{"id":6198,"date":"2026-01-21T10:22:24","date_gmt":"2026-01-21T15:22:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=6198"},"modified":"2026-01-21T10:27:33","modified_gmt":"2026-01-21T15:27:33","slug":"%e6%97%a7%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e5%b7%b2%e5%91%8a%e7%bb%88%ef%bc%8c%e5%a6%82%e9%9d%9e%e5%9d%90%e5%9c%a8%e5%b8%ad%e4%b8%8a%ef%bc%8c%e5%b0%b1%e4%bc%9a%e6%b2%a6%e4%b8%ba%e8%8f%9c%e5%8d%95-%e5%8a%a0%e6%8b%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=6198","title":{"rendered":"\u65e7\u4e16\u754c\u5df2\u544a\u7ec8\uff0c\u5982\u975e\u5750\u5728\u5e2d\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6ca6\u4e3a\u83dc\u5355 (\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u603b\u7406\u5361\u5c3c\u5728\u8fbe\u6c83\u65af\u8bba\u575b\u6f14\u8bb2\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<header><\/header>\n<div id=\"article\" class=\"my-2 flex\">\n<div class=\"mr-0.5 max-w-[100%] md:max-w-[904px] md:flex-grow md:px-4\">\n<div class=\"my-1.5 flex flex-wrap gap-1 break-keep text-black\/50\">\n<div class=\"flex 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class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Thank you very much, Larry. I&#8217;m going to start in French, and then I&#8217;ll switch back to English.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Thank you, Larry. It is both a pleasure, and a duty, to be with you tonight in this pivotal moment that Canada and the world going through.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Today I will talk about a rupture in the world order, the end of a pleasant fiction and the beginning of a harsh reality, where geopolitics, where the large, main power, geopolitics, is submitted to no limits, no constraints.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>On the other hand, I would like to tell you that the other countries, especially intermediate powers like Canada, are not powerless. They have the capacity to build a new order that encompasses our values, such as respect for human rights, sustainable development, solidarity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the various states.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>The power of the less power starts with honesty.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>It seems that every day we&#8217;re reminded that we live in an era of great power rivalry, that the rules based order is fading, that the strong can do what they can, and the weak must suffer what they must.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>And this aphorism of Thucydides is presented as inevitable, as the natural logic of international relations reasserting itself.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>And faced with this logic, there is a strong tendency for countries to go along to get along, to accommodate, to avoid trouble, to hope that compliance will buy safety.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Well, it won&#8217;t.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>So, what are our options?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>In 1978, the Czech dissident V\u00e1clav Havel, later president, wrote an essay called\u00a0<i>The Power of the Powerless<\/i>, and in it, he asked a simple question: how did the communist system sustain itself?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>And his answer began with a greengrocer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Every morning, this shopkeeper places a sign in his window: \u2018Workers of the world unite\u2019. He doesn&#8217;t believe it, no-one does, but he places a sign anyway to avoid trouble, to signal compliance, to get along. And because every shopkeeper on every street does the same, the system persist \u2013 not through violence alone, but through the participation of ordinary people in rituals they privately know to be false.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Havel called this \u201cliving within a lie\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>The system&#8217;s power comes not from its truth, but from everyone&#8217;s willingness to perform as if it were true, and its fragility comes from the same source. When even one person stops performing, when the greengrocer removes his sign, the illusion begins to crack. Friends, it is time for companies and countries to take their signs down.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>For decades, countries like Canada prospered under what we called the rules-based international order. We joined its institutions, we praised its principles, we benefited from its predictability. And because of that, we could pursue values-based foreign policies under its protection.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>We knew the story of the international rules-based order was partially false that the strongest would exempt themselves when convenient, that trade rules were enforced asymmetrically. And we knew that international law applied with varying rigour depending on the identity of the accused or the victim.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>This fiction was useful, and American hegemony, in particular, helped provide public goods, open sea lanes, a stable financial system, collective security and support for frameworks for resolving disputes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>So, we placed the sign in the window. We participated in the rituals, and we largely avoided calling out the gaps between rhetoric and reality.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>This bargain no longer works. Let me be direct. We are in the midst of a rupture, not a transition.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Over the past two decades, a series of crises in finance, health, energy and geopolitics have laid bare the risks of extreme global integration. But more recently, great powers have begun using economic integration as weapons, tariffs as leverage, financial infrastructure as coercion, supply chains as vulnerabilities to be exploited.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>You cannot live within the lie of mutual benefit through integration, when integration becomes the source of your subordination.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>The multilateral institutions on which the middle powers have relied \u2013 the WTO, the UN, the COP \u2013 the architecture, the very architecture of collective problem solving are under threat. And as a result, many countries are drawing the same conclusions that they must develop greater strategic autonomy, in energy, food, critical minerals, in finance and supply chains.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>And this impulse is understandable. A country that can&#8217;t feed itself, fuel itself or defend itself, has few options. When the rules no longer protect you, you must protect yourself.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>But let&#8217;s be clear eyed about where this leads.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>A world of fortresses will be poorer, more fragile and less sustainable. And there is another truth. If great powers abandon even the pretense of rules and values for the unhindered pursuit of their power and interests, the gains from transactionalism will become harder to replicate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Hegemons cannot continually monetize their relationships.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Allies will diversify to hedge against uncertainty.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>They&#8217;ll buy insurance, increase options in order to rebuild sovereignty \u2013 sovereignty that was once grounded in rules, but will increasingly be anchored in the ability to withstand pressure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>This room knows this is classic risk management. Risk management comes at a price, but that cost of strategic autonomy, of sovereignty can also be shared.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Collective investments in resilience are cheaper than everyone building their own fortresses. Shared standards reduce fragmentations. Complementarities are positive sum. And the question for middle powers like Canada is not whether to adapt to the new reality \u2013 we must. The question is whether we adapt by simply building higher walls, or whether we can do something more ambitious.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Now Canada was amongst the first to hear the wake-up call, leading us to fundamentally shift our strategic posture.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Canadians know that our old comfortable assumptions that our geography and alliance memberships automatically conferred prosperity and security \u2013 that assumption is no longer valid. And our new approach rests on what Alexander Stubb, the President of Finland, has termed \u201cvalue-based realism\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Or, to put another way, we aim to be both principled and pragmatic \u2013 principled in our commitment to fundamental values, sovereignty, territorial integrity, the prohibition of the use of force, except when consistent with the UN Charter, and respect for human rights, and pragmatic and recognizing that progress is often incremental, that interests diverge, that not every partner will share all of our values.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>So, we&#8217;re engaging broadly, strategically with open eyes. We actively take on the world as it is, not wait around for a world we wish to be.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>We are calibrating our relationships, so their depth reflects our values, and we&#8217;re prioritizing broad engagement to maximize our influence, given and given the fluidity of the world at the moment, the risks that this poses and the stakes for what comes next.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>And we are no longer just relying on the strength of our values, but also the value of our strength.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>We are building that strength at home.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Since my government took office, we have cut taxes on incomes, on capital gains and business investment. We have removed all federal barriers to interprovincial trade. We are fast tracking a trillion dollars of investments in energy, AI, critical minerals, new trade corridors and beyond. We&#8217;re doubling our defence spending by the end of this decade, and we&#8217;re doing so in ways that build our domestic industries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>And we are rapidly diversifying abroad. We have agreed a comprehensive strategic partnership with the EU, including joining SAFE, the European defence procurement arrangements. We have signed 12 other trade and security deals on four continents in six months. The past few days, we&#8217;ve concluded new strategic partnerships with China and Qatar. We&#8217;re negotiating free trade pacts with India, ASEAN, Thailand, Philippines and Mercosur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>We&#8217;re doing something else. To help solve global problems, we&#8217;re pursuing variable geometry, in other words, different coalitions for different issues based on common values and interests. So, on Ukraine, we&#8217;re a core member of the Coalition of the Willing and one of the largest per capita contributors to its defence and security.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>On Arctic sovereignty, we stand firmly with Greenland and Denmark, and fully support their unique right to determine Greenland&#8217;s future.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Our commitment to NATO&#8217;s Article 5 is unwavering, so we&#8217;re working with our NATO allies, including the Nordic Baltic Gate, to further secure the alliance&#8217;s northern and western flanks, including through Canada&#8217;s unprecedented investments in over-the-horizon radar, in submarines, in aircraft and boots on the ground, boots on the ice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Canada strongly opposes tariffs over Greenland and calls for focused talks to achieve our shared objectives of security and prosperity in the Arctic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>On plurilateral trade, we&#8217;re championing efforts to build a bridge between the Trans Pacific Partnership and the European Union, which would create a new trading bloc of 1.5 billion people. On critical minerals, we&#8217;re forming buyers\u2019 clubs anchored in the G7 so the world can diversify away from concentrated supply. And on AI, we&#8217;re cooperating with like-minded democracies to ensure that we won&#8217;t ultimately be forced to choose between hegemons and hyper-scalers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>This is not naive multilateralism, nor is it relying on their institutions. It&#8217;s building coalitions that work \u2013 issues by issue, with partners who share enough common ground to act together.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>In some cases, this will be the vast majority of nations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>What it&#8217;s doing is creating a dense web of connections across trade, investment, culture, on which we can draw for future challenges and opportunities.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Argue, the middle powers must act together, because if we&#8217;re not at the table, we&#8217;re on the menu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>But I&#8217;d also say that great powers, great powers can afford for now to go it alone. They have the market size, the military capacity and the leverage to dictate terms. Middle powers do not.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>But when we only negotiate bilaterally with a hegemon, we negotiate from weakness. We accept what&#8217;s offered. We compete with each other to be the most accommodating.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>This is not sovereignty. It&#8217;s the performance of sovereignty while accepting subordination. In a world of great power rivalry, the countries in between have a choice \u2013 compete with each other for favour, or to combine to create a third path with impact.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>We shouldn&#8217;t allow the rise of hard power to blind us to the fact that the power of legitimacy, integrity and rules will remain strong, if we choose to wield them together \u2013 which brings me back to Havel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>What does it mean for middle powers to live the truth?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>First, it means naming reality. Stop invoking rules-based international order as though it still functions as advertised. Call it what it is \u2013 a system of intensifying great power rivalry, where the most powerful pursue their interests, using economic integration as coercion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>It means acting consistently, applying the same standards to allies and rivals. When middle powers criticize economic intimidation from one direction, but stay silent when it comes from another, we are keeping the sign in the window.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>It means building what we claim to believe in, rather than waiting for the old order to be restored. It means creating institutions and agreements that function as described. And it means reducing the leverage that enables coercion \u2013 that&#8217;s building a strong domestic economy. It should be every government&#8217;s immediate priority.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>And diversification internationally is not just economic prudence, it&#8217;s a material foundation for honest foreign policy, because countries earn the right to principled stands by reducing their vulnerability to retaliation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>So Canada. Canada has what the world wants. We are an energy superpower. We hold vast reserves of critical minerals. We have the most educated population in the world. Our pension funds are amongst the world&#8217;s largest and most sophisticated investors. In other words, we have capital, talent\u2026 we also have a government with immense fiscal capacity to act decisively. And we have the values to which many others aspire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>Canada is a pluralistic society that works. Our public square is loud, diverse and free. Canadians remain committed to sustainability. We are a stable and reliable partner in a world that is anything but.. A partner that builds and values relationships for the long term.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>And we have something else. We have a recognition of what&#8217;s happening and a determination to act accordingly. We understand that this rupture calls for more than adaptation. It calls for honesty about the world as it is.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>We are taking the sign out of the window. We know the old order is not coming back. We shouldn&#8217;t mourn it. Nostalgia is not a strategy, but we believe that from the fracture, we can build something bigger, better, stronger, more just. This is the task of the middle powers, the countries that have the most to lose from a world of fortresses and most to gain from genuine cooperation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>The powerful have their power.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>But we have something too \u2013 the capacity to stop pretending, to name reality, to build our strength at home and to act together.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wef-zw4tnc\">\n<p>That is Canada&#8217;s path. We choose it openly and confidently, and it is a path wide open to any country willing to take it with us.<\/p>\n<p>Thank you very much.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u603b\u7406\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u5361\u5c3c\u4eca\u5929\uff081\u670820\u65e5\uff09\u5728\u745e\u58eb\u8fbe\u6c83\u65af\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u6177\u6168\u6fc0\u6602\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u201c\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6199,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","category-light"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6198","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6198"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6198\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6202,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6198\/revisions\/6202"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6198"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6198"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6198"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}