{"id":793,"date":"2023-01-14T19:49:43","date_gmt":"2023-01-15T00:49:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=793"},"modified":"2023-01-14T20:02:28","modified_gmt":"2023-01-15T01:02:28","slug":"%e5%ae%aa%e6%b3%95%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e6%9c%89%e5%a5%96%e5%be%81%e6%96%87%e4%b8%80%e7%ad%89%e5%a5%96-%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%81%e6%af%85%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=793","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u5baa\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u5956\u5f81\u6587\u201d\u4e00\u7b49\u5956 \uff08\u4e01\u6bc5\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6765\u7a3f \uff08\u4e01\u6bc5\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u5baa\u653f\u7684\u5de9\u56fa<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 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style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u5b66\u754c\u5e7f\u53d7\u597d\u8bc4\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u7c7b\u578b\u5c1a\u672a\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u6982\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u9996\u63a8\u5fb7\u56fd\u5f0f\u6539\u8fdb\u578b\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9c\u91c7\u7528\u4e24\u5cb8\u90a6\u8054\u5236\u3001\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u6c49\u8bed\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u6b8a\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u5219\u9996\u63a8\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\uff0c\u8f85\u4ee5\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u5236\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u505a\u51fa\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u63d0\u51fa\u6539\u8fdb\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1\u3000\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\uff1a\u9996\u63a8\u5fb7\u56fd\u5f0f\u6539\u8fdb\u578b\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\uff0c\u517c\u8ff0\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.1\u3000\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\u8fa8\u6790<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5728\u6709\u6210\u6587\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u90fd\u7531\u5baa\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u3001\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u5185\u9601\u5236\uff09\u548c\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u53cc\u9996\u957f\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u603b\u7406\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u603b\u7edf\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u201d<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.32hioqz\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce81]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u548c\u7ee9\u6548\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u56db\u5206\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.1.1\u3000\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff1a\u517c\u5177\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\u548c\u884c\u653f\u9996\u8111\u53cc\u91cd\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u4e0d\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4ece\u90e8\u95e8\u4eba\u4e8b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5206\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u5728\u6743\u529b\u5f52\u5c5e\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u7acb\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e25\u683c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u6709\u6743\u5426\u51b3\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u5f97\u7968\u8fc7\u534a\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ca2\/3\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6848\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u884c\u653f\u9996\u8111\u4eab\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u3002\u5df4\u897f\u7b49\u56fd\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u751a\u81f3\u5141\u8bb8\u603b\u7edf\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u8bae\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u7acb\u6cd5\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.1.2\u3000\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\uff1a\u884c\u653f\u9886\u5bfc\u673a\u6784\uff08\u4fd7\u79f0\u5185\u9601\uff09\u4ece\u8bae\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u6388\u6743\u5e76\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u884c\u653f\u9996\u8111\uff08\u4e0b\u6587\u7edf\u79f0\u603b\u7406\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\u63d0\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u7531\u8bae\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\u4efb\u547d\u6216\u83b7\u5f97\u8bae\u4f1a\u4fe1\u4efb\u6295\u7968\uff08\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u6848\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5012\u9601\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5143\u9996\u5219\u662f\u793c\u4eea\u6027\u7684\u865a\u541b\u6216\u865a\u4f4d\u603b\u7edf\u3002\u5357\u975e\u7b49\u5c11\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6301\u884c\u653f\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u7531\u8bae\u4f1a\u4efb\u514d\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u6001\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bae\u4f1a\u8bbe\u6709\u4e24\u9662\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u7531\u66f4\u5177\u4eba\u53e3\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u8005\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\uff0c\u901a\u79f0\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0b\u9662\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\u5185\u9601\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u95ee\u8d23\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u5728\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5185\u9601\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7686\u6307\u4e0b\u9662\uff0c\u5728\u62bd\u8c61\u5206\u6790\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u8bae\u9662\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5185\u9601\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u603b\u7406\u548c\u9601\u5458\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u8bae\u5458\u517c\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u6743\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5206\u7acb\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u653f\u5e9c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4e09\u6743\u5206\u7acb\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u90fd\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u884c\u653f\u9886\u5bfc\u673a\u6784\u5b9e\u884c\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\uff08\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u7ade\u9009\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u9009\u533a\u9700\u8981\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7ec4\u7ec7\u52a8\u5458\uff09<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.1hmsyys\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce82]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5373\u4f7f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4eba\u4e8b\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5206\u7acb\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u515a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u6d41\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u653f\u515a\u5360\u636e\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\u5e2d\u4f4d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5373\u53d1\u751f\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u7684\u5408\u6d41\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u6570\u515a\u6216\u591a\u6570\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u5185\u9601\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u7684\u5206\u7acb\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u52a0\u5f3a\uff1a\u67d0\u4e9b\u653f\u515a\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u53e6\u5916\u653f\u515a\u7684\u603b\u7406\u4eba\u9009\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u529f\u7ec4\u9601\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u52a0\u5165\u5185\u9601\uff08\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u62c5\u5fc3\u5165\u9601\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u9009\u60c5\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u62ff\u8d5e\u6210\u7968\u505a\u653f\u6cbb\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6362\u53d6\u5df1\u65b9\u529b\u4e3b\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\uff09\uff1b\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u5fb7\u56fd\u751a\u81f3\u5141\u8bb8\u8bae\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8fc7\u534a\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u7968\u9009\u51fa\u603b\u7406\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u4e25\u683c\u5206\u7acb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5206\u7acb\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.1.3\u3000\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u4e4b\u201c\u603b\u7406\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\uff0c\u5176\u522b\u79f0\u201c\u53cc\u9996\u957f\u5236\u201d\u5219\u53ef\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u603b\u7406\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u6743\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u6388\u6743\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u9009\u6c11\u76f4\u9009\uff09\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.41mghml\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce83]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u603b\u7406\u5b70\u8f7b\u5b70\u91cd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u7ec6\u8282\u548c\u5baa\u653f\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\u603b\u7406\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u8981\u5bf9\u603b\u7edf\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5982\u679c\u603b\u7406\u53ea\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u3001\u4e0d\u5bf9\u603b\u7edf\u8d1f\u8d23\uff08\u5373\u603b\u7edf\u65e0\u6743\u7f62\u514d\u603b\u7406\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u515a\u5206\u5e03\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u591f\u51b3\u5b9a\u884c\u653f\u6743\u5728\u653f\u515a\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u628a\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u603b\u7406\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6709\u6570\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8f83\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6362\u8f68\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u653f\u515a\u6216\u8054\u76df\u5360\u636e\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u8bae\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u5c31\u4eab\u6709\u884c\u653f\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u542c\u547d\u4e8e\u603b\u7edf\uff1b\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u8d62\u5f97\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5219\u7531\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u9886\u8896\u51fa\u4efb\u603b\u7406\u5e76\u6267\u638c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u884c\u653f\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u4fdd\u6709\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u56fd\u9632\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6743\u529b <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.2grqrue\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce84]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u865a\u4f4d\u603b\u7edf\u76f8\u5dee\u65e0\u51e0\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u4e3b\u6301\u884c\u653f\uff0c\u5404\u515a\u515a\u9b41\u4f9d\u7167\u5baa\u653f\u60ef\u4f8b\u7ade\u9010\u603b\u7406\u804c\u4f4d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u603b\u7edf\u804c\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.1.4\u3000\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u4e4b\u201c\u603b\u7edf\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u201d\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u4e0e\u201c\u603b\u7406\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u201d\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u603b\u7406\u7531\u603b\u7edf\u4efb\u547d\u540e\u65e2\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u53c8\u5bf9\u603b\u7edf\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u5012\u9601\u6743\u4e0e\u603b\u7edf\u5bf9\u603b\u7406\u7684\u7f62\u514d\u6743\u662f\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6b64\u5236\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u90fd\u5f62\u540c\u865a\u8bbe\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8bae\u4f1a\u6709\u600e\u6837\u7684\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u90fd\u638c\u63e1\u884c\u653f\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\uff0c\u5176\u6743\u529b\u4e4b\u81a8\u80c0\u5f80\u5f80\u8d85\u8fc7\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.vx1227\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce85]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c\u603b\u7406\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u201d\u548c\u201c\u603b\u7edf\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5b66\u672f\u5316\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u3001\u540e\u8005\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u63a5\u8fd1\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u201d\u548c\u201c\u63a5\u8fd1\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.2\u3000\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e09\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u6210\u679c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u7ee9\u6548\u548c\u653f\u4f53\u5bff\u547d\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.2.1\u3000\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u7ee9\u6548\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u5317\u6b27\u5b66\u80052018\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u5398\u6e05\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff1a\u56db\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u653f\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8868\u73b0\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u8868\u73b0\u300b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.3fwokq0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce86]<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u524d\u8ff0\u56db\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u603b\u8ba1173\u4e2a\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u534a\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4fc4\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5141\u8bb8\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ade\u9009\u7684\u201c\u9009\u4e3e\u5f0f\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u201d\uff09\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u4f5c\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u65bd\u653f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u548c\u63a5\u8fd1\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u4e0d\u76f8\u4f2f\u4ef2\uff0c\u90fd\u4f18\u4e8e\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u63a5\u8fd1\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7a33\u5c45\u672b\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u4f53\u5bff\u547d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u76f4\u5230\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6ce2\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u201d\u65b9\u624d\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u5b9e\u8df5\u5219\u60a0\u4e45\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5b9c\u628a\u5168\u90e8\u7c7b\u578b\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u5206\u4e3a\u6709\u53ef\u6bd4\u6027\u7684\u4e24\u7ec4\uff1a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u591a\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u8868\u660e\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u4e5f\u8d85\u8fc7\u63a5\u8fd1\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.1v1yuxt\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce87]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u67f4\u5df4\u5e03\uff08J. A. Cheibub\uff092007\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u3001\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.4f1mdlm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce88]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u4e00\u4e66\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u4e94\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u6bb5\u5185\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u9884\u671f\u5bff\u547d\u6bd4\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u957f\u4e00\u500d\u591a\uff08\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f15\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4efd\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4f5c\u8005\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ece\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u4e4b\u5916\u5bfb\u627e\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u6613\u4e8e\u5d29\u574f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7531\u4e8e\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u5404\u81ea\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u548c\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u5bf9\u653f\u4f53\u67b6\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e3b\u8981\u56f4\u7ed5\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.2.2\u3000\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u5371\u5c40\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u6797\u8328\uff08J. J. Linz\uff091990\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u5371\u9669\u300b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.2u6wntf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce89]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u6765\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u70ed\u6f6e\u3002\u6797\u8328\u4e3b\u8981\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u5bf9\u5baa\u653f\u5b58\u4ea1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\u52a0\u5927\u4e86\u5baa\u653f\u5d29\u574f\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u5371\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5404\u6709\u5404\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u653f\u89c1\u76f8\u5de6\u65f6\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u8ba9\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\uff082\uff09\u603b\u7edf\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u671f\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u4e8e\u653f\u7b56\u5206\u6b67\u800c\u7f62\u514d\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u65f7\u65e5\u6301\u4e45\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u50f5\u5c40\uff08\u4ea6\u5373\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u5177\u6709\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u201c\u50f5\u786c\u6027\u201d\uff09\u5e76\u52a0\u5267\u653f\u6cbb\u6781\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u90a3\u6837\u5177\u6709\u5012\u9601\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5371\u673a\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u4f53\u5371\u673a\u3002\uff083\uff09\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u201c\u8d62\u8005\u901a\u5403\u201d\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d62\u5bb6\u7684\u96f6\u548c\u8d5b\u5c40\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u8868\u8fbe\u653f\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u90a3\u6837\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u8de8\u515a\u6d3e\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u52a0\u4ee5\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u4efb\u671f\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u5982\u679c\u5931\u53bb\u8010\u5fc3\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bc9\u8bf8\u5baa\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\u5916\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u884c\u52a8\u3002\uff084\uff09\u603b\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u5177\u6709\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u6c11\u610f\u6388\u6743\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u6709\u631f\u6c11\u610f\u4ee5\u81ea\u91cd\u8fdb\u800c\u6743\u529b\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff08\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ec5\u51ed\u4e0d\u8fc7\u534a\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u7968\u5f53\u9009\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d70\u5411\u72ec\u88c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4ece\u8bf4\u7406\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6797\u8328\u7684\u5206\u6790\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u591a\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u662f\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u67f4\u5df4\u5e03\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u3001\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6797\u8328\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u56fa\u7136\u9002\u7528\u4e8e1973\u5e74\u667a\u5229\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u53d8\u7b49\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u6570\u6848\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u519b\u4eba\u5e72\u653f\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u4e0d\u4f46\u653f\u53d8\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\u5bf9\u540e\u6765\u8005\u6784\u6210\u8bf1\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u519b\u4eba\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4b\u540e\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u5927\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u53d8\u4f20\u7edf\u8fd9\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u4e0e\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u5373\u4e0d\u76f8\u4e0a\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u65e0\u61c8\u53ef\u51fb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u6548\u679c\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a9\u76d6\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u4e3a\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u53d8\u4f20\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u77ed\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u89e3\u91ca\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u5b9a\u6797\u8328\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5371\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u8fd0\u4f5c\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ee9\u6548\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u53d8\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u6797\u8328\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u653f\u6cbb\u7ee9\u6548\u2014\u2014\u603b\u7edf\u4e0e\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u65bd\u653f\u8868\u73b0\uff08\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u63a7\u5236\u8bae\u4f1a\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u523b\u610f\u635f\u5bb3\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u653f\u7ee9\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u8d62\u5f97\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\uff09\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u5219\u5f71\u54cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u51b5\u4e14\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u751f\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u53d8\uff0c\u54ea\u4e2a\u519b\u5934\u4e0d\u62ff\u51fa\u6c11\u9009\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e0d\u4f73\u8868\u73b0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u53d8\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u6837\u677f\u4e1a\u5df2\u9eef\u7136\u3002\u66fe\u51e0\u4f55\u65f6\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d3e\u90fd\u51fa\u4e8e\u76f4\u89c9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u6548\u4eff\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c2020\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5371\u5c40\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5272\u88c2\u65b9\u624d\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u53cd\u601d\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u504f\u597d\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8bc4\u8bba\u754c\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e5f\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u8eab\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6797\u8328\u201c\u5531\u8870\u201d\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u65f6\u5c1a\u4e14\u628a\u7f8e\u56fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b66\u754c\u4eab\u6709\u6cf0\u6597\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u963f\u514b\u66fc\uff08B. Ackerman\uff09\u5c31\u5728\u300a\u65b0\u5206\u6743\u300b\u8bba\u6587 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.19c6y18\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce810]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u4e2d\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u6797\u8328\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5e76\u628a\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u706b\u529b\u6307\u5411\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u4ecb\u201c\u53d7\u8282\u5236\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u201d\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\uff09\u3002\u963f\u514b\u66fc2010\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u8870\u4ea1\u300b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.3tbugp1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce811]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u4e00\u4e66\u66f4\u662f\u4e3a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u524d\u666f\u6572\u54cd\u4e86\u8b66\u949f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u6781\u7aef\u4eba\u7269\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u201c\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u201d\u5f02\u519b\u7a81\u8d77\u6210\u4e3a\u603b\u7edf\u540e\u5229\u7528\u5a92\u4f53\u717d\u52a8\u6c11\u4f17\u3001\u60ef\u4e8e\u53d1\u5e03\u4e0e\u8bae\u4f1a\u6388\u6743\u76f8\u62b5\u89e6\u7684\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u52a8\u8f84\u52a8\u7528\u7d27\u6025\u6743\u529b\u7b49\u56fe\u666f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u5371\u8a00\u8038\u542c\u4e4b\u5acc\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u8ba9\u65f6\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u607c\u6012\uff09\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5462\uff1f\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u524d\u666f\u7684\u5fe7\u8651\u548c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u663e\u5b66\uff0c\u6539\u884c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u547c\u58f0\u4e5f\u660e\u663e\u589e\u591a\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u798f\u5c71\u57282014\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u8870\u8d25\u300b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.28h4qwu\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce812]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u5728\u8d70\u5411\u8870\u8d25\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u884c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u628a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u6539\u52a8\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 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400;\">1.2.3\u3000\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\uff1a\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u4e0e\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u9488\u950b\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5dee\u5f02\u5982\u679c\u8d70\u5411\u6781\u7aef\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u8d1f\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0e\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u4efb\u671f\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u53d1\u52a8\u5012\u9601\uff0c\u6267\u653f\u515a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5206\u6b67\u3001\u7528\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f53\u7684\u8fde\u5e26\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u603b\u7406\u4e0b\u53f0\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u7b2c\u56db\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u66fe\u9677\u5165\u9891\u7e41\u5012\u9601\u7684\u4f4e\u6548\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u7b2c\u4e94\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6539\u884c\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span 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style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u653f\u5e9c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u8fc7\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8d70\u5411\u53cd\u9762\u3002\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u603b\u7406\u7684\u8fde\u4efb\u6b21\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u89c6\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5baa\u653f\u5c1a\u672a\u5de9\u56fa\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u65e0\u9650\u8fde\u4efb\u3001\u8d70\u5411\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5308\u7259\u5229\u6b27\u5c14\u73ed\u3002\u5357\u975e\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u603b\u7edf\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u603b\u7406\uff09\u4efb\u671f\u4e94\u5e74\u3001\u6700\u591a\u8fde\u4efb\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u521d\u671f\u5b9e\u5c5e\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5982\u679c\u62d4\u9ad8\u5230\u201c\u8bae\u4f1a\u81f3\u4e0a\u201d\u4ea6\u5c5e\u8fc7\u5f53\u3002\u201c\u8bae\u4f1a\u81f3\u4e0a\u201d\u5728\u504f\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6ee5\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5c31\u7ed3\u51fa\u4e86\u6076\u679c\uff0c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u73b0\u6267\u653f\u515a\u51ed\u501f53%\u7684\u9009\u7968\u593a\u5f972\/3\u8bae\u5e2d\u540e\u5728\u4e0d\u7ecf\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u754c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u534f\u5546\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f3a\u884c\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5199\u5165\u5df1\u515a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u201c\u8bae\u4f1a\u81f3\u4e0a\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u666e\u904d\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u589e\u4fee\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d85\u7ea7\u591a\u6570\u6279\u51c6\u540e\u8bc9\u8bf8\u5168\u6c11\u516c\u51b3\uff08\u6709\u7684\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u516c\u51b3\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u591a\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u8981\u6c42\u4e24\u5c4a\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u591a\u6570\uff08\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e24\u6b21\u6295\u7968\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u9009\uff0c\u8ba9\u9009\u6c11\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5baa\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u8868\u6001\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u603b\u89c8\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u96be\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f3a\u70b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u5373\u5185\u9601\u7531\u8bae\u4f1a\u6388\u6743\u5e76\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\uff09\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6b63\u6216\u5f25\u8865\u3002\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u515a\u6d3e\u5360\u636e\u603b\u7edf\u804c\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u5373\u603b\u7edf\u4e0e\u8bae\u4f1a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u6388\u6743\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u6700\u6709\u529b\u5ea6\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u524d\u666f\uff1a\u4e24\u4f4d\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u80052022\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff1a\u884c\u653f\u9996\u8111\u9009\u62e9\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u9009\u4e3e\u5f0f\u5a01\u6743\u5236\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u300b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.nmf14n\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce813]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u7edf\u8ba1\u4e86\u8fd1\u767e\u4e2a\u9009\u4e3e\u5f0f\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\uff08\u6307\u7684\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ade\u9009\u4f46\u6301\u7eed\u906d\u5230\u6253\u538b\u3001\u9009\u4e3e\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f46\u88ab\u5f53\u5c40\u64cd\u63a7\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u6b64\u7c7b\u653f\u4f53\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u884c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u8eaf\u58f3\u5219\u6bd4\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u66f4\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u5404\u6d3e\u7cbe\u82f1\u5171\u4eab\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5f53\u5c40\u501f\u52a9\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u64cd\u63a7\u9009\u4e3e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d3e\u4eba\u7269\u4e00\u4e3e\u80dc\u9009\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u65e9\u5df2\u6709\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u798f\u5c71\u57282005\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u6b65\u4f10 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.37m2jsg\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce814]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff08\u53ef\u662f\uff0c2016\u5e74\u7b14\u8005\u5229\u7528\u798f\u5c71\u5728\u4e00\u573a\u6f14\u8bb2\u540e\u4e0e\u542c\u4f17\u4e92\u52a8\u95ee\u7b54\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5f53\u9762\u95ee\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u798f\u5c71\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u5426\u5b9a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u3001\u63a8\u5d07\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\uff09\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9009\u4e3e\u5f0f\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u8d70\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c06\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u4e4b\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u95f4\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u80fd\u591f\u8d77\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fc7\u6e21\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u9009\u4e3e\u5f0f\u5a01\u6743\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u9009\u4e3e\u5f0f\u5a01\u6743\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u542c\u6211\u4eec\u8052\u566a\u7684\uff01\u5018\u82e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u8fd0\u4e0d\u6d4e\uff0c\u91c7\u884c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u4f46\u9010\u6e10\u6ca6\u4e3a\u9009\u4e3e\u5f0f\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u6c11\u9009\u603b\u7edf\u201d\u7684\u6b8a\u8363\u5728\u6709\u957f\u671f\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u4e13\u5236\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5a01\u6743\u4eba\u7269\u52bf\u5fc5\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\u529b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u571f\u8033\u5176\u57c3\u5c14\u591a\u5b89\uff09<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.1mrcu09\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce815]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u9700\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u529b\u8350\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff08\u6216\u63a5\u8fd1\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff09\u5c31\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5f0f\u6539\u8fdb\u578b\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u4e0d\u5931\u4e3a\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.2.4\u3000\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u5fe7\u8651\uff1a\u63a5\u8fd1\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u603b\u7edf\u7518\u5c45\u865a\u4f4d\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u6309\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u60ef\u4f8b\uff08\u4ec5\u89c1\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5371\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\u7ee9\u6548\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u73b0\u884c\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u6070\u6070\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b64\u5236 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.46r0co2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce816]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002\u5728\u7b14\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u53ef\u5708\u53ef\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6539\u884c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u6216\u63a5\u8fd1\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u9526\u4e0a\u6dfb\u82b1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5bf9\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u9887\u6709\u5fae\u8bcd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u5c1a\u4e14\u6709\u4eba\u63a8\u8350\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u65e0\u4eba\u63a8\u8350\u63a5\u8fd1\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u63a5\u8fd1\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7ee9\u6548\u4e0d\u9519\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b64\u5236\u5065\u5eb7\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u603b\u7edf\u5c0a\u91cd\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u53ea\u8981\u8d62\u5f97\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\u5e2d\u4f4d\u5c31\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u884c\u653f\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u9009\u603b\u7edf\u80fd\u5426\u505a\u5230\uff1f\u5373\u4f7f\u5baa\u6cd5\u5212\u5f52\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u521d\u671f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5baa\u653f\u60ef\u4f8b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u5927\u515a\u515a\u9b41\u51fa\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u80fd\u900f\u8fc7\u653f\u515a\u6269\u5927\u5b9e\u6743\uff1f\u8981\u60f3\u8ba9\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u884c\u5f97\u901a\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5fc5\u987b\u786c\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u5c31\u804c\u524d\u82e5\u5e72\u5e74\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u804c\u671f\u95f4\u4e0d\u5f97\u5177\u6709\u653f\u515a\u515a\u7c4d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\u4e5f\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u603b\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u6269\u6743\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u9009\u6c11\u9009\u51fa\u7684\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u5c06\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u9009\u7968\u6700\u591a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5bf9\u63a5\u8fd1\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\u6301\u4fdd\u7559\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u89c6\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6b21\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.3\u3000\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u6218\u540e\u8df5\u884c\u4e03\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u578b\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6548\u6cd5\u7684\u6837\u677f\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u8651\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u65b9\u6848\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u963f\u514b\u66fc\u5728\u300a\u65b0\u5206\u6743\u300b\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u53d7\u8282\u5236\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u201d\u4e43\u662f\u4ece\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u4ee3\u8bae\u5236\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c4\u7acb\u6cd5\u8f68\u9053\uff08\u8bae\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7acb\u6cd5\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\u589e\u4fee\uff09\u9700\u8981\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5e94\u5f53\u8981\u6c42\u95f4\u9694\u6570\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u5168\u6c11\u516c\u51b3\u624d\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u77ed\u89c6\u548c\u64cd\u63a7 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.2lwamvv\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce817]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e24\u9662\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u963f\u514b\u66fc\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0a\u9662\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5e94\u5f53\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e0b\u9662\uff08\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ea6\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u90a3\u6837\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e24\u9662\u6743\u529b\u57fa\u672c\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u4e3a\u6570\u6781\u5c11\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90e8\u95e8\u5206\u6743\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0e\u672c\u6587\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u662f\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u627f\u62c5\u76d1\u7763\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u201c\u5ec9\u80fd\u90e8\u95e8\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u6b64\u9488\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u963f\u514b\u66fc\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u505a\u51fa\u53d1\u6325\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.3.1\u3000\u201c\u534f\u5546\u6027\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7acb\u6cd5\u8f68\u9053\u201d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u4e3e\u884c\u5168\u6c11\u516c\u51b3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u96be\u5ea6\u5f88\u5927\u3001\u8017\u8d44\u5de8\u4e07\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u52a0\u5267\u793e\u4f1a\u5272\u88c2\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u83f2\u4ec0\u91d1\uff08J. S. Fishkin\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u534f\u5546\u6027\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u201d\u5ba1\u8bae\u5f0f\u6c11\u4e3b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u516c\u4f17\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u6837\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u5546\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u540e\u7684\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u65b9\u6848 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.111kx3o\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce818]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u968f\u673a\u91c7\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6837\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5730\u57df\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5f00\u4f1a\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u53bf\u7ea7\u884c\u653f\u533a\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5206\u533a\u4e3e\u884c\u534f\u5546\u5ba1\u8bae\uff08\u4eba\u53e3\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u591a\u5ba1\u8bae\u533a\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u5728\u6b64\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba1\u8bae\u533a\u9009\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u515a\u7c4d\u7684\u53ec\u96c6\u4eba\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5ba1\u8bae\u91cd\u5927\u8bae\u9898\u65f6\u5728\u5404\u533a\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u9009\u6c11\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u201c\u5ba1\u8bae\u5458\u201d\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f00\u4f1a\uff08\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5ead\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\uff09<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.3l18frh\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce819]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002\u53ec\u96c6\u4eba\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u804c\uff0c\u4efb\u5185\u9664\u4e86\u4e3b\u6301\u5ba1\u8bae\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u804c\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u5ba1\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u95e8\u69db\u5fc5\u987b\u8f83\u9ad8\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5168\u56fd3\/4\u7684\u53ec\u96c6\u4eba\u8054\u7f72\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u201c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7acb\u6cd5\u8f68\u9053\u201d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u9891 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.206ipza\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce820]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002\u5ba1\u8bae\u7ed3\u679c\u4f3c\u5e94\u8981\u6c42\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u591a\u6570\uff08\u5baa\u6cd5\u8bae\u9898\u9700\u8981\u8d85\u7ea7\u591a\u6570\uff09\u624d\u7b97\u901a\u8fc7\uff1a\u4ee5\u5ba1\u8bae\u533a\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff08\u7167\u987e\u4e86\u5730\u5e7f\u4eba\u7a00\u7684\u5730\u57df\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6309\u9009\u6c11\u603b\u6570\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6362\u7b97\uff08\u5ba1\u8bae\u5458\u8d5e\u6210\u4e0e\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u7968\u6570\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u8be5\u533a\u6ce8\u518c\u9009\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u7167\u987e\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u7a20\u5bc6\u7684\u5730\u57df\uff09\u3002\u963f\u514b\u66fc\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u8bae\u9898\u8fde\u7eed\u516c\u51b3\u901a\u8fc7\u624d\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e5f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u4f4e\u800c\u6613\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.3.2\u3000\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u653f\u5c40\u4e0d\u7a33\u65f6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u5fb7\u56fd\u5f0f\u6539\u8fdb\u578b\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u900f\u8fc7\u201c\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u5012\u9601\u201d\u548c\u653f\u515a\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u95e8\u69db\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u5f0f\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u653f\u5c40\u4ecd\u7136\u8d8b\u4e8e\u4e0d\u7a33\uff0c\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u80fd\u5426\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u4fc3\u8fdb\u653f\u5c40\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5462\uff1f\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u603b\u7edf\u804c\u4f4d\u4e0a\u5bfb\u627e\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u653f\u5c40\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u865a\u4f4d\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u5c40\u4e0d\u7a33\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u7a33\u5b9a\u653f\u5c40\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6539\u8fdb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u603b\u7406\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u5426\u51b3\u6743\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u201c\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u5185\u9601\u201d\u7684\u603b\u7406\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u96be\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u4ee5\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u540c\u610f\u4e3a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u603b\u7406\u628a\u6cd5\u6848\u6253\u56de\u8bae\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u8bae\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7968\u6570\u95e8\u69db\u65b9\u53ef\u518d\u5ea6\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5de6\u53f3\u6447\u6446\u7684\u5c0f\u515a\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u6709\u201c\u9020\u738b\u8005\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u5408\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u65bd\u52a0\u653f\u6cbb\u52d2\u7d22\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6267\u653f\u8054\u76df\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u515a\u4ee5\u5728\u5185\u9601\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u66f4\u5927\u4efd\u91cf\u6216\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u4e3a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u4e0e\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u7ed3\u76df\uff09\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u904f\u5236\u201c\u9020\u738b\u8005\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u7ed9\u201c\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u5012\u9601\u201d\u52a0\u4e0a\u603b\u7edf\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u653f\u5c40\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u603b\u7406\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u64c5\u6743\u4e71\u653f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8ba9\u201c\u65e0\u4e3a\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u603b\u7edf\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u671f\u5f85\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u4efb\u804c\u8d44\u683c\u548c\u9009\u4e3e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u614e\u91cd\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u603b\u7edf\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u975e\u653f\u515a\u5316\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u7981\u6b62\u66fe\u4efb\u603b\u7406\u8005\u53c2\u9009\u603b\u7edf\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u9694\u65ad\u603b\u7edf\u4e0e\u9009\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8ba9\u603b\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u80a9\u8d1f\u7740\u51e0\u4ebf\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u91cd\u6258\u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u534f\u5546\u6027\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u201d\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u5ba1\u8bae\u533a\u7684\u53ec\u96c6\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u987a\u4fbf\u517c\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u9009\u4e3e\u4eba\uff08\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u79d8\u5bc6\u6295\u7968\u9009\u51fa\u603b\u7edf\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u4e0e\u5ba1\u8bae\u533a\u53ec\u96c6\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u6700\u597d\u9519\u5f00\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5e76\u7981\u6b62\u53ec\u96c6\u4eba\u516c\u5f00\u652f\u6301\u4efb\u4f55\u603b\u7edf\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u603b\u7edf\u4eba\u9009\u5f71\u54cd\u53ec\u96c6\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.3.3\u3000\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0a\u9662\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u804c\u80fd\uff1a\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u5185\u9601\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u81f4\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\uff08\u5373\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u653f\u515a\u63a7\u5236\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u8bae\u4f1a\u5bf9\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u3002\u963f\u514b\u66fc\u6307\u51fa\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0a\u9662\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5e94\u5f53\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u5ec9\u80fd\u90e8\u95e8\u201d\u627f\u62c5\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u3002\u53ef\u5426\u8003\u8651\u4e8c\u8005\u5408\u4e00\uff0c\u5373\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0a\u9662\u627f\u62c5\u76d1\u7763\u804c\u80fd\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u57df\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0a\u9662\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u901a\u4f8b\u3002\u4e0a\u9662\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4eba\u53e3\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u5730\u57df\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u516c\uff0c\u8fc7\u5c0f\u5219\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u5730\u57df\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0a\u9662\u5bf9\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u804c\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u5f31\u5316\u7684\u8865\u507f\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u53ef\u884c\u3002\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0a\u9662\u53ef\u7531\u5404\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u884c\u975e\u653f\u515a\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u3002\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u4fdd\u969c\u673a\u5173\u4ea6\u53ef\u9644\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0a\u9662\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u6b64\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2\u3000\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e24\u5cb8\u90a6\u8054\u5236\u3001\u5927\u9646\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u6c49\u8bed\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u6b8a\u4fdd\u969c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.1\u3000\u4e24\u5cb8\u90a6\u8054<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6d77\u5ce1\u4e24\u5cb8\u5206\u6cbb\u4e03\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u6c11\u65e9\u5df2\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u7edf\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u4e3e\u884c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u6c11\u8fdb\u515a\u8bf4\u53f0\u6e7e\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u6765\u72ec\u201d\u7edd\u975e\u5984\u8a00\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u4ee5\u540e\u5373\u4f7f\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5927\u9646\u4eba\u51fa\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\u800c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e24\u5cb8\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u53f0\u6e7e\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u4e0e\u5426\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u5927\u9646\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u5c1a\u672a\u5de9\u56fa\u4e4b\u65f6\u4e0d\u5b9c\u6025\u4e8e\u5217\u5165\u65e5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u5cb8\u5b8c\u5168\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u653f\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6298\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u4e24\u5cb8\u7ed3\u4e3a\u90a6\u8054\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u90a6\u8054\u6761\u7ea6\u786e\u4fdd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u56fd\u9632\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u5bf9\u5927\u9646\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e43\u81f3\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u5012\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u5cb8\u90a6\u8054\u8ba9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5b89\u5fc3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53f0\u6e7e\u4ee5\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u821e\u53f0\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u83b7\u5f97\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff09\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0d\u81f4\u5728\u5927\u9646\u62db\u81f4\u5de8\u5927\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bbe\u60f3\u5bf9\u53f0\u6e7e\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u597d\u8fc7\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u53f0\u6e7e\u653f\u6743\u7684\u56fd\u53f7\u95ee\u9898\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u71c3\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u521d\u671f\u7a81\u7136\u51b3\u5b9a\u201c\u6b63\u540d\u201d\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u8bb8\u591a\u7eff\u8425\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u8d28\u610f\u4e49\u6050\u6015\u66f4\u591a\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5f71\u54cd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u5de9\u56fa\uff08\u53cd\u5baa\u653f\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u52bf\u5fc5\u717d\u52a8\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u72c2\u6f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u652b\u593a\u6743\u529b\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u53ca\u4e24\u5cb8\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u2014\u2014\u5927\u9646\u4e00\u65e6\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u201c\u6b63\u540d\u201d\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6ed1\u5411\u519b\u4e8b\u72ec\u88c1\u751a\u81f3\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u5316\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u80fd\u5426\u4fdd\u6301\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u5b9e\u672a\u53ef\u77e5\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u201c\u6b63\u540d\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u5e94\u5f53\u6401\u7f6e\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6c11\u4e3b\u5baa\u653f\u5728\u5927\u9646\u4e1a\u5df2\u5de9\u56fa\u518d\u4e0e\u7edf\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u8d77\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u51fa\u4e8e\u540c\u6837\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u5185\u90e8\u4e00\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u8bc9\u6c42\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u957f\u671f\u6401\u7f6e\u3002\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5c0a\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u81ea\u6cbb\u201d\u5219\u662f\u5f53\u52a1\u4e4b\u6025\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.2\u3000\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7acb\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u501f\u52a9\u7acb\u6cd5\u9014\u5f84\u635f\u5bb3\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u5927\u9646\u5404\u7701\u4e43\u81f3\u5404\u53bf\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u5e94\u5f53\u7531\u5baa\u6cd5\u6761\u6587\u63d0\u4f9b\u660e\u786e\u800c\u5207\u5b9e\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff08\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u5ba3\u793a\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5217\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u529b\u5212\u5f52\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u5728\u5b66\u7406\u4e0a\u5373\u53ef\u79f0\u4f5c\u8054\u90a6\u5236 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.4k668n3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce821]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5baa\u6cd5\u91cc\u662f\u5426\u660e\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u8054\u90a6\u201d\u4e4b\u79f0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.2.1\u3000\u201c\u540d\u6b63\u201d\u672a\u5fc5\u201c\u8a00\u987a\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u8054\u90a6\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u800c\u8a00\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u8054\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u552f\u6050\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b65\u82cf\u8054\u3001\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7684\u540e\u5c18\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u6c47\u7eaf\u5c5e\u7f8e\u5f0f\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u610f\u8bd1\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u671b\u6587\u751f\u4e49\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u8054\u90a6\u201d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u201c\u90a6\u56fd\u7684\u8054\u5408\u201d\uff0c\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\u7f8e\u5f0f\u8054\u90a6\u5e76\u975e\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5404\u7701\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u8054\u90a6\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0cfederal\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u8bcd\u6e90\u4ec5\u6307\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6210\u5458\u5177\u6709\u201c\u90a6\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u540d\u5206\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u4efb\u51ed\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d3e\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u82e6\u53e3\u5a46\u5fc3\u89e3\u91ca\u6c11\u4e3b\u8054\u90a6\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e9\u5df2\u89e3\u4f53\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8054\u90a6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u53d7\u4f17\u51fa\u4e8e\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u76f4\u89c9\u800c\u542c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e0d\u8981\u5947\u602a\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u843d\u5b9e\u4e86\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f55\u5fc5\u5f3a\u6c42\u201c\u8054\u90a6\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\u5462\uff1f\u5370\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8054\u90a6\u4e4b\u540d\u800c\u6709\u8054\u90a6\u4e4b\u5b9e\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.2.2\u3000\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u7b14\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf\u805a\u5c45\u533a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff08\u6c11\u56fd\u521d\u5e74\u56f4\u7ed5\u7701\u6743\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u6301\u7eed\u591a\u5e74\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u519b\u9600\u5272\u636e\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\uff1b\u5177\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u7684\u662f\u7701\u4efd\u5212\u5206\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u7701\u4efd\u7eaf\u5c5e\u4e13\u5236\u738b\u671d\u4e0d\u987e\u5730\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5730\u7406\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u65b9\u8a00\u800c\u786c\u751f\u751f\u5212\u51fa\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7701\u5185\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u524a\u5f31\u5176\u51dd\u805a\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u4e89\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u521d\u671f\u5c31\u6025\u4e8e\u91cd\u65b0\u5212\u5206\u7701\u4efd\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u53d8\u5c40\u589e\u6dfb\u7eb7\u6270\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5e26\u6765\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7701\u4efd\u5212\u5206\u95ee\u9898\u5e94\u5f53\u957f\u671f\u6401\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u65cf\u7fa4\u5408\u4f5c\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u5e94\u5f53\u5177\u6709\u5f02\u8d28\u6027 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.2zbgiuw\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce822]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f20\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f97\u5230\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u6709\u7701\u4efd\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\u78e8\u5408\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u5fc5\u91cd\u65b0\u5212\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.3\u3000\u975e\u6c49\u8bed\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u6b8a\u4fdd\u969c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5173\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u805a\u5c45\u533a\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5b66\u7406\u4e0a\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u90a3\u6837\u5404\u5dde\u5b8c\u5168\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e76\u975e\u552f\u4e00\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u4f8b\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u7531\u4e8e\u65cf\u88d4\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7701\u4efd\u800c\u4eab\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u7279\u6743\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u5e94\u5f53\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u8bae\u5e2d\u6570\u91cf\u4ea6\u53ef\u8fdc\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5176\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e13\u5c5e\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7c97\u758f\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u8bb8\u591a\u7701\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6709\u81ea\u6cbb\u5dde\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u53bf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e94\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u9664\u4e86\u897f\u85cf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u4e5f\u90fd\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e00\u5200\u5207\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4fdd\u969c\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u56e0\u5730\u5236\u5b9c\uff08\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u81ea\u6cbb\u5dde\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u53bf\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53c8\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6401\u7f6e\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u521d\u671f\u62ff\u51fa\u5207\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u4f46\u5bf9\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0d\u516c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5371\u53ca\u5baa\u653f\u7684\u5de9\u56fa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5982\u4f55\u56e0\u5730\u5236\u5b9c\uff1f\u5c31\u4fdd\u62a4\u5f31\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5f3a\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6700\u5f31\u52bf\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u719f\u8c19\u6c49\u8bed\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u901a\u6653\u6c49\u8bed\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6700\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u4e43\u81f3\u81ea\u6cbb\u5dde\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u53bf\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u5404\u4e2a\u805a\u5c45\u533a\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u505a\u51fa\u7504\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u975e\u6c49\u8bed\u6c11\u65cf\u805a\u5c45\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u6b8a\u4fdd\u969c\uff1f\u82ac\u5170\u7684\u5965\u5170\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff08\u539f\u4f4f\u5c45\u6c11\u4e3a\u745e\u5178\u65cf\u3001\u901a\u884c\u745e\u5178\u8bed\uff09\u4ee5\u901a\u6653\u5f53\u5730\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u7f6e\u4ea7\u7684\u6761\u4ef6 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.1egqt2p\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce823]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u503c\u5f97\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u5728\u901a\u884c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5c45\u6c11\u4e0d\u901a\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u805a\u5c45\u533a\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u505a\u51fa\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u957f\u671f\u5b9a\u5c45\u3001\u8d2d\u7f6e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u8005\u901a\u6653\u5f53\u5730\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5965\u5170\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u5730\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u516c\u6587\u8054\u7cfb\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u5730\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u6572\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u82ac\u5170\u5883\u5185\u901a\u884c\u745e\u5178\u8bed\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e00\u5904\uff0c\u552f\u72ec\u5965\u5170\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7531\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u4eab\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u6781\u5f3a\u3001\u6709\u8f83\u4e3a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u8fb9\u754c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fdc\u79bb\u6c49\u8bed\u533a\u57df\u7684\u975e\u6c49\u8bed\u6c11\u65cf\u805a\u5c45\u533a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u8f96\u5883\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u6548\u6cd5\u5965\u5170\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u6c49\u8bed\u6c11\u65cf\u805a\u5c45\u533a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56db\u5ddd\u7684\u85cf\u533a\uff09\u5e94\u5f53\u83b7\u5f97\u4ee5\u901a\u6653\u5f53\u5730\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u7f6e\u4ea7\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6b8a\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4f46\u6c49\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u8bed\u8a00\u5e76\u5217\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u5fc5\u4fee\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u987a\u4fbf\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u65b9\u8a00\u201d\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b66\u4e60\u6c49\u5b57\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u4e0e\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u540c\u7b49\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u627f\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u901a\u884c\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4fdd\u969c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5728\u6b64\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3\u3000\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\uff1a\u9996\u63a8\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236 + \u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u5236<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6c11\u610f\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u4e3a\u51e0\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u9009\u533a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3001\u6295\u7968\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u7968\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u9009\u533a\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8bae\u5e2d\u6570\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u6846\u67b6\u4e00\u822c\u89c1\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6295\u7968\u8ba1\u7968\u591a\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3.1\u3000\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u9009\u4e3e\u91c7\u7528\u5355\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u5236\uff08\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u533a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bae\u5e2d\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9009\u533a\u91c7\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u51b3\u80dc\u5236\uff0c\u5f97\u7968\u6700\u9ad8\u8005\u4e0d\u9700\u8fc7\u534a\u5373\u53ef\u80dc\u51fa\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u5355\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u7684\u80dc\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u7edd\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u7968\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e24\u8f6e\u6295\u7968\u5236\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u6295\u7968\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u4eba\u8fc7\u534a\uff0c\u6392\u540d\u524d\u4e24\u4f4d\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e3e\u884c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u6295\u7968\u51b3\u80dc\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6570\u5dde\u5219\u91c7\u7528\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u5236\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u7ed9\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u8ba1\u7968\u6309\u6bcf\u4e00\u5f20\u9009\u7968\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u4eba\u8fc7\u534a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f97\u7968\u6700\u5c11\u8005\u51fa\u5c40\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u83b7\u9009\u7968\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u8ba1\u7968\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u80dc\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u8fc7\u534a\u9009\u7968\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u79cd\u6295\u7968\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6548\u679c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u5236\u53ef\u8c13\u6700\u4f73\u3002\u6b64\u5236\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5bf9\u8d1f\u9762\u9009\u4e3e\u6709\u6240\u904f\u5236\u2014\u2014\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u5927\u8086\u653b\u51fb\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u4e27\u5931\u88ab\u540e\u8005\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u76d8\u5217\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6076\u6597\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u6536\u655b\u3002\u8d1f\u9762\u9009\u4e3e\u5e76\u975e\u6d2a\u6c34\u731b\u517d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u521d\u671f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u904f\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u9009\u4e3e\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u5f88\u591a\u9009\u6c11\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ea7\u751f\u5e7b\u706d\u611f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5012\u5411\u53cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u5baa\u653f\u906d\u9047\u5b58\u4ea1\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u65f6\u6210\u4e3a\u51b7\u6f20\u7684\u770b\u5ba2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u5236\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4f18\u70b9\u7684\u6295\u7968\u65b9\u5f0f\u53eb\u505a\u8ba4\u53ef\u6295\u7968\u5236\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u540c\u610f\u6295\u7968\u5236\uff09\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9009\u7968\u4e0a\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u8868\u793a\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8ba4\u53ef\u7968\u6570\u6700\u591a\u8005\u80dc\u9009\u3002\u6b64\u5236\u76ee\u524d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b66\u754c\u9887\u53d7\u597d\u8bc4 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.3ygebqi\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce824]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u5bf9\u9009\u6c11\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u6295\u7968\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80dc\u8005\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u6295\u7ed9\u80dc\u8005\u7684\u9009\u7968\u5728\u6548\u679c\u4e0a\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5e9f\u7968\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5927\u515a\uff08\u5728\u82f1\u7f8e\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u515a\u5236\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u653f\u515a\u5927\u90fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u9009\u6c11\u5206\u6563\u5316\u800c\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9009\u533a\u6beb\u65e0\u80dc\u51fa\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u5047\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u5927\u515a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u533a\u90fd\u5f97\u523051%\u7684\u9009\u7968\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u56ca\u62ec\u5168\u90e8\u8bae\u5e2d\uff1b\u5018\u82e5\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u8fc7\u534a\u9009\u7968\u3001\u53ea\u4f9d\u9760\u76f8\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u7968\u51b3\u80dc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u626d\u66f2\u6548\u5e94\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u5267\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u83b1\u7d22\u6258\u6267\u653f\u515a\u57281998\u5e74\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5927\u7ea660%\u7684\u9009\u7968\u8d62\u5f9780\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u4e2d\u768479\u5e2d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5c0f\u515a\u8bc9\u8bf8\u8857\u5934\u66b4\u529b\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6781\u7aef\u4f46\u662f\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5c4a\u7684\u591a\u6570\u515a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u8fc7\u534a\u9009\u7968\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8981\u60f3\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u51fa\u5355\u4e00\u80dc\u8005\u7684\u7aa0\u81fc\u3002\u897f\u6b27\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u76db\u884c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u6216\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8bae\u5e2d <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.2dlolyb\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce825]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u91c7\u7528\u591a\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u533a\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7701\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u533a\u3001\u5927\u81f4\u6309\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5206\u914d\u5404\u7701\u7684\u8bae\u5e2d\uff0c\u6700\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5219\u662f\u5168\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u9009\u533a\uff09\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u533a\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8bae\u5e2d\u4e0e\u5176\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u5927\u81f4\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u7684\u6700\u901a\u884c\u4e5f\u6700\u6613\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6295\u7968\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u653f\u515a\u540d\u5355\u6295\u7968\u5236 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.sqyw64\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce826]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u533a\u7684\u53c2\u9009\u653f\u515a\u63a8\u51fa\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u628a\u9009\u7968\u6295\u7ed9\u653f\u515a\u7684\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u8ba1\u7968\u65f6\u6839\u636e\u653f\u515a\u5f97\u7968\u6bd4\u4f8b\u628a\u8bae\u5e2d\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5404\u515a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.3cqmetx\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce827]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u518d\u6309\u7167\u540d\u5355\u4e0a\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u987a\u5e8f\u586b\u5145\u8bae\u5e2d\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u653f\u515a\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u95e8\u69db\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u653f\u515a\u540d\u5355\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u516c\u5e73\u6027\uff08\u6392\u65a5\u8d85\u5c0f\u578b\u653f\u515a\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u653f\u5c40\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u4ecd\u7136\u8fdc\u8fdc\u80dc\u8fc7\u5355\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u642d\u914d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u8bc6\u5c31\u662f\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u914d\u4ee5\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u642d\u914d\u7684\u62c9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u8868\u660e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u6240\u4fc3\u6210\u7684\u591a\u515a\u5236\u8bae\u4f1a\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u5065\u5eb7\u8fd0\u8f6c <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.1rvwp1q\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce828]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u5b9e\u884c\u603b\u7edf\u5236\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u6700\u597d\u91c7\u7528\u5355\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u5236\u3002\u4ece\u603b\u7edf\u5230\u8bae\u4f1a\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u201c\u8d62\u8005\u901a\u5403\u201d\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u96be\u514d\u5bfc\u81f4\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u758f\u79bb\u611f\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5baa\u653f\u7684\u5de9\u56fa\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u521d\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u4eba\u6c11\u6811\u7acb\u8d77\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u904f\u5236\u53cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u8fdb\u5165\u8bae\u4f1a\u751a\u81f3\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u9601\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u80dc\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u7684\u5355\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u5236\uff0c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u6240\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u515a\u201c\u5171\u8bc6\u51b3\u201d<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.4bvk7pj\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce829]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u80dc\u8fc7\u5355\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5927\u515a\u201c\u591a\u6570\u51b3\u201d\uff08\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff0c\u5355\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\u515a\u6240\u83b7\u9009\u7968\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u8fc7\u534a\uff01\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u6070\u6070\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u9002\u5b9c\u91c7\u884c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3.2\u3000\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u51b3\u5b9a\u5185\u9601\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0b\u9662\u5b9c\u5b9e\u884c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5355\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u4eba\u53e3\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u9009\u6c11\u8fc7\u591a\uff08\u5047\u5b9a\u589e\u8bbe300\u4e2a\u5355\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\uff0c\u6bcf\u533a\u5e73\u5747\u4eba\u53e3\u5c06\u8d85\u8fc7400\u4e07\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u90fd\u52bf\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u7b79\u96c6\u5de8\u989d\u7ade\u9009\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u6fb3\u95e8\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5916\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5355\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0b\u9662\u9009\u4e3e\u5e94\u5f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u591a\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u5e76\u5b9e\u884c\u653f\u515a\u540d\u5355\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\uff0c\u7531\u653f\u515a\u6c47\u96c6\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u62fc\u653f\u7eb2\uff0c\u6652\u56e2\u961f\u3002\u5728\u5fc5\u987b\u9009\u51fa\u5355\u4e00\u80dc\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u53bf\u5e02\u957f\u9009\u4e3e\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u91c7\u7528\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u5236\u6216\u8ba4\u53ef\u6295\u7968\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u521d\u671f\u7684\u653f\u515a\u751f\u6001\u5fc5\u7136\u8f83\u4e3a\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u5c0f\u515a\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u51e0\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u65f6\u96be\u514d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5c0f\u515a\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u8fdb\u5165\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u95e8\u69db\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u515a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u603b\u6570\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u603b\u7684\u5e9f\u7968\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5baa\u653f\u7684\u5de9\u56fa\u3002\u964d\u4f4e\u95e8\u69db\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bae\u4f1a\u91cc\u5c0f\u515a\u6797\u7acb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u653f\u5c40\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4e24\u5168\u5176\u7f8e\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5462\uff1f\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6c49\u65cf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\u96be\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u5730\u57df\u6027\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5730\u57df\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u662f\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u5f97\u5230\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u53e3\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u5730\u57df\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u57df\u5f62\u6210\u538b\u5236\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u3002\u80fd\u5426\u5728\u5141\u8bb8\u5730\u57df\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u904f\u5236\u5730\u57df\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6076\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u90fd\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3.2.1\u3000\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u653f\u515a\u540d\u5355\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\uff1a\u4e24\u79cd\u8f83\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c0f\u515a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.2r0uhxc\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce830]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002\u5728\u653f\u515a\u540d\u5355\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u5728\u9009\u7968\u4e0a\u7ed9\u653f\u515a\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u7b2c\u4e00\u9009\u62e9\u7968\u6570\u6700\u4f4e\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u95e8\u69db\u7684\u5c0f\u515a\u51fa\u5c40\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u83b7\u9009\u7968\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u8ba1\u7968\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u515a\u90fd\u8d8a\u8fc7\u95e8\u69db\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u9009\u6c11\u653e\u5fc3\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u9009\u62e9\u53cd\u6620\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u653f\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u5907\u9009\u62e9\u786e\u4fdd\u9009\u7968\u4e0d\u81f4\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u4e00\u63fd\u5b50\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5e9f\u7968\uff08\u96be\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff09\u548c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5f03\u4fdd\u6548\u5e94\u201d\uff08\u5373\u56e0\u4e3a\u62c5\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5019\u9009\u8005\u65e0\u671b\u80dc\u51fa\u800c\u8fdd\u5fc3\u6295\u7968\u7ed9\u8d62\u9762\u8f83\u5927\u8005\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u9644\u5e26\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5404\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6b63\u9762\u7ade\u9009\u3001\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u5df1\u653f\u7eb2\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u8086\u8d1f\u9762\u7ade\u9009\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u653b\u51fb\u3002\uff082\uff09\u653f\u515a\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u540e\u5907\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u515a\u6e10\u884c\u6e10\u8fd1\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u6c34\u5230\u6e20\u6210\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002\u9009\u6c11\u900f\u8fc7\u9009\u7968\u4fc3\u6210\u7684\u653f\u515a\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u6bd4\u653f\u515a\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e92\u52a8\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6574\u5408\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u7a33\u56fa\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\uff083\uff09\u8fc7\u5173\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u8bae\u5e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u653f\u515a\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u5927\u515a\u7ec4\u6210\u8054\u76df\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u540e\u5907\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4e3a\u653f\u515a\u8054\u76df\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3.2.2\u3000\u201c\u7968\u6c60\u201d\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u4ee5\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u57df\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u76d8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u635f\u5bb3\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u57df\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u5168\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u884c\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u56e0\u4e3a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u201c\u8d62\u8005\u901a\u5403\u201d\u6027\u8d28\u800c\u5c24\u5176\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u5bf9\u6b64\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u88ab\u5b66\u754c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7968\u6c60\u201d\u673a\u5236 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.1664s55\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce831]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u603b\u7edf\u5f53\u9009\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8d85\u8fc72\/3\u7684\u5dde\u83b7\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc725%\u7684\u9009\u7968\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5373\u4f7f\u603b\u7968\u6570\u6700\u9ad8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u80dc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bae\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\u603b\u7406\u4eba\u9009\u7684\u6295\u7968\uff08\u6309\u8bae\u5458\u6240\u5c5e\u9009\u533a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7968\u6c60\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u603b\u7406\u96be\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u9009\u533a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u8ba1\u7968\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5f15\u5165\u7968\u6c60\u66f4\u4e3a\u59a5\u5f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0b\u9662\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u8bae\u5e2d\uff0c\u9009\u7968\u5206\u4e3a\u7701\u7ea7\u9009\u533a\u548c\u5168\u56fd\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.3q5sasy\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce832]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u7167\u987e\u5730\u57df\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u9009\u533a\u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u7968\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u9f13\u52b1\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u6c47\u603b\u8ba1\u7968\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u5f97\u7968\u90fd\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u515a\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u7701\u7ea7\u9009\u533a\u6240\u83b7\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u7968\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u7a0b\u5ea6\u505a\u51fa\u4e0b\u8c03\u3002\u4e0d\u5747\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u501f\u52a9\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u57fa\u5c3c\u7cfb\u6570\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u4eec\u672a\u5fc5\u77e5\u9053\u57fa\u5c3c\u7cfb\u6570\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u6570\u662f\u4e0d\u5747\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6307\u6807\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff0c0\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b8c\u5168\u5747\u5300\uff0c1\u5219\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u3002\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u7968\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u7684\u57fa\u5c3c\u7cfb\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u504f\u533a\u7f5a\u7387\u201d\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u7684\u57fa\u5c3c\u7cfb\u6570\u4e3a0.3\uff0c\u5176\u5168\u56fd\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u5f97\u7968\u603b\u6570\u5c31\u8981\u6263\u966430%\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8d8a\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u5f97\u7968\u4e0b\u8c03\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u8d8a\u80fd\u628a\u652f\u6301\u201c\u6c47\u805a\u4e3a\u6c60\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5168\u56fd\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u8bae\u5e2d\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5426\u5f15\u5165\u7968\u6c60\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u653f\u515a\u4e0e\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u653f\u515a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u5f88\u5c11\u51e0\u4e2a\u9009\u533a\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u76d8\u7684\u653f\u515a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u53c2\u52a0\u5168\u56fd\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u8bae\u5e2d\u9009\u4e3e\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u540d\u5355\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u53f7\u53ec\u652f\u6301\u8005\u628a\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u7968\u6295\u7ed9\u67d0\u4e2a\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u653f\u515a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4\u3000\u7ed3\u8bed<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6b63\u59821990\u5e74\u65e0\u4eba\u9884\u6599\u5230\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u6bd4\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u5f3a\u5927\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u5fd7\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5baa\u653f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u7406\u7531\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u80fd\u5426\u6446\u8131\u4e2d\u5171\u4e13\u5236\u7edf\u6cbb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e50\u89c2\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u540e\u5171\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u62c5\u5fe7\u7684\u6070\u6070\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u671d\u4e00\u65e5\u5f00\u542f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u540e\u80fd\u5426\u5de9\u56fa\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u81f4\u590d\u5f52\u4e13\u5236\u6216\u6ca6\u4e8e\u5f92\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u9009\u4e3e\u4e4b\u8868\u800c\u65e0\u5baa\u653f\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e4b\u5b9e\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5c31\u5baa\u653f\u5de9\u56fa\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7ee9\u6548\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5957\u7528\u4e0a\u4e2d\u4e0b\u7b56\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5fb7\u56fd\u5f0f\u6539\u8fdb\u578b\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u662f\u4e0a\u7b56\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u662f\u4e2d\u7b56\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u662f\u4e0b\u7b56\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u5219\u662f\u4e0b\u4e0b\u7b56\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd8\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4ea6\u987b\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5baa\u653f\u5de9\u56fa\uff0c\u5207\u4e0d\u53ef\u65e0\u89c6\u76db\u884c\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u6f6e <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.25b2l0r\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce833]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u628a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u63a8\u5411\u53cd\u5baa\u653f\u7684\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u5927\u9646\u4e0e\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b9c\u7ed3\u4e3a\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0e\u519b\u4e8b\u534f\u540c\u7684\u90a6\u8054\uff0c\u5927\u9646\u5185\u90e8\u5e94\u5b9e\u884c\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u8054\u90a6\u4e4b\u540d\u800c\u6709\u8054\u90a6\u4e4b\u5b9e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4fdd\u969c\u5b9c\u4ee5\u805a\u5c45\u533a\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u6c49\u8bed\u533a\u57df\u4ee5\u901a\u6653\u5f53\u5730\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u7f6e\u4ea7\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u8c13\u91cd\u4e8e\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u6216\u653f\u515a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u503e\u8f67\u653b\u6b7c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9009\u7968\u6210\u4e3a\u5e9f\u7968\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u52a8\u6447\u5f88\u591a\u9009\u6c11\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u7ed9\u53cd\u5baa\u653f\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u4ee5\u53ef\u4e58\u4e4b\u673a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5baa\u653f\u7684\u5de9\u56fa\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u614e\u4e4b\u53c8\u614e\u3002\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u5e76\u5b9e\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u95e8\u69db\u548c\u8de8\u515a\u6d3e\u8de8\u5730\u57df\u5408\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u653f\u515a\u540d\u5355\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5fc5\u987b\u4ea7\u751f\u5355\u4e00\u80dc\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u91c7\u7528\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u5236\u6216\u8ba4\u53ef\u6295\u7968\u5236\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u501f\u7528\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\uff08J. Rawls\uff09\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u201d<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.kgcv8k\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\u6ce834]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5236\u5baa\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u8fd8\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u3001\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bfb\u6c42\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u4e49\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e94\u5f53\u5c3d\u91cf\u7ed9\u653f\u6cbb\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u4ee5\u53c2\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u4e7e\u7eb2\u72ec\u65ad\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5b58\u7eed\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u653e\u4efb\u5f3a\u52bf\u8005\u5bf9\u5f31\u52bf\u8005\u5168\u9762\u78be\u538b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u65bd\u52a0\u52d2\u7d22\u9020\u6210\u53cd\u5411\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u653f\u6cbb\u788e\u7247\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u548c\u4f4e\u6548\u3002\u5177\u6709\u201c\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u5012\u9601\u201d\u7b49\u7a33\u5b9a\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u578b\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u653f\u515a\u540d\u5355\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u6240\u4fc3\u6210\u7684\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u591a\u515a\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u65e0\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u201d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u548c\u5baa\u653f\u5de9\u56fa\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6781\u5176\u8270\u5de8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u5426\u8d77\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u4e9b\u5fae\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6709\u7406\u7531\u4e3a\u4e4b\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u5171\u52c9\u4e4b\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.30j0zll\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[1]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u53c2\u770bElgie, R. (2020). An Intellectual History of the Concepts of Premier-Presidentialism and President-Parliamentarism. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Studies Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 18(1), 12-29.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.1fob9te\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[2]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u5f53\u4e16\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f88\u5c11\u51e0\u4e2a\u5728\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5c9b\u56fd\u4e0d\u5b9e\u884c\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4eba\u53e3\u6700\u591a\u8005\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5341\u4e07\u4f59\u4eba\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0a\u9662\u662f\u6c11\u9009\u7684\u3001\u975e\u653f\u515a\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u7acb\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bbe\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u975e\u653f\u515a\u7684\u7ec8\u8eab\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u653f\u5c40\u4e0d\u7a33\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u8fc7\u65e0\u515a\u6d3e\u7684\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u5185\u9601\u4ecd\u7136\u8d77\u59cb\u4e8e\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e8e\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u9601\u5458\u6765\u81ea\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5e76\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.3znysh7\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[3]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u97e9\u56fd\u8bbe\u6709\u603b\u7406\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u603b\u7edf\u63d0\u540d\u7684\u603b\u7406\u4eba\u9009\u9700\u8981\u8bae\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u7406\u5c31\u804c\u540e\u53ea\u5bf9\u603b\u7edf\u8d1f\u8d23\u800c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\uff08\u5373\u603b\u7406\u7684\u7f62\u514d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u603b\u7edf\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6027\u8d28\u4e0a\u7c7b\u540c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u7531\u603b\u7edf\u63d0\u540d\u3001\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u6279\u51c6\u4f46\u4e0d\u5bf9\u540e\u8005\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u653f\u52a1\u5b98\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u97e9\u56fd\u603b\u7406\u53ea\u662f\u6267\u884c\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u884c\u653f\u9996\u8111\u5236\u5b9a\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.2et92p0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[4]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u867d\u7136\u6cd5\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u628a\u4efb\u547d\u603b\u7406\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6388\u4e88\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8bae\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u603b\u7406\u5c31\u4efb\u540e\u53ea\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u800c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u603b\u7edf\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u603b\u7edf\u5c0a\u91cd\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u5360\u636e\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4efb\u547d\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u9886\u8896\u51fa\u4efb\u603b\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u5e76\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u8282\u64cd\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u6388\u6743\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u6709\u5173\uff1a\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u4e0e\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u9519\u5f00\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u603b\u7edf\u4efb\u5185\u8bae\u4f1a\u6362\u5c4a\u5e76\u4e14\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u83b7\u5f97\u591a\u6570\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6784\u6210\u5373\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6700\u65b0\u6c11\u610f\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u800c\u4e0e\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u5171\u6cbb\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8bae\u4f1a\u4efb\u5185\u603b\u7edf\u6362\u5c4a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u603b\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u7528\u5176\u4e3b\u52a8\u89e3\u6563\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u63d0\u524d\u4e3e\u884c\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5176\u653f\u515a\u83b7\u5f97\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4e0e\u613f\u8fdd\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u9009\u51fa\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u5360\u591a\u6570\u7684\u65b0\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u603b\u7edf\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e4b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bae\u4f1a\u653f\u515a\u788e\u7247\u5316\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u6570\u515a\u6216\u591a\u6570\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u603b\u7edf\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u547d\u5df1\u515a\u4eba\u58eb\u51fa\u4efb\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u5185\u9601\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.tyjcwt\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[5]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u5212\u5206\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u636e\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u6743\u5f52\u5c5e\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u56db\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u603b\u7edf\u4f18\u8d8a\u201d\uff0c\u4e0e\u6839\u636e\u603b\u7edf\u80fd\u5426\u7f62\u514d\u603b\u7406\u800c\u5212\u5206\u7684\u201c\u603b\u7edf\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u201d\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u91cd\u53e0\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u51c6\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u201c\u603b\u7406\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u201d\u4e4b\u4e2d\u603b\u7edf\u6743\u529b\u5fae\u5f31\u3001\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\u7686\u7531\u603b\u7406\u4e3b\u653f\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u603b\u7edf\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u201d\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u603b\u7edf\u4f18\u8d8a\u201d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\uff08\u5965\u5730\u5229\u548c\u51b0\u5c9b\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u4f9d\u636e\u5baa\u653f\u60ef\u4f8b\u7518\u5c45\u865a\u4f4d\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5728\u6b64\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1Wu, Y.-S. (2011). Clustering of Semi-Presidentialism. In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Semi-Presidentialism and Democracy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (pp. 21-41). London: Palgrave Macmillan\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.3dy6vkm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[6]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Sedelius, T., &amp; Linde, J. (2018). Unravelling semi-presidentialism: democracy and government performance in four distinct regime types. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Democratization<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 25(1), 136-157.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.1t3h5sf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[7]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u653f\u4f53\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8ba8\u8bba\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u4ece\u7565\uff0c\u53c2\u770bElgie, R. (2011). Variation in the Durability of Semi- Presidential Democracies. In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Semi-Presidentialism and Democracy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (pp. 42-60). London: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.4d34og8\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[8]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cheibub, J. A. (2007). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.2s8eyo1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[9]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Linz, J. J. (1990). The perils of presidentialism. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Democracy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 1(1), 51-69.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.17dp8vu\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[10]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ackerman, B. (2000). The new separation of powers. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Harvard Law Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 113(3), 633-729.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.3rdcrjn\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[11]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ackerman, B. (2010). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Decline and Fall of the American Republic<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.26in1rg\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[12]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Fukuyama, F. (2014). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.lnxbz9\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[13]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Higashijima, M., &amp; Kasuya, Y. (2022). The Perils of Parliamentarism: Executive Selection Systems and Democratic Transitions from Electoral Authoritarianism. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studies in Comparative International Development<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 57(2), 198-220.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.35nkun2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[14]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Fukuyama, F., Dressel, B., &amp; Chang, B. S. (2005). Challenge and Change in East Asia: Facing the Perils of Presidentialism? <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Democracy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 16(2), 102-116.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.1ksv4uv\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[15]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u541b\u4e3b\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff08\u53e4\u4ee3\u738b\u6743\u4e00\u5411\u5b71\u5f31\uff09\uff0c\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7b49\u56fd\u5219\u6709\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u4e3e\u5f0f\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u571f\u8033\u5176\u90a3\u6837\u6539\u884c\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.44sinio\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[16]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u8010\u4eba\u5bfb\u5473\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u76ee\u524d\u653f\u5e9c\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u521d\u8877\u5e76\u975e\u63a5\u8fd1\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u7684\u534a\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u30021990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4fee\u5baa\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f\u66fe\u662f\u53f0\u6e7e\u8bd5\u56fe\u6548\u6cd5\u7684\u6837\u677f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u7b2c\u4e94\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0e\u53f0\u6e7e1997\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6570\u4e2a\u5baa\u6cd5\u589e\u4fee\u6761\u6587\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0a\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u589e\u4fee\u6761\u6587\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u6cd5\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\u5141\u8bb8\u603b\u7edf\u4e3b\u52a8\u89e3\u6563\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u3001\u63d0\u524d\u4e3e\u884c\u7acb\u6cd5\u59d4\u5458\u9009\u4e3e\uff08\u53c2\u770b\u6ce84\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u89c4\u5b9a\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u884c\u653f\u9662\u957f\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u6848\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65b9\u53ef\u89e3\u6563\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u30022000\u5e74\u9648\u6c34\u6241\u5c31\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u65f6\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u4e24\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u9648\u6c34\u6241\u6709\u6743\u7acb\u5373\u89e3\u6563\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5f81\u6c42\u5f53\u4e0b\u6c11\u610f\u5bf9\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u4e43\u81f3\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u9648\u6c34\u6241\u65e0\u6743\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u9648\u6c34\u6241\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u5df1\u515a\u7684\u5f20\u4fca\u96c4\u62c5\u4efb\u884c\u653f\u9662\u957f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5360\u636e\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u591a\u6570\u5e2d\u4f4d\u7684\u84dd\u8425\uff08\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u548c\u4eb2\u6c11\u515a\uff09\u5374\u6295\u9f20\u5fcc\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u613f\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u5012\u9601\u6210\u529f\u540e\u88ab\u89e3\u6563\u800c\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u5012\u9601\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u7acb\u6cd5\u59d4\u5458\u8fde\u4efb\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u603b\u7edf\u4efb\u547d\u5df1\u515a\u4eba\u58eb\u62c5\u4efb\u884c\u653f\u9662\u957f\u3001\u4e0d\u5fc5\u987e\u53ca\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u60ef\u4f8b\u3002\u603b\u7edf\u5bf9\u884c\u653f\u9662\u957f\u7684\u514d\u804c\u6743\u4e0d\u89c1\u8bf8\u660e\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\u662f\u6267\u653f\u515a\u515a\u9b41\u62c5\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u603b\u7edf\u6709\u6743\u8feb\u4f7f\u884c\u653f\u9662\u957f\u8f9e\u804c\u4e5f\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u60ef\u4f8b\u3002\u201c\u9b54\u9b3c\u5728\u7ec6\u8282\u4e2d\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.2jxsxqh\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[17]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u963f\u514b\u66fc\u5728\u300a\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u6c11\u300b\uff08We the People\uff09\u7cfb\u5217\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u4e8c\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.z337ya\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[18]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u53c2\u770bFishkin, J. S. (2011). Deliberative Democracy and Constitutions. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Philosophy and Policy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 28(1): 242-260 \u4ee5\u53caStanford Center for Deliberative Democracy\u7f51\u7ad9\uff1ahttps:\/\/cdd.stanford.edu\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.3j2qqm3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[19]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u50cf\u7f8e\u56fd\u90a3\u6837\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\u5b9e\u884c\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\u5b9e\u884c\u534f\u5546\u6027\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u7684\u5ba1\u8bae\u5458\u5c31\u50cf\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u9009\u6c11\u6536\u5230\u966a\u5ba1\u901a\u77e5\u90a3\u6837\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u70b9\u62a5\u5230\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ba1\u8bae\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u5fc5\u5c06\u4e0e\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u5236\u5ea6\u5ab2\u7f8e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.1y810tw\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[20]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u9009\u6c11\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u9014\u5f84\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ee3\u8bae\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u5373\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u53ec\u96c6\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u5ba1\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u61c8\u6020\u65e0\u4e3a\u6216\u8fdd\u80cc\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bae\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u62a2\u5148\u79ef\u6781\u7acb\u6cd5\u6216\u987a\u5e94\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u201c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7acb\u6cd5\u8f68\u9053\u201d\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u52a8\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u5373\u53ef\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.4i7ojhp\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[21]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u53c2\u770b\u738b\u5929\u6210\u300a\u5927\u8f6c\u578b\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u6218\u7565\u7814\u7a76\u6846\u67b6\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u6668\u949f\u4e66\u5c402012\uff09\u7b2c165\u9875\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caInman, R., &amp; Rubinfeld, D. L. (2020). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Democratic Federalism: The Economics, Politics, and Law of Federal Governance<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Princeton: Princeton University Press \u7b2c11\u9875\u3002\u540e\u8005\u628a\u8054\u90a6\u6210\u5458\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bae\u4f1a\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5426\u51b3\u56fd\u4f1a\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u5baa\u6cd5\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u201d\uff08constitutional federalism\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u5357\u975e\uff0c\u628a\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\u4f46\u6709\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u201d\uff08de facto federalism\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u4e39\u9ea6\u3001\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.2xcytpi\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[22]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Horowitz, D. L. (2007). Conciliatory Institutions and Constitutional Processes in Post-Conflict States. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">William &amp; Mary Law Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 49(4), 1213.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.1ci93xb\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[23]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u53c2\u770b\u300a\u5965\u5170\u81ea\u6cbb\u6cd5\u300b\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff1ahttps:\/\/finlex.fi\/en\/laki\/kaannokset\/1991\/en19911144.pdf<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.3whwml4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[24]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u4e00\u7ec4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u7fa4\u7814\u7a76\u6295\u7968\u5236\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u57282010\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e0a\u9488\u5bf9\u5355\u4e00\u80dc\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6295\u7968\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u6295\u7968\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u53ef\u591a\u9009\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u91c7\u7528\u8ba4\u53ef\u6295\u7968\u5236\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u8ba4\u53ef\u6295\u7968\u5236\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0868%\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u5236\uff0845%\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f22\u4f4d\u4e0e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u8be6\u89c1Laslier, J.-F. (2012). And the Loser is\u2026 Plurality Voting. In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electoral Systems: Paradoxes, Assumptions, and Procedures<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (pp. 327-351). New York: Springer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.2bn6wsx\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[25]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8bae\u5e2d\u91c7\u7528\u5355\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u5236\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8bae\u5e2d\u91c7\u7528\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u5e76\u7acb\u5236\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u540e\u5171\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u884c\u5e76\u7acb\u5236\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5236\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5bfc\u81f4\u653f\u515a\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u9635\u8425\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u8bae\u4f1a\u653f\u515a\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff081993-2005\u5e74\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u5e76\u7acb\u5236\uff09\uff0c\u53c2\u770bMassetti, E. (2006). Electoral Reform in Italy: from PR to Mixed System and (Almost) Back Again. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Representation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 42(3): 261-269\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u540e\u5171\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u53c2\u770bShvetsova, O. (2002). Institutions and Coalition Building in Post Communist Transitions. In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (pp. 55-78). London: Oxford University Press\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.qsh70q\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[26]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u591a\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u7684\u6295\u7968\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u653f\u515a\u540d\u5355\u6295\u7968\u5236\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u9488\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5355\u8ba1\u53ef\u8ba9\u6e21\u6295\u7968\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u5728\u591a\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u5bf9\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4f5c\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5f97\u7968\u6700\u591a\u8005\u8fbe\u5230\u786e\u4fdd\u5f53\u9009\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u7968\u6570\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u591a\u4f59\u7968\u6570\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8ba9\u6e21\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u6548\u679c\u4e0a\u63a5\u8fd1\u653f\u515a\u540d\u5355\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u9002\u4e8e\u5168\u56fd\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u578b\u9009\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u5206\u7701\u9009\u533a\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u52bf\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u5de8\u989d\u7ade\u9009\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b14\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u7528\u4e8e\u53bf\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.3as4poj\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[27]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u6309\u653f\u515a\u5f97\u7968\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5206\u914d\u8bae\u5e2d\u65f6\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u80fd\u6574\u9664\u9020\u6210\u7684\u201c\u96f6\u5934\u201d\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8f83\u4e3a\u76db\u884c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u987f\u7279\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u515a\u7565\u5fae\u6709\u5229\uff08\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u539f\u7406\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\u3002\u597d\u5728\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u4e0e\u201c\u987f\u7279\u6cd5\u201d\u7b49\u4ef7\u5e76\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e9\u57281792\u5e74\u5c31\u7531\u6770\u6590\u900a\u9488\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5dde\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u540d\u989d\u5206\u914d\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u7528\u8bae\u5e2d\u6570\u91cf\u52a0\u4e00\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6bcd\uff0c\u9009\u7968\u603b\u6570\u9664\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u6bcd\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u6570\u5b57\u5411\u4e0a\u53d6\u6574\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6027\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bae\u5e2d\u6240\u9700\u9009\u7968\u6570\u989d\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u6240\u5f97\u7968\u6570\u9664\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u989d\u518d\u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u83b7\u8bae\u5e2d\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6c47\u603b\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd8\u6709\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5e2d\u4f4d\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u914d\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u628a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bae\u5e2d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u9009\u7968\u6570\u989d\u51cf\u4e00\uff0c\u518d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u53cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5168\u90e8\u8bae\u5e2d\u90fd\u7531\u964d\u4f4e\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6570\u989d\u5206\u914d\u5e72\u51c0\u800c\u65e0\u4f59\u989d\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u96be\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8f83\u4e3a\u96be\u61c2\u4f46\u4e0d\u96be\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u987f\u7279\u6cd5\u5927\u884c\u4e8e\u4e16\uff1b\u5f53\u4eca\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u201c\u6770\u6590\u900a\u6cd5\u201d\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u6210\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e94\u5f53\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9c\u91c7\u7528\u8ba9\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9009\u6c11\u6478\u4e0d\u7740\u5934\u8111\u7684\u201c\u987f\u7279\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u662f\u201c\u6770\u6590\u900a\u6cd5\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.1pxezwc\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[28]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u53c2\u770bLijphart, A. (1991). Constitutional choices for new democracies. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Democracy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 2(1), 72-84\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u66fe\u4e8e1996-2001\u5e74\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5b9e\u884c\u76f4\u9009\u603b\u7406\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff08\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u62c9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u5236+\u8bae\u4f1a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u9009\u603b\u7406\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u8bae\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u788e\u7247\u5316\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u9009\u6c11\u628a\u603b\u7406\u9009\u7968\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u7968\u5206\u6295\u7ed9\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u515a\uff09\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u7545\uff0c\u6b64\u5236\u968f\u5373\u88ab\u5e9f\u6b62\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.49x2ik5\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[29]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u591a\u515a\u8054\u5408\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u51fa\u73b0\u5355\u4e00\u653f\u515a\u6267\u653f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u4e4e\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u60c5\u4e0e\u6c11\u60c5\uff1f\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e0b\u8ff0\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u4ece\u53cd\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u957f\u671f\u7684\u201c\u5b98\u672c\u4f4d\u201d\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u6216\u8bae\u4f1a\u5355\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u5236\u4fc3\u6210\u5355\u4e00\u5927\u515a\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u6267\u653f\u515a\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u538b\u5236\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u3001\u8d70\u5411\u5a01\u6743\u5316\uff0c\u59a8\u788d\u6c11\u4e3b\u5baa\u653f\u7684\u5de9\u56fa\u3002\uff082\uff09\u4ece\u6b63\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u5dee\u5f02\u6781\u5927\u7684\u591a\u5143\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u91c7\u884c\u4e2d\u95f4\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u5b9c\u8fc7\u5de6\u6216\u8fc7\u53f3\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5de6\u6d3e\u548c\u53f3\u6d3e\u653f\u515a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7acb\u9635\u8425\u7ec4\u6210\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4e24\u515a\u5236\u9020\u6210\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e24\u6781\u9707\u8361\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5272\u88c2\uff08\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u201c\u6597\u4e89\u54f2\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u6d41\u6bd2\u5728\u7ed9\u6597\u4e89\u63a8\u6ce2\u52a9\u6f9c\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8513\u5ef6\u751f\u957f\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u6240\u4fc3\u6210\u7684\u591a\u515a\u5236\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u6d3e\u653f\u515a\u7ecf\u5e38\u5165\u9601\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u591a\u515a\u5236\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e0d\u66fe\u6709\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4f46\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u6d3e\u5e94\u5f53\u80fd\u591f\u8de8\u8d8a\u515a\u6d3e\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u6216\u4e0e\u5de6\u6d3e\u3001\u6216\u4e0e\u53f3\u6d3e\u8054\u5408\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u653f\u7b56\u8d8b\u4e8e\u6e29\u548c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.2p2csry\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[30]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u9664\u4e86\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u5236\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u63a8\u8350\u4e86\u8ba4\u53ef\u6295\u7968\u5236\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u80fd\u5426\u548c\u653f\u515a\u540d\u5355\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5462\uff1f\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u8fc7\u4e86\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5728\u9ed1\u68ee\u90a62008\u5e74\u7684\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u4ee5Messel\u9547\u4e3a\u8bd5\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e5d\u767e\u4f59\u4f4d\u9009\u6c11\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u9009\u7968\u4e4b\u5916\u6295\u4e0b\u8ba4\u53ef\u6295\u7968\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9009\u7968\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u8868\u793a\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5c0f\u515a\u83b7\u5229\u3001\u5927\u515a\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7eff\u515a\u5728\u653f\u515a\u9009\u7968\u4e2d\u7684\u5f97\u7968\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ece\u6b63\u5f0f\u9009\u7968\u76847%\u66b4\u589e\u81f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9009\u7968\u768416%\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4ece39%\u8dcc\u81f324%\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u57282009\u5e74\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u5927\u9009\u4e2d\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u5c0f\u9547\u91cd\u590d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u626d\u8f6c\u4e7e\u5764\uff0c\u7eff\u515a\u4ece\u6b63\u5f0f\u9009\u7968\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u8dc3\u800c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9009\u7968\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002\u8be6\u60c5\u53c2\u770bAl\u00f3s\u2013Ferrer, C. and Grani\u00b4c, \u00d0. (2010). Approval Voting in Germany: Description of a Field Experiment. In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Handbook on Approval Voting<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (pp. 397-411). Berlin: Springer\u3002\u4e2a\u4e2d\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6700\u4e2d\u610f\u4e8e\u67d0\u5927\u515a\u3001\u5176\u6b21\u4e2d\u610f\u4e8e\u67d0\u5c0f\u515a\u7684\u9009\u6c11\u5728\u6b64\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u515a\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u9009\u5236\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\u5927\u515a\u7684\u5f97\u7968\uff0c\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u5c0f\u515a\u7684\u5f97\u7968\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u5236\u7528\u4e8e\u653f\u515a\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u5927\u515a\u94c1\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u5c40\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9009\u62e9\u6295\u7ed9\u5c0f\u515a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u8ba1\u7968\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u8ba4\u53ef\u6295\u7968\u5236\u4e0e\u653f\u515a\u540d\u5355\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u653f\u5c40\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u5236\u7528\u4e8e\u653f\u515a\u540d\u5355\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.147n2zr\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[31]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u53c2\u770bHorowitz, D. L. (2002). Constitutional Design: Proposals versus Processes. In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (pp. 15-36). London: Oxford University Press\u3002\u5728\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u6742\u5c45\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u5360\u4eba\u53e3\u591a\u6570\u7684\u5355\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u9009\u5236\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u7968\u6c60\u201d\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.3o7alnk\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[32]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u662f\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u7701\u7ea7\u9009\u533a\u4eba\u53e3\u5728\u4e09\u5343\u4e07\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8005\u4e94\u4e2a\u8bae\u5e2d\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u5343\u4e07\u8005\u6bcf\u6ee1\u4e00\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bae\u5e2d\u3002\u65b0\u7586\u3001\u5185\u8499\u3001\u5e7f\u897f\u5404\u589e\u8bbe\u4e94\u4e2a\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff08\u897f\u85cf\u3001\u5b81\u590f\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc7\u5c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9c\u589e\u8bbe\uff1b\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u5206\u7701\u8bae\u5e2d\u7686\u53ef\u4fdd\u969c\u4e3a\u85cf\u65cf\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b81\u590f\u4e94\u5e2d\u4e2d\u53ef\u4fdd\u969c\u4e09\u4e2a\u56de\u65cf\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff09\u3002\u672a\u88ab\u4e2d\u5171\u8bbe\u4e3a\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u7684\u5404\u7701\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u6bcf\u6ee1\u4e09\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u589e\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u6263\u9664\u4e09\u767e\u4e07\u6574\u6570\u500d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4f59\u6570\u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u4e07\u5219\u987b\u5728\u5206\u7701\u8bae\u5e2d\u4e2d\u4fdd\u969c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff08\u9752\u6d77\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc7\u5c11\uff0c\u5e94\u4fdd\u969c\u4e24\u4e2a\u85cf\u65cf\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u65cf\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff1b\u56db\u5ddd\u85cf\u533a\u9762\u79ef\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5206\u7701\u8bae\u5e2d\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u969c\u4e00\u4e2a\u85cf\u65cf\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff09\u3002\u63092010\u5e74\u7b2c\u516d\u6b21\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\uff08\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u7f3a\u4e4f\u516c\u4fe1\u529b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u6b21\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\uff09\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5916\u52a0\u9999\u6e2f\u4e94\u5e2d\u3001\u6fb3\u95e8\u4e00\u5e2d\uff0c\u5206\u7701\u8bae\u5e2d\u603b\u8ba1236\u4e2a\uff08\u5305\u62ec30\u4e2a\u589e\u8bbe\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5e2d\u4f4d\u548c18\u4e2a\u975e\u589e\u8bbe\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4fdd\u969c\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u8bbe285\u4e2a\u5168\u56fd\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u603b\u8ba1521\u4e2a\u8bae\u5e2d\uff08\u4ee5\u540e\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4eba\u53e3\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8bae\u5e2d\u603b\u6570\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u8bae\u5e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u51cf\uff09\uff0c\u4ecb\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f17\u8bae\u9662435\u5e2d\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u9662543\u5e2d\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u53ef\u884c\u3002\u6682\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u58eb\u5728\u975e\u4fdd\u969c\u5e2d\u4f4d\u4e2d\u7684\u65a9\u83b7\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u603b\u8ba148\u4e2a\u4e13\u5c5e\u5e2d\u4f4d\u5360\u8bae\u5e2d\u603b\u6570\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5373\u5df2\u5927\u4e8e\u5176\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e3a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6c11\u65cf\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u5e94\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u8bae\u5e2d\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5f31\u5316\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5404\u7701\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5e2d\u4f4d\u5e94\u5e76\u5165\u7701\u7ea7\u9009\u533a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u7701\u6309\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u83b7\u5f97\u516b\u5e2d\u3001\u6309\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u8bbe\u4e8c\u5e2d\uff0c\u5373\u6210\u4e3a\u5341\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u7684\u9009\u533a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6309\u653f\u515a\u540d\u5355\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u5206\u914d\u8bae\u5e2d\u4e4b\u540e\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4ec5\u5f97\u4e00\u5e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u975e\u7ec8\u5c40\u5206\u914d\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u6c49\u65cf\u5e2d\u4f4d\u6700\u591a\u7684\u653f\u515a\uff08\u82e5\u6570\u515a\u5e76\u5217\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u5176\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u9009\u7968\u6700\u591a\u8005\uff09\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c49\u65cf\u5e2d\u4f4d\u8ba9\u4e0e\u5176\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u540d\u5355\u5185\u5c1a\u672a\u5165\u56f4\u8005\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u81f3\u4e8e\u5168\u56fd\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u8bae\u5e2d\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5f53\u7528\u4e8e\u5f25\u8865\u5404\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u5728\u5206\u7701\u9009\u533a\u6240\u83b7\u8bae\u5e2d\u4e0e\u5176\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u5f97\u7968\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u7167\u987e\u5c0f\u515a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u533a\u57df\u8bae\u5e2d\u91c7\u7528\u5206\u7701\u7684\u591a\u5e2d\u9009\u533a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5bf9\u5c0f\u515a\u7684\u7167\u987e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.23ckvvd\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[33]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u56db\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u00b7\u4f2f\u6797\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u2026 no political movement today, at any rate outside the western world, seems likely to succeed unless it allies itself to national sentiment\u201d\uff08\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u4eca\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u60c5\u611f\u7ed3\u76df\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u671b\u6210\u529f\uff09\u3002\u89c1Berlin, I. (1979). Nationalism: Past Neglect and Present Power. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Partisan Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 46(3), 337-358\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u53ef\u80fd\u8a00\u91cd\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u6f6e\u4e0d\u76db\uff08\u5982\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u524d\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff09\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0d\u9700\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u60c5\u611f\u7ed3\u76df\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5f53\u4e0b\u548c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u5373\u4f7f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u538c\u6076\u800c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u60c5\u611f\u7ed3\u76df\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u6709\u671b\u5728\u65e0\u89c6\u751a\u81f3\u5426\u5b9a\u6c11\u65cf\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u5e76\u5de9\u56fa\u5baa\u653f\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1oS3iBQ6giNYGpGuENXSqMn-726IzlVtq\/edit#bookmark=id.23ckvvd\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[34]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u53c2\u770bRawls, J. (1971). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Theory of Justice<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press\u7b2c118-123\u9875\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6765\u7a3f \uff08\u4e01\u6bc5\uff09 &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#038;#821 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-7"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=793"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":798,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/793\/revisions\/798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}