u8377\u5170\u5f00\u6218\u3002\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5df2\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e00\u9879\u79d8\u5bc6\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e3a\u67e5\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d22\u653f\u8865\u52a9\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u5219\u5728\u672a\u6765\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u5e03\u7688\u4f9d\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4fe1\u5949\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5669\u68a6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f46\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5f97\u52bf\u548c\u5bf9\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8840\u8165\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u72b9\u65b0\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u610f\u5473\u7740\u82f1\u56fd\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u5baa\u5236\u5c06\u88ab\u98a0\u8986\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u50cf\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u7edd\u5bf9\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8c01\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u4f46\u52301673\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u548c\u738b\u4f4d\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u7ea6\u514b\u516c\u7235\u5df2\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u5949\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u8b66\u60d5\u6559\u7687\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08popery\uff09\u7684\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u88ab\u89e3\u9664\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e4b\u804c\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\u9886\u8896\u7684\u751f\u6daf\u3002\u4ed6\u8054\u5408\u767d\u91d1\u6c49\u516c\u7235(Duke of Buckingham)\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u738b\u5ba4\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u738b\u89e3\u6563\u81ea1660\u5e74\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9a91\u58eb\u8bae\u4f1a\uff08Cavalier Parliament\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u3002[6]\u4f46\u56fd\u738b\u4e0d\u4e3a\u6240\u52a8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u5ea6\u5c06\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u56da\u7981\u4e8e\u4f26\u6566\u5854\u30021678\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u76db\u4f20\u6709\u4eba\u5bc6\u8c0b\u523a\u6740\u67e5\u7406\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8ba9\u4fe1\u5949\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u7ea6\u514b\u516c\u7235\u767b\u4e0a\u738b\u4f4d\u3002\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u4e0d\u5931\u65f6\u673a\u5730\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6240\u8c13\u7684&#8221;\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9634\u8c0b&#8221;\uff08Popish Plot\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u5176\u540c\u515a\u5728\u4e0b\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u9879\u6392\u9664\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u738b\u4f4d\u7ee7\u627f\u6743\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u963b\u6b62\u7ea6\u514b\u516c\u7235\u767b\u4e0a\u738b\u4f4d\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7531\u6b64\u8fdb\u5165\u6392\u9664\u5371\u673a\uff08Exclusion Crisis\uff09\u65f6\u671f\uff081679\u5e74-1681\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8d5e\u6210\u6392\u9664\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u6258\u5229\u515a\u4ea6\u5e94\u65f6\u800c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1679\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9634\u8c0b\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\u88ab\u8feb\u89e3\u6563\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u968f\u540e\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e09\u6b21\u4e0b\u9662\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5f53\u9009\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u96c6\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0b\u9662\u90fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6392\u9664\u6cd5\u6848\uff08Exclusion Bill\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u56fd\u738b\u5148\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6cd5\u6848\u624d\u8003\u8651\u4ed6\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u9700\u8981\u3002\u67e5\u7406\u62d2\u4e0d\u5c48\u670d\uff0c\u4ed6\u52a8\u7528\u541b\u4e3b\u7279\u6743\u8ba9\u8bae\u4f1a\u4f11\u4f1a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5e72\u8106\u89e3\u6563\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6253\u65ad\u6392\u9664\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u30021680\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u4e0a\u9662\u4ee563\u5bf930\u7684\u591a\u6570\u7968\u5426\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u4eba\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u963b\u6b62\u7ea6\u514b\u516c\u7235\u7ee7\u4f4d\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u906d\u53d7\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u30021681\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u9009\u51fa\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u96c6\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e94\u5929\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4fbf\u65ad\u7136\u89e3\u6563\u4e86\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u53ec\u96c6\u8fc7\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u9053\u8def\u5df2\u88ab\u5835\u6b7b\uff0c\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u8d85\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u5bf9\u4ed8\u738b\u5ba4\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6253\u7b97\u656c\u800c\u8fdc\u4e4b\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u548c\u8499\u9ed8\u65af\uff08Monmouth\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u975e\u5a5a\u751f\u5b50\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u4eba\u79d8\u5bc6\u7b56\u5212\u4e00\u573a\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u8d77\u4e49\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba1\u5212\u4e00\u518d\u53d7\u632b\u548c\u5ef6\u5b95\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u53c8\u5f00\u59cb\u8c0b\u5212\u523a\u6740\u67e5\u7406\u548c\u7ea6\u514b\u516c\u7235\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u8d77\u5bc6\u8c0b\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u30021682\u5e7411\u670819\u65e5\u665a\uff0c\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u88ab\u8feb\u9003\u5f80\u8377\u5170\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u4fbf\u5ba2\u6b7b\u4ed6\u4e61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u5171\u8fdb\u9000\uff0c&#8221;\u5728\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b14\u6746\u5b50&#8221;\uff0c\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b&#8221;\u9002\u5408\u516c\u8bf8\u4e8e\u4f17\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u4e2d\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4ed8\u5f97\u52bf\u7684\u6559\u7687\u515a\uff08Popish party\uff09\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u60c5\u7eea&#8221;[7]\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u523a\u6740\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5bc6\u8c0b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u65e0\u7591\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u8c0b\u5212\u8d77\u4e49\u4e8b\u5b9c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5199\u4f5c\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u4e24\u7bc7\u300b\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b66\u529b\u62b5\u6297\uff08armed resistance\uff09\u738b\u5ba4\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8ffd\u968f\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u5de8\u8457\u7684\u5b57\u91cc\u884c\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6d41\u4ea1\u671f\u95f4\uff081687\u5e74\u521d\uff09\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u8bbe\u6cd5\u8ba9\u4eba\u5c06\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u4e24\u7bc7\u300b\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u5e26\u81f3\u8377\u5170\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u9884\u89c1\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fc7\u8c0b\u5212\uff09\u5373\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u5965\u5170\u6cbb\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\uff08William of Orange\uff09\u5e26\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a8\u7ffb\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4ed6\u51b3\u5b9a\u5bf9\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u4e24\u7bc7\u300b\u7684\u539f\u7a3f\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u6269\u5145\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u5c71\u96e8\u6b32\u6765\u7684\u9769\u547d\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u3002[8]<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u5a01\u5ec9\u51fa\u5f81\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u4e8e1689\u5e742\u670811\u65e5\u56de\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u300212\u65e5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u8bae\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u300a\u6743\u5229\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u300213\u65e5\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e0e\u739b\u4e3d\u4e00\u9053\u767b\u4e0a\u82f1\u56fd\u738b\u4f4d\u3002\u4e3a\u56e0\u5e94\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d\u540e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u60c5\u52bf\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u518d\u5bf9\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u4e24\u7bc7\u300b\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u589e\u8865\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u4e3a\u8fd9\u573a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u6392\u9664\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\u5c31\u5df2\u5b9a\u578b\u30021689\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u5c06\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u4e24\u7bc7\u300b\u4ea4\u4ed8\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5370\u6210\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e8e\u5f53\u5e7411\u6708\u9762\u4e16\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u5f53\u65f6\u60ef\u4f8b\u8f7d\u660e\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u65f6\u95f4\u662f1690\u5e741\u6708\u3002[9]<\/p>\n<p>\u6d1b\u514b\u5199\u4f5c\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u4e24\u7bc7\u300b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u5e94\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8ba9\u5b83\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u8fde\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u4eba\u4e5f\u666e\u904d\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u541b\u4e3b\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7be1\u4f4d\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u672c\u6765\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u670d\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bba\u8bc1\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u4f53\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u62b5\u6297\u541b\u4e3b\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u611f\u5230\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u81e3\u6c11\u670d\u4ece\u5408\u6cd5\u541b\u4e3b\u4e4b\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u9650\u5ea6\uff0c\u541b\u4e3b\u884c\u4f7f\u6743\u529b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u81e3\u6c11\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u670d\u4ece\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6d1b\u514b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u4e4b&#8221;\u771f\u6b63\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u76ee\u7684&#8221;\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u300b\u4e0b\u7bc7\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u4ee5\u9898\u4e3a&#8221;\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u89e3\u4f53&#8221;\uff08\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u88ab\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u670d\u4ece\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u89e3\u9664\uff09\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u6536\u5c3e\uff0c\u662f\u518d\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u5199\u4f5c\u8fd9\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c&#8221;\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e3b\u5f20\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u53cd\u6297\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6743\u5229&#8221;\u3002[10]<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"gmail-header-anchor-post\">\u4e8c 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\/>\n<\/div>\n<p>[1]Richard Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics &amp; Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises of Government, Princeton University Press(1986), 370.<\/p>\n<p>[2]Richard Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics &amp; Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises of Government, 359-367.<\/p>\n<p>[3]Richard Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics &amp; Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises of Government, 3, 383, 410.<\/p>\n<p>[4]Richard Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics &amp; Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises of Government, 79-82.<\/p>\n<p>[5]Peter Laslett&#8217;s Introduction to John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, Cambridge University Press(1988), 37.<\/p>\n<p>[6]Richard Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics &amp; Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises of Government, 116-117.<\/p>\n<p>[7]\u8bed\u51fa\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u5b59\u8f88\u6240\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u3002\u89c1Peter Laslett&#8217;s Introduction to Two Treatises of Government, 27.<\/p>\n<p>[8]Richard Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics &amp; Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises of Government, 536.<\/p>\n<p>[9]Peter Laslett&#8217;s Introduction to Two Treatises of Government, 11-12, 65.<\/p>\n<p>[10]John Dunn, Loke: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press(1984), 28.<\/p>\n<p>[11]\u62ec\u53f7\u91cc\u7684&#8221;\u4e0b1&#8243;\u8868\u793a\u5f15\u6587\u51fa\u81ea\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u4e24\u7bc7\u300b\u7684\u4e0b\u7bc7\u7b2c1\u8282\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[12]Ruth W. Grant, John Locke&#8217;s Liberalism, the University of Chicago Press(1987), 52; Paul Kelly, Locke&#8217;s Second Treatise of Government: A Reader&#8217;s Guide, Continuum(2007), 3.<\/p>\n<p>[13]A. John Simmons, On the Edge of Anarchy: Locke, Consent, and the Limits of Society, Princeton University Press(1993), 5.<\/p>\n<p>[14]\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u8981\u5728\u4e0b\u7bc7\u7b2c3\u8282\u4e2d\u628a\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b&#8221;\u6743\u5229&#8221;\uff08right\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[15]\u5c31\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Ruth W. Grant, John Locke&#8217;s Liberalism, 65.<\/p>\n<p>[16]Ruth W. Grant, John Locke&#8217;s Liberalism, 67.<\/p>\n<p>[17] Peter Josephson, The Great Art of Government: Locke&#8217;s Use of Consent, University Press of Kansas(2002), 1.<\/p>\n<p>[18]Peter Laslett&#8217;s Introduction to Two Treatises of Government, 97.<\/p>\n<p>[19]\u5c31\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Ruth W. Grant, John Locke&#8217;s Liberalism, 65\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u7279\u6743\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[20]\u53c2\u89c1Peter Laslett&#8217;s Introduction to Two Treatises of Government, 114; [\u82f1]\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u5854\u5229\u8457\uff0c\u738b\u6d9b\u8bd1\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6d1b\u514b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u300b\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff082014\uff09\uff0c214\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5168\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u5728\u4e00\u81f4\u540c\u610f\u7ec4\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u6b64\u540e\u90fd\u8981\u670d\u4ece\u591a\u6570\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u7ec4\u5efa\u548c\u6388\u6743\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5219\u662f\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u524d\u8005\u968f\u7740\u540e\u8005\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u800c\u9000\u9690\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Ruth W. Grant, John Locke&#8217;s Liberalism, 104\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[21]A. John Simmons, On the Edge of Anarchy: Locke, Consent, and the Limits of Society, 70-72.<\/p>\n<p>[22]Nathan Tarcov, Locke&#8217;s Education for Liberty, The University of Chicago Press(1984), 1.<\/p>\n<p>[23]\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5efa\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u548c\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u660e\u786e\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4e0a67\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[24]Richard Ashcraft, Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises of Government, Routledge(2010), 48.<\/p>\n<p>[25]J. W. Gough, John Locker&#8217;s Political Philosophy, Oxford University Press(1956), 27-29; A. John Simmons, On the Edge of Anarchy: Locke, Consent, and the Limits of Society, 65-67.<\/p>\n<p>[26]\u5173\u4e8e\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u627f\u8ba4&#8221;\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ba9\u6e21\u7684\u6743\u5229&#8221;\uff08inalienable rights\uff09\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1A. John Simmons, On the Edge of Anarchy: Locke, Consent, and the Limits of Society, 101-146\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[27]A. John Simmons, On the Edge of Anarchy: Locke, Consent, and the Limits of Society, 43.<\/p>\n<p>[28]John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke, Cambridge University Press(1969), 127.<\/p>\n<p>[29]James Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts, Cambridge University Press(1993), 25-26.<\/p>\n<p>[30]Richard Ashcraft, Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises of Government, 211.<\/p>\n<p>[31]A. John Simmons, On the Edge of Anarchy: Locke, Consent, and the Limits of Society, 147.<\/p>\n<p>[32]A. John Simmons, On the Edge of Anarchy: Locke, Consent, and the Limits of Society, 162.<\/p>\n<p>[33]A. John Simmons, On the Edge of Anarchy: Locke, Consent, and the Limits of Society, 155-156.<\/p>\n<p>[34]\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f[\u82f1]J. G. A. \u6ce2\u8003\u514b\u8457\uff0c\u7fdf\u5c0f\u6ce2\u8bd1\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u4ee3\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5c01\u5efa\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8bd1\u6797\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff082014\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[35]Richard Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics &amp; Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises of Government, 186-189.<\/p>\n<p>[36]J. G. A. \u6ce2\u8003\u514b\u8457\uff0c\u7fdf\u5c0f\u6ce2\u8bd1\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u4ee3\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5c01\u5efa\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c220\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[37]\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u83f2\u5c14\u9ed8\u53ea\u662f\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a9\u62a4\u6027\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u6548\u4eff\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65b0\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Thomas Pangle, Spirit of Modern Republicanism: Moral Vision of American Founders and Philosophy of John Locke, University of Chicago Press(1988), 135\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[38]Peter Laslett&#8217;s Introduction to Two Treatises of Government, 68; John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke, 58-64. \u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u4e24\u7bc7\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5c06\u4e24\u8005\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e3b\u7ebf\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u5728\u4e0a\u7bc7\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u83f2\u5c14\u9ed8\u7684\u8be6\u5c3d\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u634d\u536b\u4e86\u7531\u4f17\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u8bba\u4f20\u7edf\uff1b\u5728\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u81ea\u7531\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u82e5\u5e72\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u81ea\u7531\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Lee Ward&#8217;s Introduction to John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, Hackett(2016), xii-xiv\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[39]Peter Josephson, The Great Art of Government: Locke&#8217;s Use of Consent, 23.<\/p>\n<p>[40]James Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts, 285.<\/p>\n<p>[41]Filmer, Patriarcha and Other Writings, ed. Johann P. Sommerville, Cambridge University Press(1991), 281; Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, ed. Richard Tuck, Cambridge University Press (1996), 130.<\/p>\n<p>[42]Julian H. Franklin, John Locke and the Theory of Sovereignty, Cambridge University Press(1978).<\/p>\n<p>[43]Richard Tuck, The Sleeping Sovereign: The Invention of Modern Democracy, Cambridge University Press(2016), 119.<\/p>\n<p>[44]Filmer, Patriarcha and Other Writings, 142.<\/p>\n<p>[45]\u80af\u5fb7\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u662f\u9996\u4f4d\u8ba4\u771f\u9610\u8ff0\u591a\u6570\u7edf\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Willmoore Kendall, John Locke and the Doctrine of Majority-Rule, University of Illinois Press(1941), 52\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[46]\u5173\u4e8e\u6b64\u79cd\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Willmoore Kendall, John Locke and the Doctrine of Majority-Rule, 114; A. John Simmons, On the Edge of Anarchy: Locke, Consent, and the Limits of Society, 93-94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[47]Ross J. Corbett, The Lockean Commonwealth, State University of New York Press(2009), 44.<\/p>\n<p>[48]Filmer, Patriarcha and Other Writings, 217.<\/p>\n<p>[49]Filmer, Patriarcha and Other Writings, 210.<\/p>\n<p>[50]\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u5854\u5229\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6d1b\u514b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u300b\uff0c78\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[51]\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u5854\u5229\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6d1b\u514b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u300b\uff0c157\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[52]\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u5854\u5229\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6d1b\u514b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u300b\uff0c142\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[53]\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u5854\u5229\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6d1b\u514b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u300b\uff0c166-167\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[54]\u5c31\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Richard Ashcraft, Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises of Government, 138-142\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[55]Stephen L. Newman, &#8216;Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises and Contemporary Thought: Freedom, Community, and the Liberal Tradition&#8217;, in Edward J. Harpham ed., John Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises of Government: New Interpretations, University Press of Kansas(1992), 183.<\/p>\n<p>[56]John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke, 81-82.<\/p>\n<p>[57]Stephen L. Newman, &#8216;Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises and Contemporary Thought: Freedom, Community, and the Liberal Tradition&#8217;, 185.<\/p>\n<p>[58]J. W. Gough, John Locker&#8217;s Political Philosophy, 22.<\/p>\n<p>[59]Thomas Pangle, Spirit of Modern Republicanism: Moral Vision of American Founders and Philosophy of John Locke, 170.<\/p>\n<p>[60]Paul Kelly, Locke&#8217;s Second Treatise of Government: A Reader&#8217;s Guide, 60-62.<\/p>\n<p>[61]\u5c31\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1James Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts, 28.<\/p>\n<p>[62]\u53c2\u89c1Peter Laslett&#8217;s Introduction to Two Treatises of Government, 101-107; John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke, 66-67; \u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u5854\u5229\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6d1b\u514b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u300b\uff0c227-230\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[63]Richard Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics &amp; Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises of Government, 251.<\/p>\n<p>[64]J. P. Sommerville, Royalists and Patriots: Politics and Ideology in England 1603-1640, Routledge(2014), 65-68.<\/p>\n<p>[65]Paul Kelly, Locke&#8217;s Second Treatise of Government: A Reader&#8217;s Guide, 124.<\/p>\n<p>[66] [\u82f1]\u7f57\u6770\u00b7\u4e4c\u5c14\u8c6a\u65af\u8457\uff0c\u674e\u7ea2\u3001\u767d\u82e5\u6676\u8bd1\uff1a\u300a\u6d1b\u514b\u4f20\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2021\u5e74\u7248\uff0c257\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[67]1690\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u9898\u4e3a&#8221;\u547c\u5401\u56fd\u5bb6\u56e2\u7ed3&#8221;\u7684\u6587\u7a3f\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u628a\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u4e24\u7bc7\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e09\u4e16\u767b\u4e0a\u82f1\u56fd\u738b\u4f4d\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u4ed6\u53f7\u53ec\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u4e00\u81f4\u62b5\u5fa1\u6765\u81ea\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\u8fd4\u56de\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c&#8221;\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u7edf\u6cbb\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba&#8221;\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u7f57\u6770\u00b7\u4e4c\u5c14\u8c6a\u65af\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u6d1b\u514b\u4f20\u300b\uff0c263\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[68]\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6559\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u786e\u7acb\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u548c\u5e73\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Greg Forster, John Locke&#8217;s Politics of Moral Consensus, Cambridge University Press(2005)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[69]\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5baa\u6cd5\u7406\u5ff5\u4e14\u884c\u653f\u7279\u6743\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u5baa\u6cd5\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Lee Ward, John Locke and Modern Life, Cambridge University Press(2010), 105-108\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[70]Julian H. Franklin, John Locke and the Theory of Sovereignty, 2.<\/p>\n<p>[71]Filmer, Patriarcha and Other Writings, 151.<\/p>\n<p>[72]John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke, 52.<\/p>\n<p>[73]Nathan Tarcov, &#8220;Locke&#8217;s Second Treatise and the &#8216;Best Fence against Rebellion'&#8221;, Review of Politics, 43(April 1981), 198-217.<\/p>\n<p>[74]\u5728\u4e0a\u7bc7\u7b2c123\u8282\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u8fd8\u8c08\u5230\u4e86&#8221;\u5eb6\u51fa\u7684\u957f\u5b50\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u7ee7\u4f4d\u6743&#8221;\u548c&#8221;\u59bb\u5b50\u4e0e\u5c0f\u59be\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7136\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u522b&#8221;\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6d1b\u514b\u5199\u4f5c\u8fd9\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u8d77\u773c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u6392\u9664\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u8499\u9ed8\u65af\u53d6\u4ee3\u7ea6\u514b\u516c\u7235\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u738b\u4f4d\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u8499\u9ed8\u65af\u867d\u662f\u67e5\u91cc\u7684\u957f\u5b50\uff0c\u5374\u975e\u4ed6\u7684\u6b63\u59bb\u6240\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5eb6\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u7bc7\u7b2c95\u8282\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u8868\u793a\uff1a&#8221;\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5408\u6cd5\u541b\u4e3b\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u6b21\u5b50\u6216\u59ca\u59b9\u4e4b\u5b50\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7ee7\u4f4d\u4e2d\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u6743\u3002&#8221; \u4ed6\u5728\u6b64\u5f3a\u8c03&#8221;\u59ca\u59b9\u4e4b\u5b50&#8221;\u4e5f\u80fd\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u7ee7\u4f4d\u6743\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8981\u4e3a\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e09\u4e16\u5728\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u5916\u9003\u540e\u767b\u4e0a\u82f1\u56fd\u738b\u4f4d\u6b63\u540d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u8005\u6b63\u662f\u540e\u8005\u7684\u5916\u7525\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[75]John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke, 106.<\/p>\n<p>[76]Richard Ashcraft, Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises of Government, 46.<\/p>\n<p>[77]\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u628a\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u4e3b\u5f20\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u4f53\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u6c11\u666e\u904d\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9053\u5fb7\u5fb7\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u793c\u8c8c\u3001\u5927\u5ea6\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u4eba\u9053\u7b49\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Nathan Tarcov, Locke&#8217;s Education for Liberty, 129-183\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[78]Richard Ashcraft, Locke&#8217;s Two Treatises of Government, 100-101.<\/p>\n<p>[79]\u62c9\u65af\u83b1\u7279\u8f83\u65e9\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u4f53\u4ee5\u4eba\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd&#8221;\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5fb7\u6027&#8221;\uff08natural political virtue\uff09\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Peter Laslett&#8217;s Introduction to Two Treatises of Government, 109-111\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[80]Ruth W. Grant, John Locke&#8217;s Liberalism, 109.<\/p>\n<p>[81]James Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts, 316.<\/p>\n<p>[82]Ross J. Corbett, The Lockean Commonwealth, 176.<\/p>\n<p>[83]James Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts, 15, 26-27; Peter Laslett&#8217;s Introduction to Two Treatises of Government, 97.<\/p>\n<p>[84]Ross J. Corbett, The Lockean Commonwealth, 95.<\/p>\n<p>[85]\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u6d1b\u514b\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5224\u65ad\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Lee Ward, John Locke and Modern Life, 67\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[86]James Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts, 317.<\/p>\n<p>[87]Ruth W. Grant, John Locke&#8217;s Liberalism, 174.<\/p>\n<p>[88]Nathan Tarcov, &#8220;Locke&#8217;s Second Treatise and the &#8216;Best Fence against Rebellion'&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>[89]\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u514b\u670d\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u7ef4\u5229\u3001\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u5f00\u521b\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u9a6f\u670d\u65e9\u671f\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6f5c\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7406\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5171\u548c\u653f\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u6240\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u5728\u300a\u7406\u60f3\u56fd\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Peter C. Myers, Our Only Star and Compass: Locke and the Struggle for Political Rationality, Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers(1998), 1-13\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u7f51\u7ad9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u76ee\u5f55 \u4e00 \u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bba\u4e24\u7bc7\u300b\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u76ee\u7684 \u4e8c \u81ea\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a \u4e09 \u5206\u6743\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u548c\u81ea\u7531 \u56db \u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6743 \u4e94 \u6709\u9650 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6060,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","category-light"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6059","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6059"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6059\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6062,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6059\/revisions\/6062"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6059"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}