{"id":6216,"date":"2026-01-27T09:44:10","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T14:44:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=6216"},"modified":"2026-01-27T09:46:01","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T14:46:01","slug":"%e5%ae%8b%e6%b0%b8%e6%af%85%ef%bc%9a%e5%a6%82%e6%9e%9c%e6%b2%a1%e6%9c%89%e6%af%9b%e6%b3%bd%e4%b8%9c%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%98%af%e5%90%a6%e4%bc%9a%e5%8f%91%e7%94%9f%e6%96%87%e9%9d%a9%e5%91%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=6216","title":{"rendered":"\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6587\u9769\u5462\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55 Boston Review of Books<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
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Jan 20, 2026<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a2026\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7206\u53d160\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u7ed3\u675f50\u5468\u5e74\u3002\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u4e66\u8bc4\u4e3a\u6b64\u4f1a\u63a8\u51fa\u7cfb\u5217\u4e13\u9898\uff0c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8fd9\u573a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u6d69\u52ab\u3002\u6b64\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u7279\u7a3f\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u63d0\u53ca\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u201d\u6587\u9769\u201d\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u5206\u6821\u8363\u4f11\u6559\u6388\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u7ed5\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u81ea1998\u5e74\u81f32016\u5e74\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u5148\u540e\u4e3b\u7f16\u4e86\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff081966-1976\uff09\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53cd\u53f3\u8fd0\u52a8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb-\u5927\u9965\u8352\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\uff1a\u4ece\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u5230\u516c\u79c1\u5408\u8425\uff081949-1956\uff09\uff09\u300b\u7b49\u4e94\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u884c\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5b8c\u6210\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u300b\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d69\u5927\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u9ea6\u514b\u6cd5\u5938\u5c14\uff08\u9a6c\u82e5\u5fb7\uff0cRoderick MacFarquhar\uff09\u6559\u6388\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e3a\u201c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u77f3\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6574\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6b20\u4e0b\u4e86\u5b8b\u6559\u6388\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u4e00\u4efd\u6c89\u7538\u7538\u7684\u611f\u8c22\u4e4b\u60c5\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5750\u7262\uff1a\u4ece\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u5e38\u7b11\u8a00\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u4e3a\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u5750\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u7262\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bb6\u5ead\u51fa\u8eab\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u7236\u4eb2\u53bb\u4e16\u5bb6\u9053\u4e2d\u843d\uff0c\u5374\u4f9d\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u52a0\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7406\u60f3\u662f\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5766\u514b\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5bfc\u5f39\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e2d\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u7684\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\uff0c\u542c\u7269\u7406\u8001\u5e08\u8bf4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5766\u514b\u98de\u673a\u6bd4\u82cf\u8054\u843d\u540e\u3001\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

1966\u5e748\u6708\u6587\u9769\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7528\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5199\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u90a3\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u8bda\u5fc3\u8bda\u610f\u62e5\u62a4\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u201c\u70ae\u6253\u5f20\u6625\u6865\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e5f\u5377\u5165\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u6b21\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

1967\u5e741\u6708\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u9020\u53cd\u6d3e\u5f20\u6625\u6865\u3001\u59da\u6587\u5143\u593a\u53d6\u4e86\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5404\u7ea7\u673a\u5173\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c2\u67085\u65e5\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u201d\uff0c23\u65e5\u53c8\u6539\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9769\u547d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u9020\u53cd\u6d3e\u593a\u6743\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u57281967\u5e741\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u70ae\u6253\u5f20\u6625\u6865\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\uff0c\u8d34\u51fa\u5927\u5b57\u62a5\u548c\u6807\u8bed\u5bf9\u5f20\u6625\u6865\u8868\u793a\u6000\u7591\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u7ecf\u5386\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6000\u7591\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u8bf4\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6210\u7acb\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53c8\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u201c\u516c\u793e\u201d\uff0c\u5012\u9000\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u9769\u547d\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u201d\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u53cd\u800c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e71\uff1f\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfb\u627e\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u53bb\u627e\u9a6c\u6069\u9009\u96c6\u3001\u5217\u5b81\u9009\u96c6\u770b\uff0c\u548c\u53ea\u6709\u9ad8\u5e72\u5b50\u5f1f\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u7684\u9ec4\u76ae\u4e66\u3001\u7070\u76ae\u4e66\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u300a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u5174\u4ea1\u300b\u201c\u7ed9\u6211\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u975e\u5e38\u6df1\u523b,\u4f7f\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u641e\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u5168\u5c31\u662f\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u641e\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\uff0c\u8206\u8bba\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u94b3\u5236\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6d17\u8111\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\uff0c\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u5c31\u662f\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u51b2\u950b\u961f\uff0c\u7f57\u59c6\u7684\u51b2\u950b\u961f\u3002\u201c<\/p>\n

1968\u5e744\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u201c\u70ae\u6253\u5f20\u6625\u6865\u201d\uff0c\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u5b57\u62a5\u300a\u63ea\u51fa\u5927\u53db\u5f92\u5f20\u6625\u6865\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u9488\u5bf9\u5f20\u6625\u6865\u7684\u5927\u5b57\u62a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u5b57\u62a5\u4e3b\u8981\u8d28\u7591\u5f20\u6625\u6865\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u51e0\u4f4d\u540c\u5b66\u6bcf\u4e24\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u5728\u4ed6\u5bb6\u91cc\u805a\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u52a8\u8a00\u8bba\u3002\u8c01\u77e5\uff0c\u57281970\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u6253\u4e09\u53cd\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u91cc\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u5b66\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u88ab\u4e3e\u62a5\u6293\u5230\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\uff0c\u5c31\u5168\u90e8\u4ea4\u4ee3\uff0c\u201c\u4ea4\u4ee3\u5f97\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u79bb\u8c31\u554a\u3002\u600e\u4e48\u79bb\u8c31\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u7adf\u7136\u8bf4\u6211\u8bf4\u8fc7\u8981\u628a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u5934\u6458\u4e0b\u6765\u5f53\u7bee\u7403\u6253\u3002\u4f60\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\uff01\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u83ab\u987b\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\uff0c\u9694\u79bb\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u62bc\u5c31\u662f\u4e94\u5e74\u534a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7a81\u7136\u4e4b\u95f4\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\u9633\u5149\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u62bc\u5728\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u5e73\u7c73\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u91cc\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u60f3\u5230\u8fc7\u81ea\u6740\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u7edd\u98df\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u56db\u5377\u3001\u9a6c\u6069\u9009\u96c6\u56db\u5377\u4ee5\u53ca\u5217\u5b81\u9009\u96c6\u4e00\u5377\u7b49\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e66\u770b\u3002\u201c\u6211\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u56db\u5377\uff0c\u6211\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bfb\u4e00\u767e\u904d\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e5f\u8bfb\u4e86\u516d\u3001\u4e03\u5341\u904d\u3002\u6211\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u90fd\u7528\u624b\u7eb8\u7f16\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5927\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u201d\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e94\u5e74\u534a\u7f81\u62bc\u5728\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6587\u9769\u548c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u62a5\u7eb8\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u65f6\u770b\u6bdb\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u70b9\u8ba4\u8bc6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4ece\u4e0d\u6297\u65e5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u6269\u5927\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e89\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ece\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6307\u793a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f97\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u53ea\u61c2\u5f97\u7834\u574f\u3002\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e2a\u6e56\u5357\u8fd0\u52a8\u8003\u5bdf\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u641e\u4eba\u3001\u600e\u4e48\u7834\u574f\u7b49\u7b49\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u628a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u4e66\u548c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u4e66\u5bf9\u7167\u770b\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u89c9\u5f97\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u80e1\u5439\u4ed6\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0d\u61c2\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u61c2\u600e\u4e48\u641e\u6743\u672f\u7b49\u3002\u201d\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u6210\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5750\u7262\uff1a\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5e2e\u6211\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n

1976\u5e74\uff0c\u5ba1\u67e5\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u67e5\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c1977\u53c2\u52a0\u9ad8\u8003\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u4e0a\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\uff0c\u5374\u56e0\u6863\u6848\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u88ab\u5f55\u53d6\uff0c\u8f6c\u5165\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u6587\u7cfb\u3002 1989\u5e74\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\uff0c1992\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u7f57\u62c9\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u6ce2\u5fb7\u5206\u6821\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u6587\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\uff1b1995\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u5e03\u9c81\u660e\u987f\u5206\u6821\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e0e\u8d44\u8baf\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7855\u58eb\u3002\u73b0\u4efb\u52a0\u5dde\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u5206\u6821\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6765\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u53d1\u73b0\u6587\u9769\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u582a\u79f0\u201c\u663e\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u53f2\u6599\u9519\u8bef\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u51b3\u5b9a\u505a\u6587\u9769\u53f2\u6599\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ece1998\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u4ea4\u6d41\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e0e\u90ed\u5efa\u3001\u4e01\u6292\u3001\u5468\u539f\u3001\u5468\u6cfd\u6d69\u548c\u6c88\u5fd7\u4f73\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u300b\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6536\u96c6\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

1999\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\u6536\u96c6\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u8d44\u6599\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5173\u4ee5\u975e\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5bc6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5411\u5883\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u8baf\u201d\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u5173\u62bc\u534a\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u4f4d\u6b27\u7f8e\u3001\u6fb3\u6d32\u5b66\u8005\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u91ca\u653e\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u3002\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u5b54\u6770\u8363\uff08Jerome Alan Cohen\uff09\u62c5\u4efb\u4ed6\u7684\u7f8e\u65b9\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f8b\u5e08\u3002 2000\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u88ab\u65e0\u7f6a\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u53d1\u4e0d\u53ef\u6536\u62fe\uff0c\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86\u6587\u9769\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u63a5\u7740\u505a\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u5927\u9965\u8352\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u53c8\u505a\u571f\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d69\u5927\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5de5\u7a0b\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u300b\u57282014\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u624d\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u7cfb\u5217\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u5171\u7ea640,000\u4efd\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u732e, \u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u4ebf\u4e24\u5343\u4e07\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u66f8\u8a55 Boston Review of Books Jan 20, 2026 \u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a2026 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6217,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","category-light"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6216","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6216"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6216\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6221,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6216\/revisions\/6221"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6217"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}