{"id":852,"date":"2023-01-17T22:48:24","date_gmt":"2023-01-18T03:48:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=852"},"modified":"2024-12-02T12:29:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-02T17:29:19","slug":"%e6%88%b4%e9%9b%85%e9%97%a8-%e7%8e%8b%e5%a4%a9%e6%88%90-%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e5%bd%93%e4%bb%8a%e9%9d%a2%e4%b8%b4%e7%9a%84%e6%8c%91%e6%88%98%e4%b8%8e%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinademocrats.org\/?p=852","title":{"rendered":"\u6234\u96c5\u95e8\/\u738b\u5929\u6210 | \u6c11\u4e3b\u5f53\u4eca\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u524d\u666f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n
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\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece\u6211\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u8bdd\u9898\u662f\u6301\u4e45\u4e0d\u8870\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9605\u8bfb\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8fbe\u5c14(Robert A. Dahl)\u57281971\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u591a\u5934\u653f\u4f53\u300b\uff08Polyarchy\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6216\u7ef4\u6301\u6709\u6548\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\uff08efficient liberal democracy\uff09\u7684\u8bf8\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc7\u65f6\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5bb9\u5fcd\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9650\u5236\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u8ff0\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc7\u65f6\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u53f9\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u7206\u70b8\u6027\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6d89\u53ca\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6743\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\u6218\u7565\u6027\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3001\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u770b\u6cd5\u73b0\u5728\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5f97\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6743\u5982\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u534a\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\u548c90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u5de9\u56fa\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6c11\u4e3b\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u2014\u2014\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u652f\u6301\u3001\u673a\u6784\u673a\u5236\u8fd0\u4f5c\u826f\u597d\u3001\u5904\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u2014\u2014\u83b7\u5f97\u5de9\u56fa\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5de9\u56fa\u7684\u201d\u3001\u201c\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u201d\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u62c5\u5fc3\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7a0d\u7a0d\u62c5\u5fc3\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u62c5\u5fc3\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5b58\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fc4\u4eca\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u5f31\u5316\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\u3001\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f53\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u5316\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u7aef\u4e25\u91cd\u65f6\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u90fd\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u9006\u8f6c\u751a\u81f3\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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